Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY

University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 72A
(INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING)

PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN

ABRIOL, Kailha Mae B.

CABUTOTAN, Raizah B.
VALDEHUEZA, Shiella May M.

DIOMEDES T. GABULE JR.

1st Semester
SY 2023 – 2024
INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES v

I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Piping System of Grand Meadows Executive Village Water 1
Supply System

II. DESIGN DATA 2

2.1 Coefficient of Friction 2
2.2 K Factor 2
2.3 Friction Head Loss 2
2.4 Darcy Weisbach Equation 2
2.5 Fluid Properties 2
2.6 System Specifications 2
2.7 Material Properties 2

III. CALCULATION 5
3.1 Loop 1 Iteration 6
3.2 Loop 2 Iteration 8
3.3 Loop 3 Iteration 11
3.4 Loop 4 Iteration 13
3.5 Loop 5 Iteration 15
3.6 Loop 6 Iteration 17
3.7 Loop 7 Iteration 19
3.8 Loop 8 Iteration 21
3.9 Loop 9 Iteration 23
3.10 Loop 10 Iteration 25
3.11 Loop 11 Iteration 27
3.12 Loop 12 Iteration 29
3.13 Loop 13 Iteration 31
3.14 Loop 14 Iteration 33
3.15 Loop 15 Iteration 34
3.16 Loop 16 Iteration 36
3.17 Loop 17 Iteration 38
3.18 Loop 18 Iteration 39
3.19 Loop 19 Iteration 42
3.20 Loop 20 Iteration 43
3.21 Loop 21 Iteration 45
3.22 ∆ Pressure 47

IV. DETAILED PLAN 54

V. REFERENCES 58

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 ii

 LIST OF TABLES

TITLE PAGE

Table 1 Pipeline Details 3

Table 2 Junction Demands 5
Table 3 Loop 1 Details 6
Table 4 Loop 2 Details 8
Table 5 Loop 3 Details 11
Table 6 Loop 4 Details 13
Table 7 Loop 5 Details 15
Table 8 Loop 6 Details 17
Table 9 Loop 7 Details 19
Table 10 Loop 8 Details 21
Table 11 Loop 9 Details 23
Table 12 Loop 10 Details 25
Table 13 Loop 11 Details 27
Table 14 Loop 12 Details 29
Table 15 Loop 13 Details 31
Table 16 Loop 14 Details 33
Table 17 Loop 15 Details 34
Table 18 Loop 16 Details 36
Table 19 Loop 17 Details 38
Table 20 Loop 18 Details 39
Table 21 Loop 19 Details 42
Table 22 Loop 20 Details 43
Table 23 Loop 21 Details 45
Table 24 ∆P And Final Pipeline Details 52

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 iii

 LIST OF FIGURES

TITLE PAGE

Figure 1 Aerial View of Grand Meadows Executive Village 54

Figure 2 Piping System Plan of Grand Meadows Executive 54
Village
Figure 3 Isometric View of Piping System of the Grand 55
Meadows Executive Village
Figure 4 Flow Direction of Grand Meadows Executive Village 56
Figure 5 Pipeline System Design of Grand Meadows Executive 57
Village

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 iv

 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Piping System of Grand Meadows Executive Village Water Supply System

The piping system is a collection of pipes, along with fittings and valves, designed for a specific
purpose—namely, the conveyance or transfer of fluids between different pieces of equipment. An
everyday illustration of a piping system is the plumbing network that delivers water in a residential setting
(Amin,2012).

Batangan is a barangay situated within the city of Valencia, located in the province of Bukidnon.
As of the 2020 Census, its population was recorded at 14,276, constituting 6.59% of Valencia's overall
population (PhilAtlas,2023). And Grand Meadows Executive Village comprises Phase 1 and Phase 2 with
a total of 572 households (Mapcarta, 2023). Based on the average household size of the Philippines,
there is 4.1 persons per household (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2022). From this, it is estimated that
the population of Grand Meadows Executive Village is 2,288 persons.

Prior to the reactivation of the Malabuaya Pump Station in August 2023, the Pinatilan Pump
Station is the only pump station that solely supplies the barangays across the Pulangi River. The
Malabuaya Pump Station was long-standing and abandoned since 2006. Throughout the years, the
Valencia City Water District (VCWD) has noticed that the flow rate of the water within the barangays of
the Pulangi River has declined.

That being the case, the VCWD has come up with a solution – to reactivate the Malabuaya Pump
Station. In June 22, 2023, the VCWD set out a Water Treatment Facility by reactivating the Malabuaya
Pump Station. The water district signed a contract with the partnership of Minadanao Laboratory Services
and MLS JC Construction Services. They aimed to install the water treatment facility and deep well
pumping equipment that will improve the water supply of Brgy. Kahaponan, Brgy. Batangan and part of
Brgy. Pinatilan. A water reserve of 250 cu. m. steel was built that helpedin the supply distribution.

On August 8, 2023, the Malabuaya Pump Station was reactivated and the VCWD conducted a
Blessing and Commissioning of the said station.

Based on the design provided by the Valencia City Water District (VCWD), the Malabuaya Pump
Station – which serves as the water supply for Grand Meadows Executive Village, has a water reserve
of only 250 cu. m., and is situated at a considerable distance from Grand Meadows. In light of this, the
proposed piping system design aims to incorporate a reservoir of sufficient capacity to fulfill the daily
water consumption requirements of each household in the area. This reservoir will be linked to Pump
Station 12 in Pinatilan, Valencia City. The designated title for this piping system design is "Piping System
of Grand Meadows Executive Village Water Supply System".

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 1

 DESIGN DATA

Coefficient of Friction Equation

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )]
𝜀

K factor Equation
𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5
Friction Head Loss Equation
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

Darcy Weisbach Equation

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ( 𝑄 )]

Fluid Properties
Fluid Type:
Designation: Potable Water
Fluid Temperature: 15.56°C (60°F)
Density: 1000 kg/m³

System Specifications
System Capacity:
Total Number of Water Junctions: 50
𝑚3
Peak Water Demand: 10 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ per household (Department of Food and Rural Affairs, 2013)

Material Properties
Material: PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Pipe Roughness Value for PVC
ε = 0.0015 mm

The pipes used are available in three distinct sizes: 6, 3, and 2. Each size is uniquely identified
by its corresponding color; specifically, pipe size 6 is designated with the color orange, size 3 is
associated with pink, and size 2 is represented by the color blue.

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 2

 Showed in the table below the tabulated summary of the data used in the design:

PIPE LENGTH DIAMETER Q 𝜖 f K

(𝑚) (𝑚) (𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝐷 (𝑠 /𝑚5 )
2

AB 216.25 0.1524 0.00231 0.0000098425 0.008038134601 1747.4356

BC 94.7 0.0508 0.00036 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 222374.2306
BD 23.23 0.0762 0.00187 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 6711.8440
CE 28.32 0.0762 0.00035 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8182.4977
EP 139.52 0.0762 0.00054 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 40311.5143
DE 107.84 0.0508 0.0002 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 253229.5357
DF 29.17 0.0762 0.00159 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8428.0882
FG 29.91 0.0762 0.00091 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8641.8965
GI 101.89 0.0508 0.00015 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 239257.7651
GH 71.8 0.0762 0.0007 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 20745.1744
FJ 62.39 0.0762 0.00063 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 18026.3430
JK 93.73 0.0508 0.00013 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 220096.4798
JL 27.55 0.0762 0.00042 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7960.0216
LM 95.18 0.0508 0.00009 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 223501.3650
LN 23.81 0.0762 0.00023 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 6879.4234
NQ 27.45 0.0762 0.00011 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7931.1286
NO 93.74 0.0508 0.00005 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 220119.9617
RQ 116.34 0.0508 -0.00006 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 273189.2079
QS 29.33 0.0762 0.00008 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8474.3171
TS 115.02 0.0508 -0.00006 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 270089.5882
SU 29.12 0.0762 0.00004 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8413.6417
VU 117.08 0.0508 -0.00006 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 274926.8735
TV 30.21 0.0762 -0.00007 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8728.5755
RT 19.27 0.0762 -0.00016 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 5567.6812
PR 26.26 0.0762 -0.00023 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7587.3019
PO 21.28 0.0508 0.00021 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 49969.6265
OM 20.45 0.0762 0.00024 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 5908.6186
MK 30.77 0.0762 0.00032 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8890.3763
KI 26.28 0.0762 0.00043 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7593.0805
IH 34.55 0.0762 0.00056 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 9982.5317
HW 243.17 0.0762 0.00123 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 70259.1093
WX 6.34 0.0508 0.0001 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 14887.5673
XY 40.2 0.0508 0.00005 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 94397.5087
YZ 147.16 0.0508 0.00003 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 345560.6312
XZ 114.77 0.0508 0.00005 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 269502.5390
aabb 19.95 0.0762 0.00112 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 5764.1536
bbll 288.1 0.0762 0.00035 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 83240.7345
bbcc 35.68 0.0762 0.00066 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 10309.0226
ccdd 104.89 0.0508 0.00012 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 246302.3553
ccee 36.16 0.0762 0.00051 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 10447.7090
eedd 68.76 0.0508 -0.00007 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 161462.0073
eegg 37.91 0.0762 0.00039 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 10953.3365
ddff 33.49 0.0508 0.00012 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 78641.1086
ggff 59.15 0.0508 -0.00003 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 138895.8367

