Class* *PHYS TCS *

CHAPTER:10
Reflection ond Refyachion
is totm o enevgy. Light enables us to
Light Light a
which HComes or fyom which
dee Objects bom
it is Jefiected
LUminouS object Objec+ which emit theiy e
Ouon light
LwminouS ObjectS like dun, electyic
are called
bullb, firse ett
Object which do no+ emit their
Non-Luminous object
but+ only efiect the
themGelves
Own light non-luminous
On hem ade Called
light which fals
objechs
in a dtraight line.
line. Lig
Ligr
>Nature of Light: Ligh+ +ravels matesical medium to
+o
need a
does not
to the modesn theory Of light
tavel According exhibits
CalledQuantum Theory of Ligntlight
Of both Waves and Pasticles dependine
the poopesties
On th ituation
it is in)"

RePtection of Liht in the a m e

The phenomenon o¥ bouncing back of light
is Call ed
medium after hriKing thR durfate
Jefiection Of Light
 Angle of

Tncident Ray
Angle
Angle
Tnident
of
of Refiectio
ROY

l a n eM i r o r

Point of incidenF
Laws of reflection of light
hR oefecked ray and he nosmal lat
Fisst la: The incident Yay,
lie in dame planc
the Point Of incident), a the

decond lao: The angle of seflecthion = The angle of incident

Kinds of
eflechon of liqht aPply to ai
THe
>THe Laos of C well cs phencal
mirors, i-e, Plane mirror
Cnd LOnvey mirro)
mirors. LliKe concavemirors

allS dusface eithes of theSe Phen om ena

*When
*When light on any
takes Place
.Refsachion LPmitted Reflection
AbSooption
Type Of Uace
T6ans parent Tsanslvcent OPaque
Resrchiont
Refrechion Refrection
Refiechion 4 Reflection- Reflechion 1

hould have dhiny, olished and moo th

Reflector
Bet
dUTface
y p e s of Miror
gpHerical Mirror

lane Mirror

Convex Mirror
Concave MiTor
 meet.
ype.
Of
Image+ THe point where reflecfed Yays

Real Ima ge virtual y Imaqe

9t Canno be
S t Can be obtained
o in ed on cYe Ch .

on dcreen.
P l a n e m i r r o r

Reftected Kay Virtual Image

Real
Imaae Refletted Ray

9+ is formed when Yetlected 9 t is formed when

meet at Yeflected ays do not
Yay acbwally
mect acwally but
certain Point
appear to meet a t cerFain
9t+ is aloays inverted Point
+ is aldayS eycc

mage 4ormed by Plane mirfor

-

P l a n e mirvor

d b j e c t

Objec

adame. diS tance

r

Dame dize
Vistual Image
vect Image
Latesaty Inverted
 ReflecHngSUrtate
Sphesical MiYor
Reflechng
UYface

Apertuie Aperture
R P. Axis -R-
f P p.AxisP
C

C-Centre of
GUTVature
Concave
P- Pole Convex
P Principal focus ApetuYE: t is

Radius of CuvatuYc a art Of Mpherical)

R mirror from hich
(focus: Point hee focal Length
a eflected rays actually th
apfeay 0
Yetlechon
oY
mcet (OLCUS
meet

1
Rule

Concave (toverging Convex Diveg ing)

The inudent say that Come The incdent Yay coming

Pasallel to P. axiS after Parallel to P. avis diverge
reflection Passes through focws but aPpears to pass
thsough fows
Rute2

Li= Lr=0

Concave Conve
The incident say Coming The incident ray appeaTsS
thrOUghC retraces iis Path. to be Coming from 'C
Tebound bac
RUle 3

Pr
C Lr

-r, i Lr

Concave
Convex
.The inciden+ 10Y Gtri king The incident ay trininq
at Pole by certain angle at Pole
IS Teflccted through Same by certain angle
9 reflected thYOUGh ame
angle angle
Rote 4 Conve16e of Role )

