BASIC SQL

Tutor: Nguyễn Lê Chí Bảo

 Course detail

➢ Basics for SQL and Relational Database

➢ Working knowledge of SQL and Relational Database
➢ Connect to Database and run SQL queries. Assignment to apply concepts with
real world Dataset:
- Using SELECT to retrieve columns from a table
- Sorting and filtering query results
- Using joins and subqueries to retrieve data from multiple tables
- Using built-in functions, aggregations, and groupings
- Inserting, updating, and deleting data
 01 03

Getting started with Using Subqueries and Joins

MODULE Transact - SQL

02 04
Relational Database Data normalization
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GET STARTED WITH
TRANSACT - SQL
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Introduction to SQL

Using SQL Statement

Introduction to SQL
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WHAT IS SQL?

• A language used for relational databases.

• Query data.

• Different types of SQL

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WHAT IS DATA?

• Collection of Fact (words, numbers, pictures,...).

• One of the most critical assets of any business.

• Needs to be secure.
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WHAT IS DATABASE?

• A repository of data.
• Provides the functionality for adding, modifying
and querying that data.
• Different kinds of databases store data in
different forms.
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Relational Database

• Data stored in tabular form - columns and rows.

• Relationship can exist between tables(hence: “relational”).
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Relational Database
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Database Management System (DBMS)

• Software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on

data.
• A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a
database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete
data in the database.
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Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

Using SQL Statement
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SQL Statement Types

Data Manipulation Language (DML) Data Definition Language (DDL) Data Control Language (DCL)

Statements for querying and Statements for defining database Statements for assigning
modifying data: objects: security permissions:
• SELECT • CREATE • GRANT
• INSERT • ALTER • REVOKE
• UPDATE • DROP • DENY
• DELETE
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Data Types
Exact Numeric Approximate Numeric Charater Date/Time Binary

Tinyint Float Char Date Binary

Smallint real Varchar Time Varbinary

Int Text Datetime Image

Bigint Nchar

Nvarchar

Ntext
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CREATE
CREATE DATABASE Statement: create a new SQL database.

CREATE DATABASE databasename;

CREATE TABLE Statement: create a new table in a database.

CREATE TABLE table_name(

column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
…
);
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CREATE - Example
CREATE DATABASE Statement
ID Name phoneNumber Address

CREATE DATABASE D4E;

CREATE TABLE Statement

CREATE TABLE Customer(

ID int,
Name varchar(100),
phoneNumber varchar(10),
Address varchar(100)
)
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INSERT INTO Statement

INSERT INTO: insert new records in a table.
Specify both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,…)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,…);

Adding values for all the columns of the table:

INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,…);
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INSERT INTO Statement - Example

INSERT INTO Customer (ID, Name, phoneNumber, Address)
VALUES (1, N‘Nguyễn Lê Chí Bảo’, ‘0915442420’, N‘Hồ Chí Minh’ );

ID Name phoneNumber Address

1 Nguyễn Lê Chí Bảo 0915442420 Hồ Chí Minh

2 Trần Thị Thùy Linh 0924556999 Hà Nội

3 Trần Trung Quân 0912436767 Đà Nẵng

…
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SELECT
SELECT statement: select data from a database.
Specific columns

SELECT column1, column2, column3,…

FROM table_name;

All columns

SELECT *
FROM table_name;
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WHERE
WHERE statement: used to filter records (extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition).

SELECT column1, column2, column3,…

FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Element Expression Role

3 SELECT <select list> Defines which columns to return

1 FROM <table source> Defines table(s) to query

2 WHERE <search condition> Filters rows using a predicate

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WHERE - Example
Selects all the customers
from the country "Mexico",
in the "Customers" table:

SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE Country = ‘Mexico’;
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WHERE

Group Operator Description

+ Addition

- Subtraction

* Multiplication
Arithmetic Operators
/ Division

% Returns the integer remainder of a division.

