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Class Python

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Santhanalakshmi Selvakumar
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66 views13 pages

Class Python

Uploaded by

Santhanalakshmi Selvakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Local Variables:

# python-local-variable.py

def function_local(a):

print('a is -> ',a)

a = 50

print('After new value within the function a is -> ',a)

a = 100

function_local(40)

print('Value of a is ->',a)
Output:
a is -> 40
After new value within the function a is -> 50
Value of a is -> 100

global statement:
# python-global-variable.py

def function_local():

global a

print('a is -> ',a)

a = 50

print('After new value within the function a is -> ',a)

a = 100

function_local()

print('Value of a is ->',a)

Copy

Output:
a is -> 100
After new value within the function a is -> 50
Value of a is -> 50
.
def outside():

a = 10

def inside():

a = 20

print("Inside a ->", a)

inside()

print("outside a->", a)

outside()

def outside():

a = 10

def inside():

nonlocal a

a = 20

print("The value of a in inside() function - ", a)

inside()

print("The value of a in outside() function - ", a)

outside()
Defining a class:

In object oriented programming classes and objects are the


main features. A class creates a new data type and objects are
instances of a class which follows the definition given inside
the class. Here is a simple form of class definition.

class Student:
Statement-1
Statement-1
....
....
....
Statement-n
A class definition started with the keyword 'class' followed by
the name of the class and a colon.

The statements within a class definition may be function


definitions, data members or other statements.

When a class definition is entered, a new namespace is


created, and used as the local scope.

Creating a Class:

Here we create a simple class using class keyword followed


by the class name (Student) which follows an indented block
of segments (student class, roll no., name).
#studentdetails.py

class Student:

stu_class = 'V'

stu_roll_no = 12

stu_name = "David"

Class Objects:

There are two kind of operations class objects supports :


attribute references and instantiation. Attribute references use
the standard syntax, obj.name for all attribute references in
Python. Therefore if the class definition (add a method in
previous example) look like this
#studentdetails1.py

class Student:

"""A simple example class"""

stu_class = 'V'

stu_roll_no = 12

stu_name = "David"

def messg(self):

return 'New Session will start soon.'


__doc__ is also a valid attribute which returns the docstring of
the class.

__init__ method:
#studentdetailsinit.py

class Student:

"""A simple example class"""

def __init__(self, sclass, sroll, sname):

self.c = sclass

self.r = sroll

self.n = sname

def messg(self):

return 'New Session will start soon.'


Inheritance:
class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName):

Statement-1
Statement-1
....
....
....
Statement-n
class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName1, BaseClassName2,
BaseClassName3):
Statement-1
Statement-1
....
....
....
Statement-n

Example:

In a company Factory, staff and Office staff have certain


common properties - all have a name, designation, age etc.
Thus they can be grouped under a class called
CompanyMember. Apart from sharing those common features,
each subclass has its own characteristic - FactoryStaff gets
overtime allowance while OfficeStaff gets traveling allowance
for an office job. The derived classes ( FactoryStaff &
OfficeStaff) has its own characteristic and, in addition, they
inherit the properties of the base class (CompanyMember). See
the example code.
# python-inheritance.py

class CompanyMember:

'''Represents Company Member.'''

def __init__(self, name, designation, age):

self.name = name

self.designation = designation

self.age = age

def tell(self):

'''Details of an employee.'''
print('Name: ', self.name,'\nDesignation : ',self.designation, '\
nAge : ',self.age)

class FactoryStaff(CompanyMember):

'''Represents a Factory Staff.'''

def __init__(self, name, designation, age, overtime_allow):

CompanyMember.__init__(self, name, designation, age)

self.overtime_allow = overtime_allow

CompanyMember.tell(self)

print('Overtime Allowance : ',self.overtime_allow)

class OfficeStaff(CompanyMember):

'''Represents a Office Staff.'''

def __init__(self, name, designation, age, travelling_allow):

CompanyMember.__init__(self, name, designation, age)

self.marks = travelling_allow

CompanyMember.tell(self)

print('Traveling Allowance : ',self.travelling_allow)

Now execute the class in Python Shell and see the output.
Encapsulation
class Computer:

def __init__(self):

self.__maxprice = 900

def sell(self):

print("Selling Price: {}".format(self.__maxprice))

def setMaxPrice(self, price):

self.__maxprice = price

c = Computer()
c.sell()

# change the price

c.__maxprice = 1000

c.sell()

# using setter function

c.setMaxPrice(1000)

c.sell()

output :

Selling Price: 900

Selling Price: 900

Selling Price: 1000

Polymorphism

Method overloading example


class Human:

def sayHello(self, name=None):

if name is not None:


print 'Hello ' + name
else:
print 'Hello '

# Create instance
obj = Human()
# Call the method
obj.sayHello()

# Call the method with a parameter


obj.sayHello('Guido')

Output:

Hello
Hello Guido

Method Overriding

class Rectangle():

def __init__(self,length,breadth):

self.length = length

self.breadth = breadth

def getArea(self):

print(self.length*self.breadth," is area of rectangle")

class Square(Rectangle):

def __init__(self,side):

self.side = side

Rectangle.__init__(self,side,side)

def getArea(self):

print(self.side*self.side," is area of square")

s = Square(4)

r = Rectangle(2,4)

s.getArea()

r.getArea()

output :

16 is area of square
8 is area of rectangle

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