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 3

 ggii 43.45 0.0762 0.00032 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 12554.0087
ffhh 35.32 0.0508 0.0001 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 82938.3086
hhii 48.07 0.0508 0.00006 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 112877.8169
Iijj 30.1 0.0762 0.00036 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 8696.7932
llkk 31.02 0.0508 0.00005 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 72841.0627
jjkk 48 0.0508 -0.00004 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 112713.4432
kkmm 84.36 0.0508 0.00003 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 198093.8764
jjmm 33.22 0.0762 0.00028 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 9598.2548
mmnn 31.65 0.0762 0.00028 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 9144.6347
lloo 64.27 0.0762 0.00024 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 18569.5314
oonn 88.25 0.0508 0.00002 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 207228.3617
ooww 137.27 0.0762 0.00014 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 39661.4218
nnpp 24.28 0.0762 0.00023 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7015.2205
ppqq 90.92 0.0508 0.00004 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 213498.0469
rrqq 67.13 0.0508 -0.00004 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 157634.4467
pprr 32.4 0.0762 0.00012 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 9361.3322
qqss 27.34 0.0508 0.00002 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 64199.6987
ttss 67.22 0.0508 -0.00004 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 157845.7844
rrtt 24.46 0.0762 0.00007 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7067.2279
ssuu 23.54 0.0508 0.00001 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 55276.5511
ttvv 26.42 0.0762 0.00001 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 7633.5307
vvuu 65.74 0.0508 -0.00005 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 154370.4532
wwvv 118.14 0.0762 -0.00006 0.0000196850 0.008981582683 34134.1908
Zxx 5.95 0.0508 0.00008 0.0000295276 0.009612545559 13971.7706
xxaa 48.48 0.1524 0.00112 0.0000098425 0.008038134601 391.7488
Wxx 125.61 0.1524 0.00104 0.0000098425 0.008038134601 1015.0076

Table 1: Pipeline Details

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 4

 CALCULATION

Demand Demand Demand Demand

PIPE PIPE
(𝑳/𝒔) (𝒎𝟑/𝒔) (𝑳/𝒔) (𝒎𝟑/𝒔)
A aa 0 0
B 0.076741 0.000076741 bb 0.113092 0.000113092
C 0.016156 0.000016156 cc 0.024234 0.000024234
D 0.076741 0.000076741 dd 0.072702 0.000072702
E 0.016156 0.000016156 ee 0.048468 0.000048468
F 0.052507 0.000052507 ff 0.048468 0.000048468
G 0.060585 0.000060585 gg 0.032312 0.000032312
H 0.028273 0.000028273 hh 0.048468 0.000048468
I 0.016156 0.000016156 ii 0.024234 0.000024234
J 0.076741 0.000076741 jj 0.036351 0.000036351
K 0.024234 0.000024234 kk 0.064624 0.000064624
L 0.088858 0.000088858 ll 0.052507 0.000052507
M 0.020195 0.000020195 mm 0.024234 0.000024234
N 0.076741 0.000076741 nn 0.072702 0.000072702
O 0.016156 0.000016156 oo 0.084819 0.000084819
P 0.088858 0.000088858 pp 0.068663 0.000068663
Q 0.096936 0.000096936 qq 0.052507 0.000052507
R 0.016156 0.000016156 rr 0.016156 0.000016156
S 0.092897 0.000092897 ss 0.056546 0.000056546
T 0.024234 0.000024234 tt 0.012117 0.000012117
U 0.100975 0.000100975 uu 0.056546 0.000056546
V 0.016156 0.000016156 vv 0.028273 0.000028273
W 0.084819 0.000084819 ww 0.08078 0.00008078
X 0.004039 0.000004039 xx 0 0
Y 0.020195 0.000020195
Z 0 0
Table 2: Junction Demands

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 5

SOLVING:

LEGEND:
Clockwise
Counterclockwise
Using New Q
Delta Q

LOOP 1
Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
BC 0.00036 222374.2306 0.028820 80.054723 0.000373
CE 0.00035 8182.4977 0.001002 2.863874 0.000363
BD 0.00187 6711.844 0.023471 12.551148 0.001883
DE 0.0002 253229.5357 0.010129 50.645907 0.000213

Table 3: Loop 1 Details

Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐵𝐶 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐶𝐸 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐵𝐷 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐷𝐸 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.009612545559 )(94.7𝑚)
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟒. 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟔 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 6

 ( 0.008981582683)(28.32𝑚)
𝐾𝐶𝐸 = = 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟕𝟕𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(23.23𝑚)
𝐾𝐵𝐷 = = 𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559 )(107.84𝑚)
𝐾𝐷𝐸 = = 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝐵𝐶 = (222374.2306 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00036 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟎 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝐶𝐸 = (8182.4977 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00035 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐵𝐷 = (6711.844 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00187 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟏 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐷𝐸 = (253229.5357 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.0002 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.028820 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟖𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟑 𝟐
𝑄 𝐵𝐶 0.00036 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

ℎ𝑓 0.001002 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟔𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟒
𝑄 𝐶𝐸 0.00035 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.023471 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟖
𝑄 𝐵𝐷 0.00187 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.010129 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟕
𝑄 𝐷𝐸 0.0002 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.028820 + 0.001002) 𝑚 − (0.023471 + 0.010129) 𝑚

∆𝑄 = s s
2 [(80.054723 + 2.863874) 2 + (12.551148 + 50.645907) 2 ]
𝑚 𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝐵𝐶: 0.00036 − (−0.000012927) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 7

 𝐶𝐸: 0.00035 − (−0.000012927) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐵𝐷: 0.00187 + (−0.000012927) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐷𝐸: 0.0002 + (−0.000012927) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 2

Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
DE 0.000187 253229.5357 0.008855 47.353923 0.000337
EP 0.00054 40311.5143 0.011755 21.768218 0.000690
PO 0.00021 49969.6265 0.002204 10.493622 0.000360
OM 0.00024 5908.6186 0.000340 1.418068 0.000390
MK 0.00032 8890.3763 0.000910 2.844920 0.000470
KI 0.00043 7593.0805 0.001404 3.265025 0.000580
IH 0.00056 9982.5317 0.003131 5.590218 0.000710
DF 0.00159 8428.0882 0.021307 13.400660 0.001440
FG 0.00091 8641.8965 0.007156 7.864126 0.000760
GH 0.0007 20745.1744 0.010165 14.521622 0.000550

Table 4: Loop 2 Details

Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐷𝐸 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐸𝑃 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑃𝑂 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑂𝑀 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑀𝐾 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐾𝐼 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐼𝐻 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

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 76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐷𝐹 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐹𝐺 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐺𝐻 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.009612545559 )(107.84𝑚)
𝐾𝐷𝐸 = = 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

( 0.008981582683)(139.52𝑚)
𝐾𝐸𝑃 = = 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.009612545559)(21.28𝑚)
𝐾𝑃𝑂 = = 𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

( 0.008981582683)(20.45𝑚)
𝐾𝑂𝑀 = = 𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟖. 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.008981582683)(30.77𝑚)
𝐾𝑀𝐾 = = 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.008981582683)(26.28𝑚)
𝐾𝐾𝐼 = = 𝟕𝟓𝟗𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.008981582683)(34.55𝑚)
𝐾𝐼𝐻 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(29.17𝑚)
𝐾𝐷𝐹 = = 𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟖. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟐 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683 )(29.91𝑚)
𝐾𝐹𝐺 = = 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟔𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(71.8 𝑚)
𝐾𝐺𝐻 = = 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