PE P

Concave
Convex
The incident Ray Coming Theincident Ray aprecurs
Tomfous after Yetlechon liKe coming fyom
become Parallel to P. axis.
fowS
focus after Yeflection
becomes Paralle to P.aris.
Jormation of Image by Con cave MirYor

a) fHt infinity
formation of
Image at f
Nature: Keal,
Inverted and
Point ized
C

b)betoeen in finity and the cen r e of curvature C

fomcation of Tmcge bekoeen

F and C
Natore: Real
Omalley then the Objech
and inverted
CAt C
formation of image a t
Nature : Rea),
ot Image
ame i z e
and inverted

d betoeen C and F Formation of image htoeen

and infinity
Nature: Keal,
Enlarged and
Inverted

Atf totimotion Of image at infiniBy

Natu re. Real,
C
in initelY large and
inverted

behween fand P FovmatHion of Tmage

behind tthe miror
Nature : virtua|
enlarged ard
C J
erec
formation oP Image a Convey mirror

a) fAt ininity

Formation of image
a+tha focus
ature'. vitual
erec, Highly
dininished
b)Dekoeen infinity and the Pole
Hormation of image
between tho focuS and
the Pole

Nature : vistual , erect,

Omaller ize

USes of Concave Mior

b Tn 1orcheg, adeasch-lightS and vehicles headlights to

ge+ Powertol Pasalle) beams of ligt

to dee lorge image fate
of Hhe face
having mivrors
large imaqe Of th teeth
) UScd by denHGt to dee

iy concentsate duniight to Poodu ce heat in dolaas

fUrnaces
USes of Convex Mirror
mior in vehicles
Reay-vied
Paxcing lots, adhasp turns

ion Convention for Keflection by phencal Mirror

o th left of he
the mirror
i)The object is aluoays placed
axis are mcasu red
o tha Principal
i) All diStance rarallel
miyror.
trom th Pole
Of tha
to the 1ght of the
ii Al the distances measuved
hile those
are taKen as oSiive
O1gin CPole) are
o the Left Of th ongin Pole)
meau ed
taken as negative

iv) Distances measured Pespendicular to and above the

Prinipal oxis are taken a Posi+hve.

to and belou tthe

h
Distanc measu ved Perpendicwlar
ave taKen as negatvVe
Pinipalaxis

Concave
-Ve
Convex
--U
hot
hot
- +ve f
C +R -

-R-
hi-

-V-

distance of objech from mirYoy (Pole)

Vds tance of image krom mirror Pole)
 omulae. O<m : Diminished
m- dame Size
Miror tomula ml Enlasqed
Height of imaqe
Magnification Heignt of object +ve ETect +
m
hi virtual
m:
ho -ve Tnvested t
Real
m :

Refraction o Light
it Passed from
change
The change in direchion of light when
Called
one medium to another obliquely, i6
Sefraction of ught

Normal

7Incident Kay Anqle o£

Incidence

Poin+ o
Tncidence
A n g i e

Of

ReFracion

Kefracitd Kay
 Lauws of Ketyaction
lie on ame
Tncident+ ray, normal and refracted vay a
Plane
TatiO Of dine of angle of incidence to the Sine Of
i THe
Tefraction i9 conStant for a given Pair
angie of
of medica (Atso Known as dnell's laoof refraction)

Sini ConSBant
Sin
Medium: Cand
and Speed
OF li
ght S
of ight S

Which hab lea dengity

Rarer Medium:
more ight is
opeed of
dengity and dpeed
Ot
h
Jenser Medium which has more

ASer

rom denger to rarer medium

Kefsaction when light Passes
from Normal
bendS away
TR Nosma

hlcs
Denser

Air T-R.
Rarer
Refaction, when light Posses from rerer to denser medium
Bends towards nomal

