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Comparator Report

This document describes a circuit that uses operational amplifiers as comparators to light specific LEDs depending on the voltage level, with LED D3 lighting between 2.25V and 4.5V, LED D2 between 4.5V and 6.75V, and LED D1 between 6.75V and 9V. The circuit provides a visual indication of the voltage level. It has applications for monitoring battery levels, temperature, and as a proximity detector.

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29 views2 pages

Comparator Report

This document describes a circuit that uses operational amplifiers as comparators to light specific LEDs depending on the voltage level, with LED D3 lighting between 2.25V and 4.5V, LED D2 between 4.5V and 6.75V, and LED D1 between 6.75V and 9V. The circuit provides a visual indication of the voltage level. It has applications for monitoring battery levels, temperature, and as a proximity detector.

Uploaded by

adityamukherjee.dgp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aditya Mukherjee

22ME10106
Mechatronics Assignment 1

LED-BASED VOLTAGE INDICATOR/BAR GRAPH VOLTMETER

AIM
This report explains how we created a circuit to show different voltage levels using three LEDs. The circuit uses four
op-amps as comparators and lights up the LEDs at specific voltage points (2.25V, 4.5V, and 6.75V) for a clear visual
indication of the voltage level.

ITEMS
 Op AMP(Op07)
 LED(Yellow, Red, Green)
 Resistors(1K, 4.7K)

CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The purpose of this circuit is to illuminate a specific LED based on a
given voltage range. In this setup, LED D3 lights up when the voltage
is between 2.25V and 4.5V, LED D2 lights up between 4.5V and 6.75V,
and LED D1 lights up between 6.75V and 9V. Four 1KΩ resistors are
used to create voltages of 9V, 6.75V, 4.5V, and 2.25V in the schematic.

To achieve this, we use an operational amplifier as a switch based on


a reference voltage. For example, if the reference voltage (Vref) is set to 2.25V, the operational amplifier acts as an
on-off device, producing a high voltage of +Vcc and -Vcc during operation.
V0 = A x (Vref – Vi)
= A x Vd
If V0 > Vsat = Vcc
=> V0 = Vcc
Else if V0 < Vsat = -Vcc
=> V0 = -Vcc

For a practical OP-Amp: A ~ 105, and the applied voltages all lie in the ranges of 1V – 10V, hence the only two outputs
possible are –Vcc and +Vcc.

In the circuit demonstrated above, when


 0 < Vin < 2.25V, VA = VB = VC = VD = -9V => all LEDs are in off state.
 2.25V < Vin < 4.5V, VA = VB = VC = -9V and VD = +9V => VDC > 0 => only D3 is on
 4.5V < Vin < 6.75V, VA = VB = -9V and VC = VD = +9V => VCB > 0 => only D2 is on
 6.75 < Vin < 9V, VA = -9V and VB = VC = VD = +9V => VAB > 0 => only D1 is on

APPLICATION
 The provided circuit is versatile for monitoring battery levels in home appliances like a battery inverter.
 For temperature monitoring, connect the circuit to a standard temperature sensor (Vin) and adjust reference
voltages precisely. LEDs can then indicate specific temperatures, such as 298K, 323K, 348K, etc.
 As a proximity detector, utilize an infrared sensor as an input to signal the proximity of a target obstacle.

REFERENCES
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/linear_integrated_circuits_applications/
linear_integrated_circuits_applications_comparators.htm

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