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 ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝐷𝐸 = (253229.5357 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000187 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟓 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝐸𝑃 = (40311.5143 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00054 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟓 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑃𝑂 = (49969.6265 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00021 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑂𝑀 = (5908.6186 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00024 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑀𝐾 = (8890.3763 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00032 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟎 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐾𝐼 = (7593.0805 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00043 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐼𝐻 = (9982.5317 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00056 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏 𝐦
ℎ𝐷𝐹 = (8428.0882 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00159 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐹𝐺 = (8641.8965 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00091 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐷𝐸 = (20745.1744 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.0007 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.008855𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟑
𝑄 𝐷𝐸 0.000187 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.011755 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟐𝟏. 𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟏𝟖 𝟐
𝑄 𝐸𝑃 0.00054 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.002204 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝟐
𝑄 𝑃𝑂 0.00021 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.000340 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟖 𝟐
𝑄 𝑂𝑀 0.00024 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.000910 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟐. 𝟖𝟒𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟎 𝟐
𝑄 𝑀𝐾 0.00032 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.001404 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟑. 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝟐
𝑄 𝐾𝐼 0.00043 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.003131 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟓. 𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟖 𝟐
𝑄 𝐼𝐻 0.00056 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.021307 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟎 𝟐
𝑄 𝐷𝐹 0.00159 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.007156 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟕. 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟐
𝑄 𝐹𝐺 0.00091 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.010165 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝟐
𝑄 𝐺𝐻 0.0007 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

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 (0.008855 + 0.011755 + 0.002204 + 0.000340 + 0.000910 + 0.001404 + 0.003131) 𝑚 −
(0.021307 + 0.007156 + 0.010165) 𝑚
∆𝑄 = s
(47.353923 + 21.768218 + 10.493622 + 1.418068 + 2.844920 + 3.265025 + 5.590218) 2 +
2[ 𝑚 ]
s
(13.400660 + 7.864126 + 14.521622) 2
𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝐷𝐸: 0.000187 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐸𝑃: 0.00054 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑃𝑂: 0.00021 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑂𝑀: 0.00024 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑀𝐾: 0.00032 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟕𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐾𝐼: 0.00043 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐼𝐻: 0.00056 − (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐷𝐹: 0.00159 + (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐹𝐺: 0.00091 + (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐺𝐻: 0.0007 + (−0.0001502817419) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 3
Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
GH 0.00055 20745.1744 0.006275 11.409846 0.000588
GI 0.00015 239257.7651 0.005383 35.888665 0.000188
IH 0.00071 253229.5357 0.010129 50.645907 0.000672
Table 5: Loop 3 Details

Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐺𝐻 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐺𝐼 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

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 76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐼𝐻 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
0.0015 𝑚𝑚

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

( 0.008981582683)(71.8𝑚)
𝐾𝐺𝐻 = = 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559 )(101.89𝑚)
𝐾𝐺𝐼 = = 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟓𝟕. 𝟕𝟔𝟓𝟏 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(34.55𝑚)
𝐾𝐼𝐻 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝐺𝐻 = (20745.1744 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00055 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝐺𝐼 = (239257.7651 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00015 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟑 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐼𝐻 = (9982.5317 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00071 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟑𝟐 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.006275 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟒𝟔 𝟐
𝑄 𝐺𝐻 0.00055 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.005383 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟓
𝑄 𝐺𝐼 0.00015 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.005032 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟗𝟖
𝑄 𝐼𝐻 0.00071 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.006275) 𝑚 − (0.005383 + 0.005032) 𝑚

∆𝑄 = s s
2 [(11.409846) 2 + (35.888665 + 7.087598) 2 ]
𝑚 𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

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 New Q

𝐺𝐻: 0.00055 − (−0.00003806191348) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐺𝐼: 0.00015 + (−0.00003806191348) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐼𝐻: 0.00071 + (−0.00003806191348) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟐 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 4
Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
FG 0.00076 8641.8965 0.004992 6.567841 0.000794
GH 0.000588 20745.1744 0.007173 12.198163 0.000622
FJ 0.00063 18026.343 0.007155 11.356596 0.000596
JK 0.00013 220096.4798 0.003720 28.612542 0.000096
KI 0.00043 7593.0805 0.001404 3.265025 0.000396
IH 0.000672 9982.5317 0.004508 6.708261 0.000638
Table 6: Loop 4 Details

Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐹𝐺 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐺𝐻 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐹𝐽 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐽𝐾 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
0.0015 𝑚𝑚

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐾𝐼 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
0.0015 𝑚𝑚

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐼𝐻 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
0.0015 𝑚𝑚

Solving for K,

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 𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

( 0.008981582683)(29.1𝑚)
𝐾𝐹𝐺 = = 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟏. 𝟖𝟗𝟔𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.008981582683)(71.8𝑚)
𝐾𝐺𝐻 = = 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(62.39𝑚)
𝐾𝐹𝐽 = = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟐𝟔. 𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟎 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559 )(93.73𝑚)
𝐾𝐽𝐾 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔. 𝟒𝟕𝟗𝟖 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(26.28𝑚)
𝐾𝐾𝐼 = = 𝟕𝟓𝟗𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(34.55𝑚)
𝐾𝐼𝐻 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝐹𝐺 = (8641.8965 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00076 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟐 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝐺𝐻 = (20745.1744 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000588 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟑 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐹𝐽 = (18026.343 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00063 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟓𝟓 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐽𝐾 = (220096.4798 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00013 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐾𝐼 = (7593.0805 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00043 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐼𝐻 = (9982.5317 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000672 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟖 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.004992 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝟐
𝑄 𝐹𝐺 0.00076 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.007173 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟔𝟑 𝟐
𝑄 𝐺𝐻 0.000588 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.007155 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟗𝟔 𝟐
𝑄 𝐹𝐽 0.00063 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

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 ℎ𝑓 0.003720 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟐
𝑄 𝐽𝐾 0.00013 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐

ℎ𝑓 0.001404 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟑. 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝟐
𝑄 𝐾𝐼 0.00043 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.004508 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟔. 𝟕𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟏 𝟐
𝑄 𝐼𝐻 0.000672 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

∆𝑄
(0.004992 + 0.007173) 𝑚 − (0.007155 + 0.003720 + 0.001404 + 0.004508) 𝑚
= s s
2 [(6.567841 + 12.198163) 2 + (11.356596 + 28.612542 + 3.265025 + 6.708261) 2 ]
𝑚 𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟓𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝐹𝐺: 0.00076 − (−0.00003363575143) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐺𝐻: 0.000588 − (−0.00003363575143) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐹𝐽: 0.00063 + (−0.00003363575143) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐽𝐾: 0.00013 + (−0.00003363575143) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐾𝐼: 0.00043 + (−0.00003363575143) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐼𝐻: 0.000672 + (−0.00003363575143) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 5
Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
JK 0.000096 220096.4798 0.002028 21.129262 0.000128
JL 0.00042 7960.0216 0.001404 3.343209 0.000388
LM 0.00009 223501.365 0.001810 20.115123 0.000058
MK 0.00047 8890.3763 0.001964 4.178477 0.000438
Table 7: Loop 5 Details

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Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐽𝐾 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐽𝐿 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐿𝑀 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑀𝐾 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
0.0015 𝑚𝑚

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.009612545559)(93.73𝑚)
𝐾𝐽𝐾 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔. 𝟒𝟕𝟗𝟖 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(27.55𝑚)
𝐾𝐽𝐿 = = 𝟕𝟗𝟔𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559 )(95.18𝑚)
𝐾𝐿𝑀 = 5
= 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟎 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)

(0.008981582683)(30.77𝑚)
𝐾𝑀𝐾 = 5
= 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝐽𝐾 = (220096.4798 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000096 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝐽𝐿 = (7960.0216 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00042 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐿𝑀 = (223501.365 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00009 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑀𝐾 = (8890.3763 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00047 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟒 𝐦

Thus,

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 ℎ𝑓 0.002028 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟐
𝑄 𝐽𝐾 0.000096 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.001404 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟗
𝑄 𝐽𝐿 0.00042 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.001810 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝟐
𝑄 𝐿𝑀 0.00009 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎
ℎ𝑓 0.001964 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟕 𝟐
𝑄 𝑀𝐾 0.00047 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.002028) 𝑚 − (0.001404 + 0.001810 + 0.001964) 𝑚

