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Three-Address Code in Compiler Design: Your Name May 17, 2024

The document discusses three-address code (TAC), an intermediate representation used in compiler design that breaks down complex expressions into simpler three-operand instructions. TAC simplifies optimization and code generation by providing a uniform structure. It acts as a bridge between high-level code and machine code.

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56 views3 pages

Three-Address Code in Compiler Design: Your Name May 17, 2024

The document discusses three-address code (TAC), an intermediate representation used in compiler design that breaks down complex expressions into simpler three-operand instructions. TAC simplifies optimization and code generation by providing a uniform structure. It acts as a bridge between high-level code and machine code.

Uploaded by

icoding666
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three-Address Code in Compiler Design

Your Name
May 17, 2024

Abstract
Three-Address Code (TAC) is an intermediate representation used in the process of
compiler design. This paper provides an overview of TAC, its structure, benefits, and
role in the compilation process. Additionally, we explore its application in optimization
and code generation phases of a compiler.

1 Introduction
Compiler design is a complex field that involves multiple stages, including lexical analysis,
syntax analysis, semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation. Three-Address Code
(TAC) serves as a crucial intermediate representation between the high-level source code and
the low-level machine code. TAC simplifies the process of translating and optimizing code
by breaking down complex expressions into simpler, three-operand instructions.

2 Structure of Three-Address Code


TAC instructions are typically of the form a = b op c, where a, b, and c are variables or
constants, and op is a binary operator. This format ensures that each instruction performs a
single operation, making it easier to manipulate during the optimization and code generation
phases.

2.1 Types of TAC Instructions


• Assignment: x = y
• Binary operation: x = y + z
• Unary operation: x = -y
• Conditional jump: if x goto L
• Unconditional jump: goto L
• Procedure call: call p
• Return: return x

1
3 Role in Compiler Design
TAC acts as a bridge between the high-level abstract syntax tree (AST) and the low-level
machine code. It facilitates several important compiler tasks:

3.1 Optimization
TAC enables various optimization techniques, such as constant folding, dead code elimina-
tion, and common subexpression elimination. These optimizations are easier to implement
on TAC due to its simplified and uniform structure.

3.2 Code Generation


The final phase of the compiler involves translating TAC into machine code. TAC’s sim-
plicity allows for straightforward translation into various target architectures, aiding in the
development of efficient machine code.

4 Example of TAC Generation


Consider the following high-level expression:
a = b + c * d
The corresponding TAC might be:
t1 = c * d
t2 = b + t1
a = t2
This breakdown illustrates how complex expressions are decomposed into simpler, man-
ageable instructions.

5 Advantages of TAC
• Simplicity: TAC reduces complex expressions into simple three-operand instructions.
• Flexibility: It can be easily translated to different target machine architectures.
• Optimization: Facilitates various intermediate code optimizations.

6 Conclusion
Three-Address Code is a vital component in compiler design, providing a streamlined and
flexible intermediate representation that simplifies the processes of optimization and code
generation. Its structure aids in breaking down complex expressions and performing effective
optimizations, ultimately contributing to the generation of efficient machine code.

2
References
[1] Aho, A. V., Lam, M. S., Sethi, R., & Ullman, J. D. (2006). Compilers: Principles,
Techniques, and Tools. Pearson.

[2] Muchnick, S. S. (1997). Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation. Morgan Kauf-
mann.

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