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Geotechnical Module #1

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views

Geotechnical Module #1

Uploaded by

jitlcompany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULES

Notes and Formulas

SOIL PROPERTIES, SOIL TESTS AND INCIDES, AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION

I. SOIL PROPERTIES:
Situation #1:
One cubic meter of wet soil weighs 19.80 kN. If the specific
gravity of soil particles is 2.70 and water content is 11%:
1. Determine the void ratio. (0.485)
3
2. Determine the dry unit weight. (17.84 kN/m )
3. Determine the degree of saturation. (61.25%)

Situation #2:
3
In its natural state, a moist soil has a volume of 0.00935 m and
weighs 178 N. The oven dried weight of the soil is 154 N. If GS

VS = volume of soil solids = 2.67 N, determine the following:

VW = volume of water in the voids 1. Determine the moisture content. (15.6%)


3
VA = Volume of air in the voids 2. Determine the moist unit weight. (19.04 kN/m )
3
VV = Volume of Voids 3. Determine the dry unit weight. (16.47 kN/m )

VT = VS + VV = VS + VW+ VA 4. Determine the void ratio. (0.59)

WT = WW + WS 5. Determine the porosity (0.37)


6. Determine the degree of saturation. (70.6%)
Void Ratio:

Porosity: Situation #3:


3
Undisturbed soil obtained from a test pit 0.0283 m in volume is
Relationship between e and n:
found to have a wet weight of 0.459 kN. The dry weight of the
sample is 0.376 kN. If the specific gravity of the soil is 2.70:
And 1. Compute the void ratio. (0.9936)
3
2. Compute the volume of the voids. (0.0141 m )
3. Compute the effective unit weight of such a soil if it were
Degree of Saturation: submerged below the ground water table. (8.37 kN/m )
3

Moisture Content or Water Content:


Situation #4
3
Specific Volume: The unit weight of a soil sample is 1900 kg/m and the unit
3
weight of the soil particles is 2,660 kg/m . The soil has a
Unit Weight:
moisture content of 12%. The void ratios corresponding to the
densest and loosest state of the soil are 0.42 and 0.63,
respectively.
3
1. Determine the dry unit weight of the soil. (16.64 kN/m )
For dry unit weight: S = 0
2. Determine the void ratio of the soil. (0.57)
For saturated unit weight: S = 1
3. Determine the relative density of the soil. (29.52%)
Relationship between S, e, w, GS:
Other important relationships:

Air Void Ratio:

Hydraulic Gradient:

Effective Unit Weight:

Relative Density:

[ ][ ]
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULES
Notes and Formulas

II. SOIL TESTS AND SOIL INDICES Situation #2:

Liquid Limit (LL): The Atterberg Limits of a clay soil are: Liquid limit = 75%;
Plastic limit; and Shrinkage limit = 25%. If a sample of this soil
( ) 3
has a volume of 30 cm at the liquid limit and a volume 16.6
3
Where: cm at the shrinkage limit:
(for most solids) 1 . Determine the specific gravity of solids. (2.71)

Shrinkage Limit (SL): 2 . Determine the shrinkage ratio. (1.614)


3 . Determine the volumetric shrinkage. (80.72%)

Where: Situation #3:


m1 = mass of the wet soil pat in the dish at the beginning of the Atterberg Limit tests were performed on a silty clay. The water
test (g) contents obtained in the plastic limit test were 31.6%, 33.5%,
m2 = mass of the dry soil in the pat (g) and 30.9%. The following data were obtained in the liquid limit
3
v1 = initial volume of the soil in the pat (cm )
3
v2 = volume of the oven-dried soil pat (cm )
3
= density of water (g/cm )
Shrinkage Ratio (SR):

Shrinkage Limit (SL):

Plasticity Index (PI):


Shrinkage Index (SI): 1. Determine the liquid limit. (53%)
2. Determine the plastic limit. (32%)
Consistency Index (CI):
3. Determine the plasticity index. (21%)
Liquidity Index (LI):
III. SOIL CLASSIFICATION:
Flow Index (FI):
( )
Sieve Analysis
Toughness Index: (TI): Effective Size (D10) – this parameter is the diameter in the
particle-size distribution curve corresponds to 10% finer.
1 . In a specific gravity test with pycnometer, the following Uniformity Coefficient (CU):
observed readings are available:
Coefficient of Gradation or Coefficient of Curvature (CC):
Weight of the empty pycnometer = 7.50 N
Weight of pycnometer + dry soil = 17.30 N
Weight of pycnometer + dry soil + water filling the remaining
Sorting Coefficient (SN): √
volume = 22.45 N
Weight of pycnometer + water = 16.30 N Situation #1:

Determine the specific gravity of the soil solids, ignoring the A sample of a dry coarse-grained material of 500 grams was

effect of temperature. (2.68) shaken through a nest of sieves and the following results are
obtained:
Situation#1:
A soil has a liquid limit of 61 and a plastic limit of 30. A moisture
content test performed on an undisturbed sample of this soil
yielded the following results:
Mass of soil + can before placing in oven = 96.2 g
Mass of soil + can after removal in oven = 71.9 g
Mass of can = 20.8 g

1 . Determine the plasticity index. (31)


2 . Determine the moisture content. (47.6%)
01. Determine the effective size. (0.10 mm)
3 . Determine the liquidity index. (0.568)
02. Determine the uniformity coefficient. (4.5)
03. Determine the coefficient of curvature. (0.72)
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULES
Notes and Formulas

Situation #2: :
Classify the following soil using the United States Department
of Agriculture Textural Classification Chart.

1 . Determine the Classification of Soil A. (Gravelly Clay Loam)


2 . Determine the Classification of Soil C. (Clay)

3 . For a given soil, the following are known:


Percentage passing No. 4 sieve = 70
Percentage passing No. 200 sieve = 30
Liquid Limit = 33 Plastic Limit = 12
Classify the soil using the Unified Soil Classification System.
Give the group symbol and the group name. (SC)

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