∆𝑄 = s s
2 [(21.129262) 2 + (3.343209 + 20.115123 + 4.178477) 2 ]
𝑚 𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟓𝟔 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝐽𝐾: 0.000096 − (−0.00003229687956) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐽𝐿: 0.00042 + (−0.00003229687956) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐿𝑀: 0.00009 + (−0.00003229687956) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑀𝐾: 0.00047 + (− 0.00003229687956) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 6
Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
LM 0.000058 223501.365 0.000752 12.963079 0.000057
NO 0.00005 220119.9617 0.000550 11.005998 0.000049
LN 0.00023 6879.4234 0.000364 1.582267 0.000231
OM 0.00039 5908.6186 0.000899 2.304361 0.000391
Table 8: Loop 6 Details

Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

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 50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐿𝑀 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑁𝑂 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝐿𝑁 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑂𝑀 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.009612545559 )(95.18𝑚)
𝐾𝐿𝑀 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟎 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

( 0.009612545559)(93.74𝑚)
𝐾𝑁𝑂 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟕𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(23.81𝑚)
𝐾𝐿𝑁 = = 𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟗. 𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(20.45𝑚)
𝐾𝑂𝑀 = = 𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟖. 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝐿𝑀 = (223501.365 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000058 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟐 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝑁𝑂 = (220119.9617 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00005 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟎 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝐿𝑁 = (6879.4234 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00023 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑂𝑀 = (5908.6186 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00039 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟗 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.000752 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟕𝟗
𝑄 𝐿𝑀 0.000058 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐

ℎ𝑓 0.000550 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟖 𝟐
𝑄 𝑁𝑂 0.00005 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

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 ℎ𝑓 0.000364 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟕
𝑄 𝐿𝑁 0.00023 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.000899 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟔𝟏 𝟐
𝑄 𝑂𝑀 0.00039 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.000752 + 0.000550) 𝑚 − (0.000364 + 0.000899) 𝑚

∆𝑄 = s s
2 [(12.963079 + 11.005998) 2 + (1.582267 + 2.304361) 2 ]
𝑚 𝑚

∆𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝐿𝑀: 0.000058 − 0.0000007096590793 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑁𝑂: 0.00005 − 0.0000007096590793 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝐿𝑁: 0.00023 + 0.0000007096590793 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑂𝑀: 0.00039 + 0.0000007096590793 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 7
Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
PR 0.00023 7587.3019 0.0004013682705 1.745079437 0.000279
RQ 0.00006 273189.2079 0.0009834811484 16.39135247 0.000109
NO 0.000049 220119.9617 0.000528508028 10.78587812 0.000098
NQ 0.00011 7931.1286 0.00009596665606 0.872424146 0.000061
PO 0.00036 49969.6265 0.006476063594 17.98906554 0.000311
Table 9: Loop 7 Details

Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑃𝑅 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

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 50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑅𝑄 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑁𝑂 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑁𝑄 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑃𝑂 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.008981582683)(26.26𝑚)
𝐾𝑃𝑅 = = 𝟕𝟓𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟗 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559)(116.34𝑚)
𝐾𝑅𝑄 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟗 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.009612545559)(93.74𝑚)
𝐾𝑁𝑂 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟕𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(27.45𝑚)
𝐾𝑁𝑄 = = 𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559)(21.28𝑚)
𝐾𝑃𝑂 = 5
= 𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝑃𝑅 = (7587.3019 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00023 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝑅𝑄 = (273189.2079 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00006 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑁𝑂 = (220119.9617 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000049 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑁𝑄 = (7931.1286 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00011 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑃𝑂 = (49969.6265 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00036 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟒 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.0004013682705 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟕 𝟐
𝑄 𝑃𝑅 0.00023 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

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 ℎ𝑓 0.0009834811484 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟐𝟒𝟕
𝑄 𝑅𝑄 0.00006 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.000528508028 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟐
𝑄 𝑁𝑂 0.000049 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.00009596665606 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟔
𝑄 𝑁𝑄 0.00011 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.006476063594 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟏𝟕. 𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟓𝟒 𝟐
𝑄 𝑃𝑂 0.00036 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.0004013682705 + 0.0009834811484 + 0.000528508028) 𝑚 −

(0.00009596665606 + 0.006476063594) 𝑚
∆𝑄 = s
(1.745079437 + 16.39135247 + 10.78587812) 2 +
2[ 𝑚 ]
s
(0.872424146 + 17.98906554) 2
𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝑃𝑅: 0.00023 − (−0.00004874740844) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑅𝑄: 0.00006 − (−0.00004874740844) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑁𝑂: 0.000049 − (−0.00004874740844) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑁𝑄: 0.00011 + (−0.00004874740844) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑃𝑂: 0.00036 + (−0.00004874740844) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 8

Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
RT 0.00016 5567.6812 0.0001425326387 0.890828992 0.000183
TS 0.00006 270089.5882 0.0009723225175 16.20537529 0.000083
QS 0.00008 8474.3171 0.00005423562944 0.677945368 0.000057
RQ 0.000109 273189.2079 0.003127743241 29.23124525 0.000086
Table 10: Loop 8 Details

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Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑅𝑇 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑇𝑆 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑄𝑆 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑅𝑄 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.008981582683)(19.27𝑚)
𝐾𝑅𝑇 = = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟕. 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.009612545559)(115.02𝑚)
𝐾𝑇𝑆 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟐𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.008981582683)(29.33𝑚)
𝐾𝑄𝑆 = = 𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟏 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

(0.009612545559)(116.34𝑚)
𝐾𝑅𝑄 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟗. 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟗 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝑅𝑇 = (5567.6812 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00016 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟑𝟖𝟕 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝑇𝑆 = (270089.5882 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00006 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑄𝑆 = (8474.3171 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00008 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟒 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑅𝑄 = (273189.2079 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000109 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟗 𝐦

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Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.0001425326387 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟖𝟗𝟗𝟐 𝟐
𝑄 𝑅𝑆 0.00016 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

ℎ𝑓 0.0009723225175 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟐𝟗
𝑄 𝑇𝑆 0.00006 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.00005423562944 𝑚 𝐬
= = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟕𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟔𝟖
𝑄 𝑄𝑆 0.00008 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝒎𝟐
ℎ𝑓 0.003245760979 𝑚 𝐬
= 3
= 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝟐
𝑄 𝑅𝑄 0.000109 𝑚 /𝑠 𝒎

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.0001425326387 + 0.0009723225175) 𝑚
−(0.00005423562944 + 0.003245760979) 𝑚
∆𝑄 = s
(0.890828992 + 16.20537529) 2
2[ 𝑚
s ]
+(0.677945368 + 29.77762366) 2
𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟕𝟔𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝑅𝑇: 0.00016 − (−0.00002297644546) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑇𝑆: 0.00006 − (−0.00002297644546) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑄𝑆: 0.00008 + (−0.00002297644546) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑅𝑄: 0.000109 + (−0.00002297644546) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 9

Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
TV 0.00007 8728.5755 0.00004277001995 0.611000285 0.000081
VU 0.00006 274926.8735 0.0009897367446 16.49561241 0.000071
SU 0.00004 8413.6417 0.00001346182672 0.336545668 0.000029
RQ 0.000083 270089.5882 0.001860647173 22.41743582 0.000072
Table 11: Loop 9 Details

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Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑇𝑉 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑉𝑈 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑆𝑈 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑇𝑆 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.008981582683)(30.21𝑚)
𝐾𝑇𝑉 = = 𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟓𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)5

( 0.009612545559)(117.08𝑚)
𝐾𝑉𝑈 = 5
= 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟓 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)

(0.008981582683)(29.12𝑚)
𝐾𝑆𝑈 = 5
= 𝟖𝟒𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0762𝑚)

(0.009612545559)(115.02𝑚)
𝐾𝑇𝑆 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟐 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝑇𝑉 = (8728.5755 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00007 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟕𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟓 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝑉𝑈 = (274926.8735 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00006 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟔 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑆𝑈 = (8413.6417 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00004 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟕𝟐 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑇𝑆 = (270089.5882 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.000083 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟑 𝐦

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Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.00004277001995 𝑚 s
= 3
= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟓 2
𝑄 𝑇𝑉 0.00007 𝑚 /𝑠 𝑚

ℎ𝑓 0.0009897367446 𝑚 s
= = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟏
𝑄 𝑉𝑈 0.00006 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑚2
ℎ𝑓 0.00001346182672 𝑚 s
= = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟔𝟖
𝑄 𝑆𝑈 0.00004 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑚2
ℎ𝑓 0.001860647173 𝑚 s
= = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟑𝟓𝟖𝟐
𝑄 𝑇𝑆 0.000083 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑚2

