Functional English Lecture # 3 (Pronoun and Its Kinds by Sumair Arslan)

2.
PRONOUN AND ITS KINDS
COURSE INSTRUCTOR
SUMAIR ARSLAN
DEFINE PRONOUN
PRONOUNS are words that are used in the place of noun. A
word that is used instead of a noun is called a “Pronoun”.
Examples: He, she, it, I, we, they, you etc…
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Kinds of Pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun
2. Impersonal Pronoun
3. Reflexive Pronoun
4. Emphatic Pronoun
5. Demonstrative Pronoun
6. Indefinite Pronoun
7. Distributive Pronoun
8. Relative Pronoun
9. Compound Relative Pronoun
10. Interrogative Pronoun
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1. Personal Pronoun
Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated
primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as
I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).
Example:
He shook her* hand.
Why do you always rely on me to do your* homework for you?
They tried to run away from the hunter, but he set his* dogs after them.
Words like her, your and his are sometimes called (possessive) pronouns
2. Impersonal Pronoun
There is another type of pronoun called improper pronoun (e.g. ‘it’), the
rules for the use of “it” are stated as follows:
Examples:
For non-living things or an idea – It is a pen.
Here is your book, take it.
▫ The impersonal pronoun "It" is the most widely used
neutral form in English that can refer to either things,
animals, or weather/time/dates.
▫ Examples:
▫ It is cold here.
▫ It is Wednesday.
▫ It snowed in Chicago last week, it was very pretty.
▫ It's half past 3.
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3. Reflexive Pronoun
 Reflexive pronouns are formed by
adding “self” to the personal Pronouns,
“my”, “your”, ”him”, “her” and “it” and
“selves” to “our”, “your” and “them” as,
 Myself, yourself, himself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves.
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4. Emphatic Pronoun
The emphatic pronouns are myself, yourself, herself, himself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. (These words can
be either emphatic pronouns or reflexive pronouns.
Example: She will do it herself. The Queen herself
attended the party.
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5. Demonstrative Pronoun
That is, singular demonstrative pronouns (this, that) are used with
singular verbs. Plural demonstrative pronouns (these, those) are
used with plural verbs. For example: Mary, Kate, and Ashley arrived at
our house. “These are my friends,” Demonstrative pronoun
definition: Demonstrative pronouns are words that replace nouns
and identify something specific.
EXAMPLE:
 This building is old.
 These sandwiches are delicious.
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6. INDEFINITE PRONOUN
 An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific
person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite".
Some typical indefinite pronouns are:
 all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each,
everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody,
none, one, several, some, somebody/someone
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7 DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN
Each, either and neither are

called distributive pronouns
because they refer to persons
or things one at a time.
Example:
Each of the boys was given a
present.
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8. Relative Pronoun
Relative pronoun refers to some “noun” and also joins 2
sentences together. It, therefore, does the work of a
“conjunction” so it is also called “conjunctive pronoun”
Example:
This is the boy. The boy broke the glass.
This is the boy who broke the glass.
This is the boy and the boy broke the glass.
This the cow. The cow gives much milk.
This is the cow which gives much milk.
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9. Compound Relative Pronoun
“Pronouns” formed by adding “ever”, “so”, or “soever”
to who, which, and what are called “compound relative
pronouns”.
Example:
whoever, whoso, whosoever, whichever, whatever,
whatsoever
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10. Interrogative Pronoun
 Read carefully and with full attention…
 Who is there?
 Who are you?
 About whom are you talking?
 Whose is this book? What do you want?
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s
The underlined words are
“relative pronouns” but the work
which they do is different. They
are here used for asking
questions, and, are, therefore,
called “interrogative pronouns”
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Thanks
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PRONOUN AND ITS KINDS

Each, either and neither are

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