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    Defects & Remedies in Building

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    Sunil
    The document discusses common defects that occur in buildings, their causes, and remedies. It covers defects caused by dampness, applied forces, and changes in size. Examples of defects include cracks, dampness, efflorescence, and corrosion. Diagnosis depends on collecting relevant information and correctly interpreting evidence. Defects should be grouped by their cause and addressed by outlining symptoms, diagnosis, remedial work, and preventative measures.

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    Defects & Remedies in Building

    Uploaded by

    Sunil
    4 views17 pages
    The document discusses common defects that occur in buildings, their causes, and remedies. It covers defects caused by dampness, applied forces, and changes in size. Examples of defects include cracks, dampness, efflorescence, and corrosion. Diagnosis depends on collecting relevant information and correctly interpreting evidence. Defects should be grouped by their cause and addressed by outlining symptoms, diagnosis, remedial work, and preventative measures.

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    The document discusses common defects that occur in buildings, their causes, and remedies. It covers defects caused by dampness, applied forces, and changes in size. Examples of defects include cracks, dampness, efflorescence, and corrosion. Diagnosis depends on collecting relevant information and correctly interpreting evidence. Defects should be grouped by their cause and addressed by outlining symptoms, diagnosis, remedial work, and preventative measures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views17 pages

    Defects & Remedies in Building

    Uploaded by

    Sunil
    The document discusses common defects that occur in buildings, their causes, and remedies. It covers defects caused by dampness, applied forces, and changes in size. Examples of defects include cracks, dampness, efflorescence, and corrosion. Diagnosis depends on collecting relevant information and correctly interpreting evidence. Defects should be grouped by their cause and addressed by outlining symptoms, diagnosis, remedial work, and preventative measures.

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    Faculty of Architecture & Planning

    Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

    RAR 802 (Construction & Materials)


    Defects & Remedies

    Prof. Alok Omar


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects occur in various forms and to different extents in all types of buildings,
    irrespective of age.

    The followings all contribute to the occurrence of defects in buildings:

    • The large varieties of building materials used that may not be well congruent
    with one another
    • Construction techniques that may not be defect proof
    • Inconsistent or sub-standard workmanship
    • Use of unsuitable construction details
    • Extreme site conditions undermining performance standards
    • Natural deterioration
    • Attacks by pollutants
    • Improper uses of the completed buildings.
    Source: Excerpts from the website www.bd. gov. hk/english/documents/code/bmg Defects & Remedies
    Defects & Remedies

    Causes of Defects

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    • A defect can be repaired satisfactorily only if its
    cause has been correctly diagnosed; experience
    has shown that errors are too often made.

    • Sometimes this happens because it is not


    possible to obtain all the relevant information,
    but more often, it is because the symptoms have
    not been fully investigated or the information
    has not been correctly interpreted.

    • Thus, errors may be not only expensive and


    ineffective but on occasions may actually
    aggravate the defect, making more extensive
    work necessary.

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    • It is estimated that one-third of the output of the construction and building
    industry is for the maintenance of buildings.

    • However, a proportion (as much as one-fifth of the total cost of repairs) is spent
    on the rectification of defects arising from errors in design or construction, many
    of which could have been avoided by correct detailing or better workmanship.

    • Some of this is for the redecoration and cleaning of buildings and some for the
    replacement of materials having a relatively short natural life in comparison with
    the life of the building.

    • If the cost due to loss of facilities is then added to the actual cost of repair it
    becomes clear that the elimination of “avoidable” defects must give valuable
    financial benefits.

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    • Correct diagnosis depend upon the collection and assembly of all the
    information likely to be relevant; a knowledge of the behavior of building
    materials and methods of construction; and a capacity for drawing the right
    conclusions from the evidence.

    • Anyone should approach a problem of diagnosis with an open mind and put
    away any preconceived ideas of the cause which may in the event be totally
    mistaken.

    • Many defects have symptoms that are superficially similar and it is important to
    know how to recognize those signs which will distinguish between them.

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Principles Of Diagnosis
    1. Collection of data
    2. Observation
    3. Oral Information
    4. Recorded Information
    5. Deduction of the cause of the defect

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    • From the more practical aspect, however, the majority of defects can be placed
    in one of three main groups. The boundaries of these are by no means clear-cut
    and there will often be overlapping.

    • These groups are:

    o Defects caused by dampness

    o Defects caused by applied forces

    o Defects caused by changes in size

    Source: Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by dampness
    • Dampness in Basements
    • Dampness on Walls (all types) at various levels: loadbearing walls,
    • Dampness on Walls (all types) at various levels: non load bearing walls,
    • Dampness on freestanding Walls at various levels: parapets, boundary
    walls
    • Dampness on Ceilings: flat roofs,
    • Dampness on Ceilings: pitched roofs
    • Dampness on Floors – all types
    • Dampness on Water Tanks
    • Defects in surface finishes – all types
    • Corrosion of Metals
    • Efflorescence
    Defects & Remedies
    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by dampness

    Dampness on Walls Dampness on ceilings

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by dampness

    Efflorescence Corrosion of Metals

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by applied forces
    • Load-bearing walls: Vertical cracks
    • Load-bearing walls: Diagonal cracks
    • Load-bearing walls: Horizontal cracks
    • Load-bearing walls: Cracks, variable in direction
    • Cracks on non-load bearing & freestanding Walls all types: parapets, boundary
    walls etc.
    • Cracks in floors & ceilings
    • Cracks, etc. in surface finishes – all types
    • Settlement – equal, unequal
    • Movement: due to chemical reaction, creep & moisture
    • Carbonation of concrete, spalling of concrete

    Source: Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by applied forces

    Cracks Diagonal cracks

    Source: Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by applied forces

    Horizontal Cracks Vertical cracks

    Source: Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by changes in size
    • Due to increase in water content – all materials
    • Due to chemical action – all materials
    • Due to the effect of weather – all materials
    • Due to occupational change– all materials
    • Due to biological action– all materials
    • Due to change of temperature– all materials
    • Termites, etc.

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    Defects caused by changes in size

    Due to the effect of weather Due to termites

    Defects & Remedies


    Defects & Remedies
    • Present a detailed study of all the relevant building defects in existing and new
    construction works. This would include their causes, prevention and remedies.

    • Each defect should be dealt with under the headings of:


    1. Symptoms
    2. Diagnosis and causes
    3. Remedial work
    4. Design and prevention

    • The emphasis will be on construction details as applicable to Indian conditions.


    • Submit a a4 size report along with a soft copy of the presentation.

    Defects & Remedies

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