1155 EEE F416 20230525114734 Comprehensive Exam Question Paper

Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (Rajasthan)
EEE F416 Digital Communication

Second Semester 2022-23
Date : 12/05/2023 Comprehensive Exam Max. Marks: 80
Name: __________________________________ID No. _________________ Time: 180 min

Instructions:
min
1) This is a closed book, closed notes exam. Only 2 A4 size, double sided hand-written formula
sheet is allowed.
2) Show all the steps clearly. If I cannot interpret it, I cannot grade it.
Q.1a) There are 6 bottles of wine, out of which one bottle has gone bad (tastes terrible). From inspection
of the bottles it is determined that the probability 𝑝i of i-th bottle being bad is given by
(p1 , p2 , p3 , p4 , p5 , p6 ) = (8/23, 6/23, 4/23, 2/23, 2/23, 1/23). Tasting will determine the bad wine.
Suppose you taste the wines one at a time. Choose the order of tasting to minimize the expected number
of tastings required to determine the bad bottle. Remember, if the first 5 wines pass the test you don’t
have to taste the last. [2+1+4+1 = 8]
(i) What is the expected number of tastings required?
(ii) Which bottle should be tasted first?
Now you get smart. For the first sample, you mix two of the wines in a fresh glass and sample the
mixture. You proceed, mixing and tasting, stopping when the bad bottle has been determined.
(iii) What is the minimum expected number of tastings required to determine the bad wine?
(iv) What mixture should be tasted first?
Q.1b) Consider the Lempel Ziv encoding for quaternary data (symbols: 0,1,2,3). Encode the following
data: 1 3 3 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3. What is the compression ratio obtained? Does this
scheme actually cause any compression? Justify. [7]
2E
Q.2a) Find the optimum threshold γo for detecting equally likely signals, s1 (t) = √ T cos(ωt), s2 (t) =
E 2
√
2T
cos(ωt + π), in AWGN using a correlator receiver. Assume the basis signal ψ1 (𝑡) = √𝑇 cos(ω𝑡).
[5]
Q.2b) A system using matched filter detection of equally likely BPSK signals, s1 (t) =
2E 2E 𝐸
√
T
cos(ωt), s2 (t) = √ T cos(ωt + π), operates in AWGN with a received 𝑁𝑏 of 6.8 dB. Let 𝑧(𝑡) be
𝑜
the output of the matched filter. Assume that 𝑬{𝑧(𝑇)} = ±√𝐸.

(i) If the decision threshold is 𝛾 = 0.1 √𝐸, find the bit error probability 𝑃𝑏 . [10]
(ii) The threshold of 𝛾 = 0.1 √𝐸 is optimum for a particular set of priori probabilities 𝑃(𝑠1 ) and 𝑃(𝑠2 ).
Find the values of these probabilities. [5]
Q.3a) Explain the Nyquist pulse shaping criterion for bandlimited communication and its significance.
Prove the condition of Nyquist pulse shaping in frequency domain. [10]
Q.3b) The transmission of a signal pulse with a raise cosine spectrum through a channel results in the
following (noise-free) sampled output from the demodulator: 𝑥𝑘 = {−0.5,0.1,1, −0.2,0.05, 0} for 𝑘 =
{−2, −1,0,1,2, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒}, respectively. Assume that the pulse is sampled at 1/𝑇, which is also the
symbol rate. [8+7 = 15]
(i) Determine the tap coefficients of a three-tap linear equalizer based on the zero-forcing criterion.
(ii) For the coefficients determined in (i), determine the output of the equalizer. Thus, determine the
residual ISI and its span in time.
P.T.O
Q.4a) In a coherent FSK system, the signals 𝑠1 (𝑡) and 𝑠2 (𝑡) representing symbols 0 and 1, respectively
are defined by,
∆𝑓
𝑠1 (𝑡), 𝑠2 (𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐 cos [2𝜋 (𝑓𝑐 ± ) 𝑡] , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑇𝑏
2
Assuming that 𝑓𝑐 > ∆𝑓, find the correlation coefficient of signals 𝑠1 (𝑡) and 𝑠2 (𝑡), and hence determine
the minimum value of frequency shift ∆𝑓 for which 𝑠1 (𝑡) and 𝑠2 (𝑡) are orthogonal. [10]
Q.4b) White Gaussian noise of zero mean and power spectral density 𝑁𝑜 /2 is applied to the filtering
scheme as shown in Fig. 1a. The frequency responses of these two filters are shown in Fig. 1b. The
noise at the low pass filter output is denoted by 𝑛(𝑡). [7+3=10]
(i) Find the power spectral density and the autocorrelation function of 𝑛(𝑡).
(ii) Find the mean and variance of 𝑛(𝑡).
Fig. 1a Fig. 1b
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Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (Rajasthan)

EEE F416 Digital Communication

Name: __________________ID No. _ Time: 180 min

the output of the matched filter. Assume that 𝑬{𝑧(𝑇)} = ±√𝐸.

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