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.00004277001995 + 0.0009897367446)𝑚
−(0.00001346182672 + 0.001860647173) 𝑚
∆𝑄 = s
(0.611000285 + 16.49561241) 2
2[ 𝑚
s ]
+(0.336545668 + 22.41743582) 2
𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝑇𝑉: 0.00007 − (− 0.00001055681999) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑉𝑈: 0.00006 − (−0.0000105568199𝟗) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑆𝑈: 0.00004 + (−0.00001055681999) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑇𝑆: 0.000083 + (−0.00001055681999) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 10

Pipe Q K hf ℎ𝑓
(s/m2) New Q
(𝑚3 /𝑠) 𝑠2 (𝑚) 𝑞
( 5)
𝑚
XY 0.00005 94397.5087 0.0002359937718 4.719875435 0.000052
YZ 0.00003 345560.6312 0.0003110045681 10.36681894 0.000032
XZ 0.00005 269502.539 0.0006737563475 13.47512695 0.000048
Table 12: Loop 10 Details

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Solving for f,

𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( )]
𝜀

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑋𝑌 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑌𝑍 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑋𝑍 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,

𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷5

(0.009612545559)(40.2𝑚)
𝐾𝑋𝑌 = = 𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟕 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

( 0.009612545559 )(147.16𝑚)
𝐾𝑌𝑍 = = 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

(0.009612545559 )(114.77𝑚)
𝐾𝑋𝑍 = = 𝟐𝟔𝟗𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟗 𝒔𝟐 /𝒎𝟓
12.10(0.0508𝑚)5

ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

ℎ𝑓𝑋𝑌 = (94397.5087 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00005 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟏8 𝐦

ℎ𝑓𝑌𝑍 = (345560.6312 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00003 𝑚3 /𝑠)2
= 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟖𝟏 𝐦
ℎ𝑓𝑋𝑍 = (269502.539 𝑠 2 /𝑚5 )(0.00005 𝑚3 /𝑠)2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟓 𝐦

Thus,

ℎ𝑓 0.0002359937718 𝑚 s
= = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟒𝟑𝟓
𝑄 𝑋𝑌 0.00005 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑚2

ℎ𝑓 0.0003110045681 𝑚 s
= 3
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟒 2
𝑄 𝑌𝑍 0.00003 𝑚 /𝑠 𝑚

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 ℎ𝑓 0.0006737563475 𝑚 s
= = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟗𝟓
𝑄 𝑋𝑍 0.00005 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑚2

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

∆𝑄
(0.0002359937718 + 0.0003110045681)𝑚 − (0.0006737563475)
= s
2 [(4.719875435 + 10.36681894) + (13.47512695) 2 ]
𝑚

∆𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

New Q

𝑋𝑌: 0.00005 − (− 0.000002219011285) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑌𝑍: 0.00003 − (−0.000002219011285) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

𝑋𝑍: 0.00005 + (−0.000002219011285) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

LOOP 11:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
WX 0.0001 14887.5673 0.000149 1.488757 0.000107
XZ 0.000048 269502.539 0.000621 12.936122 0.000055
Zxx 0.00008 13971.7706 0.000089 1.117742 0.000087
(Wxx) 0.00104 1015.0076 0.001098 1.055608 0.001033
Table 13: Loop 11 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑊𝑋 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑋𝑍 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑍𝑥𝑥 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
152.4 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑊𝑥𝑥 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟏

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Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.009612545559)(6.34 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑊𝑋 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(114.77 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑋𝑍 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟐𝟔𝟗𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(5.95 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑍𝑥𝑥 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝟓
(0.008038134601)(125.61 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑊𝑥𝑥 = (12.10)(0.1524 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑊𝑋 = (14887.5673 ) (0.0001 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑋𝑍 = (269502.539 ) (0.000048 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟏 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑍𝑥𝑥 = (13971.7706 ) (0.00008 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑊𝑥𝑥 = (1015.0076 ) (0.00104 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000149 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟕
𝑄 𝑊𝑋 0.0001 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000621 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟐
𝑄 𝑋𝑍 0.000048 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000089 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟒𝟐
𝑄 𝑍𝑥𝑥 0.00008 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001098 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟖
𝑄 𝑊𝑥𝑥 0.00104 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]
(0.000149 + 0.000621 + 0.000089) − (0.001098)
∆𝑄 =
2[(1.488757 + 12.936122 + 1.117742) + (1.055608)]
𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟕
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑊𝑋: (0.0001 ) − (−0.000007187615547 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟕
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑋𝑍: (0.000048 ) − (— 0.000007187615547 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

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 𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑍𝑥𝑥: (0.00008 ) − (— 0.000007187615547 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟕
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑊𝑥𝑥: (0.00104 ) + (— 0.000007187615547 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟑
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 12:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
bbcc 0.00066 10309.0226 0.004491 6.803955 0.000506
ccee 0.00051 10447.709 0.002717 5.328332 0.000356
eegg 0.00039 10953.3365 0.001666 4.271801 0.000236
ggii 0.00032 12554.0087 0.001286 4.017283 0.000166
iijj 0.00036 8696.7932 0.001127 3.130846 0.000206
(jjkk) 0.00004 112713.4432 0.000180 4.508538 0.000194
(bbll) 0.00004 83240.7345 0.000133 0.336546 0.000194
(llkk) 0.000082 72841.0627 0.000490 5.972967 0.000236
Table 14: Loop 12 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(35.68 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟔 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(36.16 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟕. 𝟕𝟎𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(37.91 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(43.45 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝟓

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 (0.008981582683)(30.1 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟖𝟔𝟗𝟔. 𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(48 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(288.1 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(31.02 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 = (10309.0226 ) (0.00066 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟗𝟏 𝒎
𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = (10447.709 ) (0.00051 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 = (10953.3365 ) (0.00039 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = (12554.0087 ) (0.00032 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 = (8696.7932 ) (0.00036 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (112713.4432 ) (0.00004 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = (83240.7345 ) (0.00004 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = (72841.0627 ) (0.000082 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.004491 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟔. 𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟓
𝑄 𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 0.00066 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.002717 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟓. 𝟑𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟐
𝑄 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 0.00051 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001666 𝑚 𝒔
𝑄 𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
0.00039
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001286 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖𝟑
𝑄 𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 0.00032 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001127 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟒𝟔
𝑄 𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 0.00036 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000180 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟑𝟖
𝑄 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 0.00004 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000133 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟐𝟗
𝑄 𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 0.00004 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000490 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟓. 𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟕
𝑄 𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 0.000082 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 30

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,
∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]
(0.004491 + 0.002717 + 0.001666 + 0.001286 + 0.001127) −
(0.000180 + 0.000133 + 0.000490)
∆𝑄 =
(6.803955 + 5.328332 + 4.271801 + 4.017283 + 3.130846) +
2[ ]
(4.508538 + 3.329629 + 5.972967)
𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟗𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟑 𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐: (0.00066 ) − (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒: (0.00051 ) − (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔: (0.00039 ) − (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖: (0.00032 ) − (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗: (0.00036 ) − (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘: (0.00004 ) + (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙: (0.00004 ) + (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘: (0.000082 ) + (0.0001402897043 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 13:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
ccee 0.00037 10447.709 0.001430 3.865652 0.000385
eedd 0.00007 161462.0073 0.000791 11.302341 0.000085
(ccdd) 0.00012 246302.3553 0.003547 29.556283 0.000105
Table 15: Loop 13 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 31

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(36.16 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟕. 𝟕𝟎𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(68.76 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(104.89 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟐. 𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = (10447.709 ) (0.00037 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = (161462.0073 ) (0.00007 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟏 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 = (246302.3553 ) (0.00012 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.001430 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟑. 𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟐
𝑄 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 0.00037 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000791 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟏
𝑄 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 0.00007 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.003547 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐𝟗. 𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟑
𝑄 𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 0.00012 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]
(0.001430 + 0.000791) − (0.003547)
∆𝑄 =
2[(3.865652 + 11.302341) + (29.556283)]
𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟕
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒: (0.00037 ) − (−0.00001481632407 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑: (0.00007 ) − (−0.00001481632407 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑: (0.00012 ) + (−0.00001481632407 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 32

LOOP 14:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
eegg 0.00025 10953.3365 0.000685 2.738334 0.000275
ggff 0.00003 138895.8367 0.000125 4.166875 0.000055
(eedd) 0.000085 161462.0073 0.001167 13.724271 0.000060
(ddff) 0.00012 78641.1086 0.001132 9.436933 0.000095
Table 16: Loop 14 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(37.91 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(59.15 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(68.76 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(33.49 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 = (10953.3365 5 ) (0.00025
) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟓 𝒎
𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 𝑚 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = (138895.8367 ) (0.00003 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = (161462.0073 ) (0.000085 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 = (78641.1086 ) (0.00012 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000685 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐. 𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟒
𝑄 𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 0.00025 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 33