Air (sare

las LD ense T

Ra
Ref oction lab
thougha ectangUlar btlas

N
T Lncident Kay
Roy
RR Refveched Raay
eR Ermerqent Roy
d Lateral displacemen
tlass
Li ang1e of incidence
L angle of set Tachion
Le:
angle of emeygcha
*Li= Le

Le
NO Unit)

TCefractive Tndey n
The voHO Of the dpetd of light n Vacuvm to t h
the
aspeed of in a mediumn is Called th
light
efrechive TndeX
peed of lightt in vacuum 3x10°m|s ),

peed of light in given medum

Vm
When medium L is VaCvUm or air hen the ref ractive
index of medium2 is Congidercd with Tespect
tb VacwUm This ig Called +thR albsolutee ref ractive indey

When medium i 9 Not air oY vacuum, then the refseuctive

indey Of medium 2 is Con Side red Oth TCSPect
tomedium This is tailed the Yelative refyachve

inde.

Air

n V
Absolu te
refractive indeyx

ny, Vy
Pheical Lenses Relatve
efractive
HtransParent matenal bound by indey
by
tuoo pheres
Convex lens

*Optical Cent+re: Centre of Jens

R ocus LA/E): Point
R-
whe re
Paxis cflectedSays mel+
F 2 01 aPPear to mect
Foca Lengh: Distance between
focos and opi cal
Centre
*9 Tie of focal
length (
 Concave lens

R4) H RL20)
2 26

Nature: Diverging lens)

Convey 1ens (lonvesg ing lens) Contave lens

2 2
2
after
The Yays fall» on onvex lens
Tefsaction meet at one Ppint li) y
The rayS fall on
on
o it is lens Concave lens after refracHa
conver gin
appears+o meet at One
in
PointF) ond divege
that di racHor 0, it
15 diverging lens

Kules oF obtain image Tom Convex lens

1 Tncident Koy Coming arollel to P.axis after efraction
Yasses hsough 4oUS

9,
2 Thciden+ Ray Coming from focuS after refracHon becomes
Parallel to P.axis.

3. Tncident Kay Oming from oes 2Haight.

Rules Of obtain image Yom Con cave lens

Incident Kay Coming Parallel to P.axis diverge buU+ apPcars

10 Pas through focus

26 e 22

2 Inciden+ Ray appears t Coming towards ta

after ret vaction becomes asalled to P.CxiS
kIG;|

Coming from goes dtvaight

3 Incid ent Kay

2f 26
mage form ation (omvey lens
*Pasition of the image: atFa
A+ infinity
Nature Keal, Inverted,
Highly diminished
2

Between infinity and 2fL

Position of hP image

Behween F2. and 2f

NatUTe: Real , Tnverted,
DiminiShed

sition of he image: At 2f2

.A 2
* Nature adame dize, Yeal,
Tnverted.

2f
 Bchween 2and F
PoGition of th
imege
Fetween 2f2 and
mfinity
2 2f2 *NatUYe: Real, invested
enlagc

At f of h Image
* Position
at infinity
26 22 *Nature Real highly enlaged,
inverted
 Betuoeen fi and O

*Posiion mage On h
ame ide o
Objec+
* Nature:
2 2F2 Enlarge, virtua
elact

maqe Foimation Concave lens

A+ inhnity
*Position of image A F
* Nature: vi¥tUal ,
Point Sized, eYect

Object a+ a finite distante

Positon of imaqe: Behween fi
and o

*Nature: Viftua) , Prect

2 Dimin ished
 ign Convenhion dovmulae
also, In (onvey
mirYo YSs
ign ConvenHon ame Cs tha+ for
1S
-ve
in convex lens
Lens focal length We

Jomulae N
* m= hi
ho
m

Touwex ot he lens
to converge or diverge liqht Yays i
Ability of a lens
of the lens
Called Power

Powes ofor Convex lens: Ve

S I Unite Diapter D) *Pooer for Concave lens-Ve

1m