BIOLOGY QUESTIONS FOR FORM 3

(CLASSIFIATION OF LIVING THINGS& MOVEMENT)

CLASSIFIATION OF LIVING THINGS
1. What is the fundamental basis for the classification of living organisms?
2. How are plants classified into different divisions, and what distinguishes coniferophyta from other
divisions?
3. What are the main characteristics that define coniferophyta as a plant division?
4. In which environments are coniferophytes commonly found, and how do they adapt to these
conditions?
5. What sets angiosperms apart from other plant divisions in terms of reproductive structures?
6. How does the reproduction process differ between coniferophyta and angiosperms?
7. Can you name two examples of coniferophytes and discuss their ecological roles?
8. What are the distinguishing features of angiosperms' floral structures, and how do they contribute to
reproduction?
9. How do coniferophytes play a role in the ecosystem, especially in terms of biodiversity?
10. Explain the significance of seeds in the life cycle of angiosperms.
11. What is the role of cones in the reproductive strategy of coniferophytes?
12. How do coniferophytes adapt to survive in different climates and environmental conditions?
13. Can you elaborate on the economic importance of coniferophyta, particularly in industries such as
forestry?
14. Discuss the importance of flowers in the life cycle of angiosperms and their relationship with
pollination.
15. What distinguishes the vascular systems of coniferophyta from those of angiosperms?
16. How do coniferophytes contribute to soil conservation and prevent erosion?
17. Explain the role of fruits in the dispersal of seeds in angiosperms.
18. Compare the life cycles of coniferophyta and angiosperms, highlighting key differences.
19. What adaptations do coniferophytes exhibit to cope with water scarcity and nutrient-poor soils?
20. Discuss the challenges and conservation considerations related to maintaining the diversity
of coniferophytes.

MOVEMENT
21. What is the significance of movement in living organisms?
22. How do unicellular organisms exhibit movement, and what purposes does it serve?
23. Explain the role of cilia and flagella in cellular movement.
24. How does amoeboid movement occur, and where is it commonly observed in living organisms?
25. Discuss the mechanisms of movement in multi-cellular organisms.
26. What is the importance of phototropism and gravitropism in plant movement?
27. How do plants demonstrate nastic movements, and what triggers these responses?
28. Explain how hydrotropism contributes to the movement of plant roots.
29. Discuss the role of hormones in coordinating movement responses in plants.
30. What are the similarities and differences between movement in plants and animals?
31. What is the primary function of the human skeletal system?
32. Name the major bones in the human body and their respective functions.
33. Explain the role of the axial skeleton in providing structural support.
34. How do joints contribute to movement in the human body?
35. Discuss the significance of the vertebral column in maintaining posture.
36. What is the purpose of the skeletal system in protecting vital organs?
37. Explain the process of bone remodeling and its importance.
38. How do bones contribute to the production of blood cells?
39. Discuss the impact of nutrition on the health of the skeletal system.
40. What are the common disorders or diseases related to the skeletal system?
41. Describe the structure and function of skeletal muscles.
42. How do muscles work in pairs to facilitate movement?
43. Explain the role of tendons in connecting muscles to bones.
 44. Discuss the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle movements.
45. What is muscle fatigue, and what factors contribute to it?
46. How does the nervous system control muscle contractions?
47. What is the significance of ATP in muscle contraction and relaxation?
48. Discuss the concept of isotonic and isometric muscle contractions.
49. Explain the importance of flexibility and stretching in maintaining muscle health.
50. How do muscles contribute to maintaining body temperature?

Answers

CLASSIFIATION OF LIVING THINGS

1. The fundamental basis for the classification of living organisms is based on their characteristics,
such as anatomical, physiological, and genetic traits, which allow them to be grouped together into
categories based on shared features.

2. Plants are classified into different divisions based on their characteristics, such as the presence or
absence of vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers. Coniferophyta is a division of plants that is
distinguished from other divisions by the presence of needle-like leaves, cones, and a highly
specialized root system.

3. The main characteristics that define coniferophyta as a plant division include the presence of
needle-like leaves, cones, and a highly specialized root system. They reproduce through seeds that
are produced in cones, and they are typically evergreen and cone-bearing.

4. Coniferophytes are commonly found in cold and dry environments, such as mountainous regions
and the subarctic and boreal forests. They adapt to these conditions by producing needle-like leaves
that reduce water loss and by having a specialized root system that allows them to absorb water
efficiently.

5. Angiosperms are distinguished from other plant divisions by their reproductive structures, which
include flowers, fruits, and seeds enclosed within an ovary.

6. The reproduction process differs between coniferophyta and angiosperms in that coniferophytes
reproduce through seeds that are produced in cones, while angiosperms reproduce through seeds
enclosed within an ovary.

7. Two examples of coniferophytes include Pinus sylvestris, commonly known as the Scots pine,
which plays a vital ecological role in the subarctic and boreal forests of the northern hemisphere; and
Sequoia sempervirens, also known as the coast redwood, which is the tallest tree species in the world
and plays a significant role in its ecosystem.

8. The distinguishing features of angiosperms' floral structures include the presence of petals, sepals,
stamens, and pistils. These structures contribute to reproduction by attracting pollinators such as
bees, butterflies, and birds.

9. Coniferophytes play a crucial role in the ecosystem by providing habitat and food for a diverse
array of plant and animal species. They also contribute to the overall biodiversity of forests and other
ecosystems.

10. Seeds are significant in the life cycle of angiosperms because they allow for the dispersal and
reproduction of the species. The seeds contain nutrients and genetic information necessary for the
development of a new plant.
11. Cones play a crucial role in the reproductive strategy of coniferophytes by producing seeds that
are dispersed by wind or animals.