 ℎ𝑓 0.000125 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟓
𝑄 𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 0.00003 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001167 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟕𝟏
𝑄 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 0.000085 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001132 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟗. 𝟒𝟑𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟑
𝑄 𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 0.00012 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.000685 + 0.000125) − (0.001167 + 0.001132)

∆𝑄 =
2[(2.738334 + 4.166875) + (13.724271 + 9.436933)]
𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟑
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔: (0.00025 ) − (−0.00002476858793 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓: (0.00003 ) − (−0.00002476858793 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑: (0.000085 ) + (−0.00002476858793 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓: (0.00012 ) + (−0.00002476858793 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 15:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
ggii 0.00018 12554.0087 0.000407 2.259722 0.000205
(ggff) 0.000055 138895.8367 0.000420 7.639271 0.000030
(ffhh) 0.0001 82938.3086 0.000829 8.293831 0.000075
(hhii) 0.00006 112877.8169 0.000406 6.772669 0.000035
Table 17: Loop 15 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 34

 50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎℎ = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓ℎℎ𝑖𝑖 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(43.45 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(59.15 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟓. 𝟖𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(35.32 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑓𝑓ℎℎ = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟖𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟖. 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(48.07 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾ℎℎ𝑖𝑖 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = (12554.0087 ) (0.00018 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = (138895.8367 ) (0.000055 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑓𝑓ℎℎ = (82938.3086 ) (0.0001 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟗 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 ℎℎ𝑖𝑖 = (112877.8169 ) (0.00006 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000407 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟐
𝑄 𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 0.00018 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000420 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟕. 𝟔𝟑𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟏
𝑄 𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 0.000055 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000829 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟖. 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟏
𝑄 𝑓𝑓ℎℎ 0.0001 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000406 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟔. 𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟗
𝑄 ℎℎ𝑖𝑖 0.00006 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]
(0.000407) − (0.000420 + 0.000829 + 0.000406)
∆𝑄 =
2[(2.259722) + (7.639271 + 8.293831 + 6.772669)]
𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟗𝟔𝟖𝟓
𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 35

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖: (0.00018 ) − (−0.00002501759685 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓: (0.000055 ) + (−0.00002501759685 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑓𝑓ℎℎ: (0.0001 ) + (−0.00002501759685 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
ℎℎ𝑖𝑖: (0.00006 ) + (−0.00002501759685 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 16:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
llkk 0.000222 72841.0627 0.003590 16.170716 0.000219
jjmm 0.00028 9598.2548 0.000753 2.687511 0.000277
mmnn 0.00028 9144.6347 0.000717 2.560498 0.000277
(jjkk) 0.00018 112713.4432 0.003652 20.288420 0.000183
(oonn) 0.00002 207228.3617 0.000083 4.144567 0.000023
(lloo) 0.00024 18569.5314 0.001070 4.456688 0.000243
Table 18: Loop 16 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾=
12.10𝐷 5

(0.009612545559)(31.02 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(33.22 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(31.65 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟗𝟏𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟑𝟒𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(48 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(88.25 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝟓

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 (0.008981582683)(64.27 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝟓
Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = (72841.0627 ) (0.000222 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = (9598.2548 ) (0.00028 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛 = (9144.6347 ) (0.00028 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (112713.4432 ) (0.00018 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟐 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = (207228.3617 ) (0.00002 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜 = (18569.5314 ) (0.00024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.003590 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟔
𝑄 𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 0.000222 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000753 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐. 𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟏𝟏
𝑄 𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 0.00028 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000717 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐. 𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟖
𝑄 𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛 0.00028 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.003652 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝑄 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 0.00018 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000083 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟕
𝑄 𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 0.00002 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.001070 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟖
𝑄 𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜 0.00024 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.003590 + 0.000753 + 0.000717) −

(0.003652 + 0.000083 + 0.001070)
∆𝑄 =
(16.170716 + 2.687511 + 2.560498) +
2[ ]
(20.288420 + 4.144567 + 4.456688)

𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟗 𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 37

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘: (0.00018 ) − (0.000002533667939 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟗
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚: (0.00018 ) − (0.000002533667939 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟕
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛: (0.00018 ) − (0.000002533667939 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟕
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘: (0.000055 ) + (0.000002533667939 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟑
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛: (0.0001 ) + (0.000002533667939 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜: (0.00006 ) + (0.000002533667939 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 17:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
jjmm 0.000277 9598.2548 0.000736 2.658717 0.000326
mmkk 0.00003 198093.8764 0.000178 5.942816 0.000079
(jjkk) 0.000183 112713.4432 0.003775 20.626560 0.000134
Table 19: Loop 17 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(33.22 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟖 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(84.36 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟑. 𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(48 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = (9598.2548 ) (0.000277 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 38

 2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 = (198093.8764 ) (0.00003 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟖 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (112713.4432 ) (0.000183 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟓 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000736 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟏𝟕
𝑄 𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 0.000277 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000178 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟓. 𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟏𝟔
𝑄 𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 0.00003 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.003775 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟎
𝑄 𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 0.000183 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]
(0.000736 + 0.000178) − (0.003775)
∆𝑄 =
2[(2.65872 + 5.94282) + (20.626560)]

𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟑
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚: (0.000277 ) − (−0.00005502378308 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟐
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚: (0.00003 ) + (−0.00005502378308 ) = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘: (0.000183 ) + (−0.00005502378308 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 18:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
oonn 0.000023 207228.3617 0.000110 4.766252 0.000031
nnpp 0.00023 7015.2205 0.000371 1.613501 0.000238
pprr 0.00012 9361.3322 0.000135 1.123360 0.000128
rrtt 0.00007 7067.2279 0.000035 0.494706 0.000078
ttvv 0.00001 7633.5307 0.000001 0.076335 0.000018
(ooww) 0.00014 39661.4218 0.000777 5.552599 0.000132
(wwvv) 0.00006 34134.1908 0.000123 2.048051 0.000052
Table 20: Loop 18 Details

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 39

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑤𝑤 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑤𝑤𝑣𝑣 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.009612545559)(88.25 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟐𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(24.28 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(32.4 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(24.46 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(26.42 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(137.27 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑤𝑤 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝟓
(0.008981582683)(118.14 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑤𝑤𝑣𝑣 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟑𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = (207228.3617 ) (0.000023 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 = (7015.2205 ) (0.00023 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟏 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = (9361.3322 ) (0.00012 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = (7067.2279 ) (0.00007 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 = (7633.5307 ) (0.00001 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑜𝑜𝑤𝑤 = (39661.4218 ) (0.00014 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑣𝑣 = (34134.1908 ) (0.00006 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 40

 ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000110 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟒. 𝟕𝟔𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟐
𝑄 𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 0.000023 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000371 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟏
𝑄 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 0.00023 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000135 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝑄 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 0.00012 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000035 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟒𝟕𝟎𝟔
𝑄 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 0.00007 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000001 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟓
𝑄 𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 0.00001 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000777 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟗
𝑄 𝑜𝑜𝑤𝑤 0.00014 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000123 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟐. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟓𝟏
𝑄 𝑤𝑤𝑣𝑣 0.00006 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.000110 + 0.000371 + 0.000135 + 0.000035 + 0.000001) −

(0.000777 + 0.000123)
∆𝑄 =
(4.766252 + 1.613501 + 1.123360 + 0.494706 + 0.076335) +
2[ ]
(5.552599 + 2.048051)

𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟒
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛: (0.000023 ) − (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝: (0.00023 ) − (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟖
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟: (0.00012 ) − (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡: (0.00007 ) − (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟖
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣: (0.00001 ) − (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑜𝑜𝑤𝑤: (0.00014 ) + (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟐
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑤𝑤𝑣𝑣: (0.00006 ) + (−0.000007952955024 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 41

LOOP 19:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
pprr 0.000128 9361.3322 0.000153 1.198251 0.000126
rrqq 0.00004 157634.4467 0.000252 6.305378 0.000038
(ppqq) 0.00004 213498.0468 0.000342 8.539922 0.000042
Table 21: Loop 19 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(32.4 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(67.13 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟒. 𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(90.92 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟗𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟗 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = (9361.3322 ) (0.000128 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = (157634.4467 ) (0.00004 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟐 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 = (213498.0468 ) (0.00004 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟐 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000153 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟏
𝑄 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 0.000128 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000252 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟔. 𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟖
𝑄 𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 0.00004 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000342 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟖. 𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟐
𝑄 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 0.00004 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 42