For example, 17 % 5 = 2 because the remainder of 17 divided by 5 is 2.
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WHERE
Group Operator Description

= Equal

!= or <> Not equal

< Greater than

Comparison operators
> Less than

>= Greater than or equal

<= Less than or equal

AND Return records that meet all the conditions separated by AND in WHERE clause.

Logical operators OR Return records that meet any of the conditions separated by OR in WHERE clause.

NOT Return records that do not satisfy any of the conditions in WHERE clause.

[NOT] BETWEEN Returns values [NOT] within a given range

[NOT] IN Specify multiple values in a WHERE clause (a shorthand for multiple OR conditions)
SQL operators
IS [NOT] NULL Returns records having [NOT] NULL values in the given fields.

[NOT] LIKE Returns records that [DO NOT] match a specified pattern in a column.
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WHERE
IN BETWEEN

SELECT column_name(s) SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2,…) WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1
AND value2;

• The BETWEEN operator selects values within a given

SELECT column_name(s) range. The values can be numbers, text, or dates.
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (SELECT statement) • The BETWEEN operator is inclusive: begin and end
values are included
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WHERE
LIKE

SELECT column_name(s) % : The percent sign represents zero, one, or multiple

FROM table_name characters
WHERE column_name LIKE parttern _ : The underscore represents a single character
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DISTINCT

SELECT DISTINCT statement: return only distinct (different) values.

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2,…

FROM table_name
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DISTINCT - Example
Selects only the DISTINCT
values from the "Country"
column in the "Customers"
table:

SELECT DISTINCT Country

FROM Customers
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TOP

TOP statement: specify the number of records to return.

SELECT TOP number column_name(s)

FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
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TOP - Example
Selects the first three records
from the "Customers" table

SELECT TOP 3 *
FROM Customers
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COUNT
COUNT statement: returns the number of rows that matches a specified criterion.

SELECT COUNT(Column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Number of rows in a table:

SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM table_name;
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UPDATE

UPDATE statement: returns the number of rows that matches a specified criterion.

UPDATE table_name
SET column1= value1, column2 = value2,…
WHERE condition;
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UPDATE - Example
Updates the first customer
(CustomerID = 1) with a new
contact person and a new city.

UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName = 'Alfred
Schmidt', City= 'Frankfurt'
WHERE CustomerID = 1;
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DELETE
DELETE statement: delete existing records in a table..

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE condition;
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DELETE - Example
Deletes the customer "Alfreds
Futterkiste" from the
"Customers" table.

DELETE FROM Customers

WHERE CustomerName='Alfreds Futterkiste';
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Introduction to SQL
• SQL, Data, Database
• DBMS, RDBMS

Using SQL Statement

• Data types
• SELECT, COUNT, DISTINCT
• INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
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PRACTICE
Table: https://data.sfgov.org/Culture-and-Recreation/Film-Locations-in-San-Francisco/yitu-d5am
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PRACTICE
1. Retrieve the fun facts and filming locations of all films.
2. Retrieve the names of all films released in the 20th century and before (release years before 2000
including 2000) that, along with filming locations and release years.
3. Retrieve the names, production company names, filming locations, and release years of the films which
are not written by James Cameron.
4. Retrieve the number of locations of the films which are directed by Woody Allen.
5. Retrieve the number of films shot at Russian Hill.
6. Retrieve the number of rows having a release year older than 1950 from the "FilmLocations" table.
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PRACTICE
Table: Instructor

1. Insert a new instructor record with id 4 for Sandip Saha who lives in Edmonton, CA into the "Instructor" table.
2. Insert two new instructor records into the "Instructor" table. First record with id 5 for John Doe who lives in
Sydney, AU. Second record with id 6 for Jane Doe who lives in Dhaka, BD.
3. Update the city for Sandip to Toronto.
4. Update the city and country for Doe with id 5 to Dubai and AE respectively.
5. Remove the instructor record of Doe whose id is 6.
 THANKS
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and Name: Nguyễn Lê Chí Bảo
infographics & images by Freepik and illustrations Email: [email protected]
by Storyset Phone: 091 544 2420
Linkedin: nguyenlechibao