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Lecture 28

This document discusses the operation and characteristics of 3-phase induction motors. It covers topics like slip speed, synchronous speed, rotor speed, rotor frequency, torque-speed characteristics, and includes an example problem to calculate slip, rotor speed and torque of a motor under load.

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patrickbateman0148
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13 views15 pages

Lecture 28

This document discusses the operation and characteristics of 3-phase induction motors. It covers topics like slip speed, synchronous speed, rotor speed, rotor frequency, torque-speed characteristics, and includes an example problem to calculate slip, rotor speed and torque of a motor under load.

Uploaded by

patrickbateman0148
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 28

3-Phase Induction Motor


3 Phase Induction Motor speed
•So, the IM will always run at a speed lower
than the synchronous speed
•The difference between the motor speed
and the synchronous speed is called the Slip
•nslip= nsync-nm
•Where nslip= slip speed
nsync= speed of the magnetic field
nm = mechanical shaft speed of the
motor
Lecture 28 2
• Slip(s)= (nsync-nm)/nsync
Slip is expressed as a percentage by
multiplying the above eq. by 100, we get
percentage slip
Where s is the slip
If the rotor runs at synchronous speed
s=0
If the rotor is stationary
s = 1 slip is a ratio and doesn’t have units
Lecture
Lecture281 3
Frequency of Voltage Induced in rotor

• The frequency of the voltage induced in the


rotor is given by
• fr=(P×n)/120
Where fr = the rotor frequency (Hz)
P = number of stator poles
n = slip speed (rpm)
• fr=(P×(ns-nm))/120
• =P×sns/120=sfe

Lecture
Lecture281 4
• What would be the frequency of the rotor’s
induced voltage at any speed nm?
• fr=sfe
• When the rotor is blocked (s=1), the frequency
of the induced voltage is equal to the supply
frequency
• On the other hand, if the rotor runs at
synchronous speed (s = 0), the frequency will
be zero

Lecture
Lecture281 5
Torque
• While the input to the induction motor is
electrical power, its output is mechanical power
and for that we should know some terms and
quantities related to mechanical power
• Any mechanical load applied to the motor shaft
will introduce a Torque on the motor shaft. This
torque is related to the motor output power and
the rotor speed
• 𝜏load=pout/ωm
• and ωm=2πnm/60 rad/s

Lecture
Lecture281 6
Power output in Horse power

• Another unit used to measure mechanical


power is the horse power
• It is used to refer to the mechanical output
power of the motor
• Since we, as an electrical engineers, deal with
watts as a unit to measure electrical power,
there is a relation between horse power and
watts
• hp=746 watts
Lecture
Lecture281 7
Example Problem

A 208-V, 10hp, four pole, 60 Hz, Y-connected


induction motor has a full-load slip of 5 percent
1. What is the synchronous speed of this motor?
2. What is the rotor speed of this motor at rated
load?
3. What is the rotor frequency of this motor at
rated load?
4. What is the shaft torque of this motor at rated
load?
Lecture
Lecture281 8
Solution
1. What is the synchronous speed of this motor?
nsync =(120fe )/P=(120×60)/4=1800rpm
2. What is the rotor speed of this motor at rated load?
nm=(1-s)ns (Given data slip=5%=0.05)
=(1-0.05)×1800=1710rpm
3. What is the rotor frequency of this motor at rated
load?
fr=sfe=0.05×60=3Hz
4. What is the shaft torque of this motor at rated load?
𝜏load=Pout/ωm = Pout/(2×3.14×nm)/60
= 10hp×746watt/hp/(1710×2×3.14×(1/60))
=41.7 N.m Lecture 28 9
Torque-speed characteristics

Torque-speed characteristics of induction motor


10
1. The induced torque is zero at synchronous
speed. Discussed earlier.
2. The curve is nearly linear between no-load
and full load. In this range, the rotor
resistance is much greater than the
reactance, so the rotor current, torque
increase linearly with the slip.
3. There maximum possible
torque that can’t be exceeded.
4.This torque is called
pullout torque and is
2 to 3 times the rated full-load torque. 11
4. The starting torque of the motor is slightly
higher than its full-load torque, so the motor
will start carrying any load it can supply at
full load.
5. The torque of the motor for a given slip varies
as the square of the applied voltage.
6. If the rotor is driven faster
than synchronous speed
it will run as a generator,
converting mechanical
power to electric power.

Lecture
Lecture281 12
Complete Speed-torque characteristics

Lecture 1 13
A two-pole, 50-Hz induction motor supplies 15kW
to a load at a speed of 2950 rpm.
• What is the motor’s slip?
• Answer
• nsync =(120fe )/P=(120×50)/2=3000 rpm
• S= (nsync-nm)/nsync
=(3000-2950)/3000=0.0167=1.67%
•What is the induced torque in the motor in N.m under
these conditions?
• Assume Pconv= Pload and 𝜏ind= 𝜏load
• 𝜏ind=Pconv/ωm
= 15×103/(2950×3.14/60)=48.6 N.m

Lecture
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Thank You

Lecture 28 15

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