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,
∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.000153 + 0.000252) − (0.000342)

∆𝑄 =
2[(1.198251 + 6.305378) + (8.539922)]

𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟗
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟: (0.000128 ) − (0.000001994393559 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟔
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞: (0.00004 ) − (0.000001994393559 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞: (0.00004 ) + (0.000001994393559 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

LOOP 20:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
rrtt 0.000078 7067.2279 0.000043 0.551244 0.000077
ttss 0.00004 157845.7844 0.000253 6.313831 0.000039
(rrqq) 0.000038 157634.4467 0.000228 5.990109 0.000039
(qqss) 0.00002 64199.6987 0.000026 1.283994 0.000021
Table 22: Loop 20 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑞𝑞𝑠𝑠 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(24.46 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟎𝟔𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(67.22 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟓. 𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝟓

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 43

 (0.009612545559)(67.13 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟒. 𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(27.34 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑞𝑞𝑠𝑠 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟔𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = (7067.2279 ) (0.000078 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = (157845.7844 ) (0.00004 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟑 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = (157634.4467 ) (0.000038 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟖 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑞𝑞𝑠𝑠 = (64199.6987 ) (0.00002 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000043 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒
𝑄 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 0.000078 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000253 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟔. 𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟏
𝑄 𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 0.00004 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000228 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟓. 𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟗
𝑄 𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 0.000038 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000026 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟒
𝑄 𝑞𝑞𝑠𝑠 0.00002 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.000043 + 0.000253) − (0.000228 + 0.000026)

∆𝑄 =
2[(0.551244 + 6.313831) + (5.990109 + 1.283994)]

𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟗𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟔
𝒔

New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡: (0.000078 ) − (0.000001493942886 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟕
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠: (0.00004 ) − (0.000001493942886 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞: (0.000038 𝑠
) + (0.000001493942886 𝑠
) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑞𝑞𝑠𝑠: (0.00002 ) + (0.000001493942886 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟏
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 44

LOOP 21:
PIPE Q(
𝑚3
)
𝑠2
K (𝑚 5 ) ℎ𝑓 (𝑚) ℎ𝑓 𝑠
(𝑚2 ) New Q (
𝑚3
)
𝑠 𝑄 𝑠
ttvv 0.000018 7633.5307 0.000002 0.137404 0.000013
vvuu 0.00005 154370.4532 0.000386 7.718523 0.000045
(ttss) 0.000039 157845.7844 0.000240 6.155986 0.000044
(ssuu) 0.00001 55276.5511 0.000006 0.552766 0.000015
Table 23: Loop 21 Details

Solving for f,
𝐷 −2
𝑓 = [1.14 + 2 log ( 𝜀 )]

76.2 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟑
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗
50.8 𝑚𝑚 −2
𝑓𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢 = [1.14 + 2 log (0.0015 𝑚𝑚)] = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗

Solving for K,
𝑓𝐿
𝐾= 12.10𝐷 5

(0.008981582683)(26.42 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 = (12.10)(0.0762 𝑚)5
= 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(65.74 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟑𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(67.22 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟓. 𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝟓
(0.009612545559)(23.54 𝑚) 𝒔𝟐
𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢 = (12.10)(0.0508 𝑚)5
= 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟔. 𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝟓

Solving for ℎ𝑓 :
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐾𝑄 2

2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 = (7633.5307 ) (0.000018 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝒎
𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢 = (154370.4532 ) (0.00005 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = (157845.7844 ) (0.000039 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠
2
𝑠2 𝑚3
ℎ𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢 = (55276.5511 ) (0.00001 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔 𝒎
𝑚5 𝑠

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 45

 ℎ𝑓
Solving for :
𝑄
ℎ𝑓 0.000002 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟒
𝑄 𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 0.000018 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000386 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟕. 𝟕𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟑
𝑄 𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢 0.00005 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000240 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟔. 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟗𝟖𝟔
𝑄 𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 0.000039 𝒎𝟐
𝑠
ℎ𝑓 0.000006 𝑚 𝒔
= 𝑚3
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟔
𝑄 𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢 0.00001 𝒎𝟐
𝑠

So, Solving for ∆𝑄,

∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐 − ∑ ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
∆𝑄 =
ℎ𝑓𝑐 ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑐
2 [∑ ( 𝑄 ) + ∑ ( 𝑄 )]

(0.000002 + 0.000386) − (0.000240 + 0.000006)

∆𝑄 =
2[(0.137404 + 7.718523) + (6.155986 + 0.552766)]

𝒎𝟑
∆𝑄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟗𝟖
𝒔
New Q:
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣: (0.000018 ) − (0.0000049018698 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢: (0.00005 ) − (0.0000049018698 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠: (0.000039 ) + (0.0000049018698 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟒
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝒎𝟑
𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢: (0.00001 ) + (0.0000049018698 ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓
𝑠 𝑠 𝒔

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 46

Solving for ΔP:

∆𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ𝑓

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐴𝐵 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) ( 0.009324 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟖 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐵𝐶 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) ( 0.028820 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐵𝐷 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) ( 0.010129 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐶𝐸 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) ( 0.001002 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐸𝑃 = (1000 3 ) (9.81 2 ) ( 0.011755 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐷𝐸 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) ( 0.008855 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟖 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐷𝐹 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) ( 0.021307 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐹𝐺 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) ( 0.004992 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟗𝟕𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐺𝐼 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) ( 0.005383 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐺𝐻 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.007173 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐹𝐽 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.007155 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐽𝐾 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.002028 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐽𝐿 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.001404 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐿𝑀 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.000752 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟕𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐿𝑁 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000364 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 47

 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑁𝑄 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00095966656 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟒𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑁𝑂 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.000528508028 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑅𝑄 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.003245760979 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑄𝑆 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000054235629 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑇𝑆 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.001860647173 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑆𝑈 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000013461827 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑉𝑈 = (1000 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (0.00098973674 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟎𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑇𝑉 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00004277002 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑅𝑇 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00014253264 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟖 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑃𝑅 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00040136827 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑃𝑂 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.006476063594 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑂𝑀 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.000899 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟏𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑀𝐾 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.001964 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐾𝐼 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.001404 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐼𝐻 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.004508 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝐻𝑊 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.106295 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑊𝑋 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.000148875673 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟎 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

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 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑋𝑌 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00023599377 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑌𝑍 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000311004567 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑋𝑍 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00062093385 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟗𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.007231 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟗𝟑𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑙 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00013318518 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐 = (1000 3 ) (9.81 2 ) (0.0044906102 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑑𝑑 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00354675392 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0.0014302914𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0011665630 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00068458353𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0011324319 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.0004201599 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00040674988 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟎 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑓𝑓ℎℎ = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.0008293831 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟏𝟑𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃ℎℎ𝑖𝑖 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00040636014 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

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 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.001127104399 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑘𝑘 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0035898989 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑗𝑗𝑘𝑘 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.0037746605 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟐𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0001782845𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟗 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑗𝑗𝑚𝑚 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0007364645 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.000716939 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0010696050 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑛𝑛 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00010962380 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑤𝑤 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000777364 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00037110516 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0003415969 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟓𝟏 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑟𝑟𝑞𝑞 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0002276241 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00015337607 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑞𝑞𝑠𝑠 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0000256799 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.00024008344 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.0000429970 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

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 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0000055277 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00000247327 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.0003859261 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟔 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑤𝑤𝑣𝑣 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000122883 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑍𝑥𝑥 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.0000894193 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑥𝑥𝑎𝑎 = (1000 3
) (9.81 2 ) (0.000491 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟏𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚 𝑠 1000 𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑘𝑃𝑎
∆𝑃𝑊𝑥𝑥 = (1000 ) (9.81 ) (0.00109783222 𝑚) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟎 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝑚3 𝑠2 1000 𝑃𝑎

