Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks
ANSWER:
Intrusive Igneous Rocks Extrusive Igneous Rocks

1.The igneous rocks found
The igneous rocks found on the
below the surface of the Earth
surface of the Earth are known as
are known as intrusive igneous
extrusive igneous rocks.
rocks.
These are formed when the lava cools
2.These are formed when the
and solidifies after reaching the
magma cools and solidifies
Earth's surface during a volcanic
below the Earth's surface.
eruption.
3. Examples: Granite and
Examples: Basalt and obsidian
dolerite
Crust Core
The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. The core is the innermost layer of the earth.
Crust is about 60 km thick below high mountains and

Core is about 7000 km in diameter.
just 5-10 km below the oceans.
Core has very high temperature ranging from

Crust has relatively low temperatures.
4400°C to about 6000°C.
Crust is inhabited by living organisms. Core is inhabitable.
Sial Sima
Sial floats on top of Sima. Sima lies under Sial.

Sial Sima
Sial has less density. Sima has more density.
Sial is composed of Silica and Aluminium. Sima is composed of Silica and Magnesium.
Sial forms the continents. Sima makes up the ocean floor.
Question: What do you know about the structure of the

earth?
Answer: On the basis of varying density and other physical and chemical properties of rocks, the earth can be
divided into three concentric layers-crust, mantle and core.
Crust:
1. The crust is the solid outermost layer. It is also called lithosphere.
2. It is a relatively thin layer. The upper part of the crust is called continental crust (about 35 cm thick).
The lower part is called oceanic crust (about 5 km thick).
3. The continental crust is made up of silica (si) and aluminia (al), and so it is called sial. The oceanic
crust is made up of silica (si) and magnesium (ma) and therefore also called Sima.
4. The outer crust has soil. It provides with most of the minerals.
Mantle:
1. Just beneath the crust is a 2,900 km thick layer called mantle.
2. It lies between the crust and the core.
3. Based on the chemical composition, it is divided into the upper mantle and lower mantle.
Upper Mantle
Lower Mantle
The upper mantle is a thin, stiff layer consisting mainly of the minerals silica, iron and magnesium.
It is a zone of mixed minerals such as iron, magnesium, aluminum and silicon. The average temperature here is
3000°
It extends from the bottom of the crust to a depth of around 300 km.
The lower mantle extends from around 300 km to 2900 km. The lower mantle is semi-solid and minerals here
can move slowly in a plastic manner.
core:
1. The core lies below the mantle and around the center of the earth. It is also called barysphere.
2. The average radius of the core is about 3,500 km.
3. The core is divided into two – the upper/outer core and the inner core.
Outer Core
Inner Core
1. The outer core is 2300 km thick.
1. The inner core is 1200 km thick.
2. The outer core is so hot that it is molten (liquid core).
2. The inner core is though hotter, is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid (solid core).
The temperature in the core is hotter than that on the sun’s surface. The intense heat from the inner core causes
material in the outer core and inner mantle to move around. The dominant minerals here are Nickel and iron.
Therefore, it is also called nife (“ni” slands for Nickel and “fe” for iron).
Question: What are the main characteristics of igneous

rocks?
Answer: The main characteristics of igneous rocks are:
1. These rocks are hard and compact.
2. These rocks do not occur in distinct beds or stratas.
3. These rocks do not have remains of animals or plants.
4. These rocks do not allow water to percolate through them.
5. Other types of rocks are formed from igneous rocks.
6. Valuable minerals such as iron, gold, silver and aluminum are found in these rocks.
Question: What are the main characteristics of sedimentary

rocks?
Answer: The main characteristics of sedimentary rocks are:
1. These rocks are softer than igneous rocks.
2. These rocks have horizontal layers. Arranged one alone the other.
3. These rocks are mostly formed under water have marks of waver and mud-cracks.
4. These rocks also contain remains of animal and plants, called fossils, between the layers.
5. The important examples are sandstone, limestone and coal.
Question: What are the main characteristics of metamorphic
rocks?
Answer: The main characteristics are as follows:
1. These rocks after changes remains in their original position.
2. They are very hard and have a high specific gravity.
3. These rocks do not have empty spaces in them.
Question: Explain the working of the rock cycle.

Answer: The rock cycle is as follows:
1. The hot and molten magma forms igneous rocks on cooling.

2. These igneous rocks are exposed to different agents of weathering and erosion on the earth’s
surface.
3. The broken rock fragments, when transported and deposited in basins, form sedimentary rocks.
4. The leftover igneous rocks and the newly formed sedimentary rocks are subject to intense heat and
pressure. They change into metamorphic rocks in due course of time.
5. The sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are buried again and melt to form magma.
6. This magma again cools down and forms igneous rocks.
Question: Why it is said that the rock cycle has neither a

beginning an end.
Answer: The change of one type of rock into another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner is known
as rock cycle. So it has neither a beginning nor an end.
Question: What are minerals? What is the difference

between Metallic and Non-metallic minerals?
Answer: Minerals are naturally occurring substances that are usually solid and inorganic. They have definite
chemical composition and a crystalline structure. There are two types of minerals: Metallic and Non-metallic
minerals.
Metallic minerals
Non-metallic minerals
1. Metallic minerals are minerals that contain one or more metallic elements.
1. Non-metallic minerals are those that do not contain extractable metallic elements. (Non metallic minerals)
2. Metals are usually hard with shiny surfaces, they can be hammered into thin sheets or stretched into wires,
and are good conductor of heat and electricity.
2. They lack a metallic shine in their appearance. Non metallic minerals)
3. Iron, copper, bauxite, gold and manganese are some examples.
3. Limestone, mica and gypsum are examples of non-metallic minerals. ( Non metallic minerals)

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Intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks

Intrusive Igneous Rocks Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Crust is about 60 km thick below high mountains and

Core has very high temperature ranging from

Crust is inhabited by living organisms. Core is inhabitable.

Sial floats on top of Sima. Sima lies under Sial.

Sial has less density. Sima has more density.

Sial forms the continents. Sima makes up the ocean floor.

Question: What do you know about the structure of the

1. The outer core is 2300 km thick.

1. The inner core is 1200 km thick.

2. The outer core is so hot that it is molten (liquid core).

Question: What are the main characteristics of igneous

Question: What are the main characteristics of sedimentary

Question: Explain the working of the rock cycle.

1. The hot and molten magma forms igneous rocks on cooling.

Question: Why it is said that the rock cycle has neither a

Question: What are minerals? What is the difference

2. They lack a metallic shine in their appearance. Non metallic minerals)

3. Iron, copper, bauxite, gold and manganese are some examples.

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