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Lesson12 IPAddress

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Lesson12 IPAddress

Uploaded by

nth_gmailcom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Address

IP Addresses

• Structure of an IP address
• Subnetting
• CIDR
• IPv6 address

1
Problems with Classful IP Addresses
• The original classful IP address had the following
problems:
Problem 1. Too few net ids for large networks
• Class A has 27 = 128 net ids
• Class B has 214 = 16,384 net ids
• => Class A and Class B net ids are overkill
Problem 2. Class A and Class B addresses is not appropriate
for large networks
• Class A has 224 = 16,777,216 host ids for each net id
• Class B has 216 = 65,536 host ids for each net id
• => Millions of Class A and Class B addresses are wasted.
• Solution #1: use Subnetting
2
Problems with Classful IP Addresses
Problem 3. Inflexible. Suppose that a company is granted a
site address in Class C and requires 2,000 host ids.
• Class C has 28 = 256 host ids
• => the number of host ids / addresses in class C is smaller than
the required number.

• Solution #2: use Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR)

3
Problems with Classful IP Addresses
Problem 4: Exploding Routing Tables: Routing on the
Internet needs to access a net id for each network
address. By 1993, the tables size is overkill the capacity of
routers.
• Ex: Class C has 221 = 2,097,152 => too many net ids

• Solution #2: Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR)

4
Problems with Classful IP Addresses
Problem 5. The number of IP addresses is going to outgrow
the 32-bit space.
• Solution #3: IP Version 6

5
Subnetting
• Problem: Organizations
need to manage multiple University Network
networks independently
• Solution 1: Allocate an address Engineering Medical
for each network School School
• Difficult to manage
• From the outside of the Library
organization, each
network must have an
identifiable address.
• Solution 2: use subnetting

6
Basic Idea of Subnetting
• Divide the host number part into a subnet number and a
host number to have a 3-layer hierarchy

network prefix host number

network prefix subnet number host number

extended network prefix

• Notes:
• The organization can freely assign / design subnet
• The organization can treat subnets as separate networks internally
• Subnet structure is just visible inside the organization 7
Subnet Masks
• Extended network prefix (subnet mask) is used by routers and hosts to
identify the start of the host numbers

*The organization can freely assign / design subnet. Commonly used netmasks with 255.255.255.0 (24 bits
prefix)

8
Example of a Subnetting Plan
The organization can freely assign / design subnet Design subnet mask with 25 bits

Design subnet mask with 24 bits Subnet 128.49.0.0/24

Subnet 1

Internet Subnet 128.49.1.0/25


Subnet 3
Router 1 Router 2
Designs subnet mask with 24 bits Subnet 128.49.1.128/25

Subnet 4
Subnetwork: 128.49.1.0/24
Subnet 2
Subnet 128.49.3.0/24

Design subnet mask with 16 bits


IP Network: 128.49.0.0/16 9

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