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 PIPE New Q Diameter K hf ∆P
(𝑚3 /𝑠) (𝑚) (𝑠 /𝑚5 )
2 (𝑚) (𝑘𝑃𝑎)
AB 0.00231 0.1524 1747.4356 0.009324 0.091468
BC 0.000373 0.0508 222374.2306 0.028820 0.282724
BD 0.001857 0.0762 6711.8440 0.010129 0.099365
CE 0.000363 0.0762 8182.4977 0.001002 0.009830
EP 0.000690 0.0762 40311.5143 0.011755 0.115317
DE 0.000337 0.0508 253229.5357 0.008855 0.086868
DF 0.001440 0.0762 8428.0882 0.021307 0.209022
FG 0.000794 0.0762 8641.8965 0.004992 0.048972
GI 0.000188 0.0508 239257.7651 0.005383 0.052807
GH 0.000622 0.0762 20745.1744 0.007173 0.070367
FJ 0.000596 0.0762 18026.3430 0.007155 0.070191
JK 0.000128 0.0508 220096.4798 0.002028 0.019895
JL 0.000388 0.0762 7960.0216 0.001404 0.013773
LM 0.000057 0.0508 223501.3650 0.000752 0.007377
LN 0.000231 0.0762 6879.4234 0.000364 0.003571
NQ 0.000061 0.0762 7931.1286 0.0009596665606 0.009414
NO 0.000098 0.0508 220119.9617 0.000528508028 0.005185
RQ 0.000086 0.0508 273189.2079 0.003245760979 0.031841
QS 0.000057 0.0762 8474.3171 0.00005423562944 0.000532
TS 0.000072 0.0508 270089.5882 0.001860647173 0.018253
SU 0.000029 0.0762 8413.6417 0.00001346182672 0.000132
VU 0.000071 0.0508 274926.8735 0.0009897367446 0.009709
TV 0.000081 0.0762 8728.5755 0.00004277001995 0.000420
RT 0.000183 0.0762 5567.6812 0.0001425326387 0.001398
PR 0.000279 0.0762 7587.3019 0.0004013682705 0.003937
PO 0.000311 0.0508 49969.6265 0.006476063594 0.063530
OM 0.000391 0.0762 5908.6186 0.000899 0.008819
MK 0.000438 0.0762 8890.3763 0.001964 0.019267
KI 0.000396 0.0762 7593.0805 0.001404 0.013773
IH 0.000638 0.0762 9982.5317 0.004508 0.044223
HW 0.00123 0.0762 70259.1093 0.106295 1.042754
WX 0.000107 0.0508 14887.5673 0.000148875673 0.001460
XY 0.000052 0.0508 94397.5087 0.0002359937718 0.002315
YZ 0.000032 0.0508 345560.6312 0.0003110045681 0.003051
XZ 0.000055 0.0508 269502.5390 0.0006209338499 0.006091
aabb 0.00112 0.0762 5764.1536 0.007231 0.070936
bbll 0.000180 0.0762 83240.7345 0.0001331851752 0.001307
bbcc 0.000520 0.0762 10309.0226 0.004490610245 0.044053
ccdd 0.000105 0.0508 246302.3553 0.003546753916 0.034794
ccee 0.000385 0.0762 10447.7090 0.001430291362 0.014031
eedd 0.000060 0.0508 161462.0073 0.001166563003 0.011444
eegg 0.000275 0.0762 10953.3365 0.0006845835313 0.006716
ddff 0.000095 0.0508 78641.1086 0.001132431964 0.011109

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ggff 0.000030 0.0508 138895.8367 0.000420159906 0.004122
ggii 0.000205 0.0762 12554.0087 0.0004067498819 0.003990
ffhh 0.000075 0.0508 82938.3086 0.000829383086 0.008136
hhii 0.000035 0.0508 112877.8169 0.0004063601408 0.003986
iijj 0.000220 0.0762 8696.7932 0.001127104399 0.011057
llkk 0.000219 0.0508 72841.0627 0.003589898934 0.035217
jjkk 0.000183 0.0508 112713.4432 0.003774660499 0.037029
mmkk 0.000025 0.0508 198093.8764 0.0001782844888 0.001749
jjmm 0.000332 0.0762 9598.2548 0.0007364644925 0.007225
mmnn 0.000277 0.0762 9144.6347 0.00071693936 0.007033
lloo 0.000243 0.0762 18569.5314 0.001069605009 0.010493
oonn 0.000031 0.0508 207228.3617 0.0001096238033 0.001075
ooww 0.000132 0.0762 39661.4218 0.0007773638673 0.007626
nnpp 0.000238 0.0762 7015.2205 0.0003711051645 0.003641
ppqq 0.000042 0.0508 213498.0469 0.0003415968749 0.003351
rrqq 0.000039 0.0508 157634.4467 0.000227624141 0.002233
pprr 0.000126 0.0762 9361.3322 0.0001533760668 0.001505
qqss 0.000021 0.0508 64199.6987 0.00002567987948 0.000252
ttss 0.000044 0.0508 157845.7844 0.0002400834381 0.002355
rrtt 0.000077 0.0762 7067.2279 0.00004299701454 0.000422
ssuu 0.000015 0.0508 55276.5511 0.00000552765511 0.000054
ttvv 0.000013 0.0762 7633.5307 0.000002473263947 0.000024
vvuu 0.000045 0.0508 154370.4532 0.000385926133 0.003786
wwvv 0.000052 0.0762 34134.1908 0.0001228830869 0.001205
Zxx 0.000087 0.0508 13971.7706 0.00008941933184 0.000877
xxaa 0.00112 0.1524 391.7488 0.000491 0.004817
Wxx 0.001033 0.1524 1015.0076 0.00109783222 0.010770
Table 24: ∆P And Final Pipeline Details

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 S
EA DOW E
ND M LLAG
GRA UTIVE VI
EXEC

PROPOSED GROUND RESERVOIR

GRAND MEADOWS PHASE - I

GRAND MEADOWS PHASE - II
LEGEND:
2 inches
3 inches PIPING SYSTEM PLAN OF
2
4 inches GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE
1 AERIAL VIEW OF GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE 6 inches
8 inches
2015 Map

DESIGNED AND PREPARED BY: SHEET CONTENT: DATE:

PIPING SYSTEM OF GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE

KAILHA MAE ABRIOL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Republic of the Philippines
RAIZAH CABUTOTAN 12 / 11 / 2023
Central Mindanao University
University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon SHIELLA MAE VALDEHUEZA REVIEWED BY: SUBJECT:

ENGINEERING STUDENTS
DIOMEDES GABULE JR. INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING
 DESIGNED AND PREPARED BY: SHEET CONTENT: DATE:

PIPING SYSTEM OF GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE

KAILHA MAE ABRIOL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Republic of the Philippines
RAIZAH CABUTOTAN 12 / 11 / 2023
Central Mindanao University
University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon SHIELLA MAE VALDEHUEZA REVIEWED BY: SUBJECT:

ENGINEERING STUDENTS
DIOMEDES GABULE JR. INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING
 PROPOSED GROUND RESERVOIR

GRAND MEADOWS PHASE - II

GRA UTIVE VI
EXEC
ND M LLAG
LEGEND:

EADO E
2 inches
3 inches

WS
4 inches
6 inches
8 inches
FLOW

GRAND MEADOWS PHASE - I

4
FLOW DIRECTION OF GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE

DESIGNED AND PREPARED BY: SHEET CONTENT: DATE:

PIPING SYSTEM OF GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE

KAILHA MAE ABRIOL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Republic of the Philippines
RAIZAH CABUTOTAN 12 / 11 / 2023
Central Mindanao University
University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon SHIELLA MAE VALDEHUEZA REVIEWED BY: SUBJECT:

ENGINEERING STUDENTS
DIOMEDES GABULE JR. INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING
 DESIGNED AND PREPARED BY: SHEET CONTENT: DATE:

PIPING SYSTEM OF GRAND MEADOWS EXECUTIVE VILLAGE

KAILHA MAE ABRIOL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Republic of the Philippines
RAIZAH CABUTOTAN 12 / 11 / 2023
Central Mindanao University
University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon SHIELLA MAE VALDEHUEZA REVIEWED BY: SUBJECT:

ENGINEERING STUDENTS
DIOMEDES GABULE JR. INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING
 REFERENCES

Amin, Z. (2012). What is a piping system. Retrieved from

https://www.cheresources.com/invision/blog/52/entry-250-what-is-a-piping-
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We5UznqCoy1qOOEV7yqIxHUrR2QkQ.

PhilAtlas (2023). Batangan, Valencia, Bukidnon Profile. Retrieved from

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Philippine Statistics Authority (2020). Household Population, Number of Households, and

Average Household Size of the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing).
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census?fbclid=IwAR3suMFFrQGxdRWMevOpRlfWqiWiXUp4g6RCt7D-
6dcoqRlnRAPTrJizpyI.

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%29.pdf?fbclid=IwAR39EfacEkrH84yDLnMP4U8kabi8orLjBFbifLb8anrHMxccvV4Nb7U
WbYE.

INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 2023 58