12. Coniferophytes have adapted to survive in different climates and environmental conditions by
producing needle-like leaves, developing a specialized root system, and producing cones that can
withstand cold and dry conditions.

13. Coniferophyta has significant economic importance, particularly in industries such as forestry,
where they are harvested for building materials, paper, and other products.

14. Flowers are essential in the life cycle of angiosperms because they attract pollinators, which help
to ensure the successful reproduction of the species. The relationship between flowers and pollinators
is intricate and crucial for the survival and genetic diversity of many plant species.

15. The vascular systems of coniferophyta and angiosperms differ in that coniferophytes have
needle-like leaves and produce seeds in cones, while angiosperms have broad leaves and flowers,
which produce seeds enclosed within an ovary.

16. Coniferophytes contribute to soil conservation and prevent erosion by producing an extensive
root system that helps stabilize the soil in areas prone to landslides.

17. Fruits play a critical role in the dispersal of seeds in angiosperms by providing a nutrient-rich
environment for the developing seeds, and by attracting animals that consume the fruits and disperse
the seeds through their feces.

18. The life cycles of coniferophyta and angiosperms differ in that coniferophytes reproduce through
seeds produced in cones, while angiosperms reproduce through seeds enclosed within an ovary and
fertilization occurs through the transfer of pollen.

19. Coniferophytes exhibit adaptations such as needle-like leaves and a specialized root system to
cope with water scarcity and nutrient-poor soils.

20. The challenges related to maintaining the diversity of coniferophytes include climate change,
habitat loss, and fragmentation. Conservation strategies such as reforestation, restoration of degraded
habitats, and preservation of intact forests can help to maintain the diversity of these vital plant
species.

Movement
21. Movement is significant in living organisms because it enables them to interact with their
environment, locate food and mates, avoid predators, and carry out essential physiological functions.

22. Unicellular organisms exhibit movement through the use of cilia, flagella, or pseudopods.
Movement helps these organisms to navigate through their environment, locate nutrients, and avoid
danger.

23. Cilia and flagella are hair-like structures that extend from the surface of a cell. They move in
coordinated patterns to propel the organism through its environment or to move fluids over the cell
surface.

24. Amoeboid movement occurs when a cell extends pseudopodia, which help to drag the cell
forward. This type of movement is commonly observed in unicellular organisms such as amoebae
and some white blood cells.
25. In multi-cellular organisms, movement is achieved through the coordinated action of muscles,
nerves, and bones. Muscles contract and relax, pulling on bones and joints, and nerves provide
control and feedback to maintain balance and control movement.

26. Phototropism and gravitropism are important in plant movement because they allow plants to
adjust their growth and orientation in response to environmental stimuli such as light and gravity.

27. Nastic movements are rapid, reversible movements of plant parts that are not dependent on the
direction of the stimulus. These responses are triggered by changes in temperature, humidity, touch,
or other stimuli.

28. Hydrotropism is a plant's response to water, and it contributes to the movement of plant roots
towards sources of moisture.

29. Hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin play a critical role in the coordination of
movement responses in plants by controlling growth and development.

30. Both plants and animals use muscles, nerves, and bones to move, but plants also rely on
hormones and the responses of specialized cells to environmental stimuli to control their movement.

31. The primary function of the human skeletal system is to provide structural support, protect
internal organs, and facilitate movement.

32. Major bones in the human body include the skull, ribcage, spine, pelvis, and limbs. These bones
have various functions, such as protecting the brain, supporting the body's weight and providing a
framework for movement.

33. The axial skeleton, which consists of the skull, ribcage, and spine, provides structural support for
the body and protects vital organs.

34. Joints are the connections between bones that allow movement to occur. They are important in
facilitating movement, but they can also be susceptible to injury and disease.

35. The vertebral column is important in maintaining posture, supporting the body's weight, and
protecting the spinal cord.

36. The skeletal system protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs by providing a hard,
bony barrier around them.

37. Bone remodeling is the continuous process of breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue. It is
important for maintaining bone strength and structure and for regulating calcium levels in the body.

38. Bones contribute to the production of blood cells through a process called hematopoiesis, which
occurs in the bone marrow.

39. Nutrition, particularly the intake of calcium and vitamin D, is critical for maintaining the health
of the skeletal system.

40. Common disorders or diseases related to the skeletal system include osteoporosis, arthritis, and
scoliosis.

41. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for movement. They are composed of
bundles of muscle fibers that work together to produce force.
42. Muscles work in pairs to facilitate movement by acting as agonists (muscles that contract to
produce movement) and antagonists (muscles that relax to allow movement).

43. Tendons are tough connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They transmit the force
generated by the muscle to the bone, allowing movement to occur.

44. Voluntary muscle movements are under conscious control, while involuntary muscle movements
occur automatically and are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

45. Muscle fatigue is a condition that occurs when muscles lose their ability to generate force
efficiently. It can be caused by factors such as overuse, dehydration, and lack of rest.

46. The nervous system controls muscle contractions by sending signals to the muscles through
motor neurons.

47. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a critical molecule in muscle contraction and relaxation,
providing the energy necessary for muscle movement.

48. Isotonic muscle contractions occur when the muscle shortens, causing movement to occur.
Isometric muscle contractions occur when the muscle contracts but does not change length.

49. Flexibility and stretching are important in maintaining muscle health by increasing mobility and
preventing injury.

50. Muscles contribute to maintaining body temperature through the process of shivering, which
generates heat by contracting and relaxing rapidly.