INTERNSHIP-IV (11360004)

An Internship Report on

HIMALAYA’S LANDMARK PROJECT

Completed at

AMADIUS REALITY

Submitted by

PANDYA NISARG JAYESHKUMAR

22021302020005

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Diploma Engineering
In

Civil Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Monark University, Vahelal

[SUMMER 2024]
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 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal, Ahmedabad

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report submitted has been carried out by
PANDYA NISARG JAYESHKUMAR (22021302020005) at AMADIUS REALITY under
my guidance in partial fulfilment in 6th Semester for the Diploma Engineering in Civil
Engineering of Monark University, Vahelal during the academic year 2023-24.

Prof. Vrundani Vaidya Dr. Jaydip Jadia

Internal Guide Head of the Department
Civil Engineering Department

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPANY/INDUSTRY

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 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal, Ahmedabad.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship entitled
HIMALAYA’S LANDMARK PROJECT submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of the
of Diploma Engineering in Civil Engineering to Monark University, Vahelal, is a bonafide
record of original project work carried out by me, at AMADIUS REALTY under the
supervision of HITENDRA PATEL and that no part of this report has been directly copied
from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due reference.

Name of Student: PANDYA NISARG JAYESHKUMAR

Sign of Student :

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the guide, Prof. Jaydip Jadia, for his
invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the process. His expertise,
patience, and feedback have been instrumental in shaping my ideas and guiding me towards
the completion of this Internship.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to the faculty members of the Civil Department
as well as H.O.D of Civil Department, Prof. Jaydip Jadia, for their valuable insights and
feedback on my Internship. Their critiques, suggestions, and encouragement have helped me
to develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

In addition, I would like to thank my Family and Friends for their unwavering support and
encouragement throughout this journey. Their love, motivation, and belief in me have been
the driving force behind my academic success.

Once again, I express my deepest gratitude to all those members who have contributed to the
successful completion of this thesis and progress.

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ABSTRACT

This summer internship helped me to apply my theoretical knowledge

gained during the college academic programme into sight and
experience professional construction process. It helped me to enhance
my skill and to enrich my sight knowledge by keeping me update with
latest technologies. This opportunity is helped me to stay in
environment where I could think as a civil engineer.

In this project I have done study on building construction, its process

and functions, construction method and which type of materials used.
I am also studied basic concept of SOM (Strength of Mechanics),
RCC, Steel structure, analysis software STAAD.PRO and drafting
software AUTOCAD. To get better acquainted with the design
techniques, various components of building like foundation, column,
and slab were designed manually.

This report document contains the knowledge and experience I have

gained through my internship at ‘Himalaya Falaknuma’.

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 Content
Certificate..................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgement........................................................................................................ 4
Abstract......................................................................................................................... 5

Chapter 1: Introduction
1. About the company................................................................................................... 7
2. Aim and Objectives of the organization................................................................... 7
3. Statement of the Project............................................................................................ 8

Chapter 2: skill learned & process of building construction phases

1. Components of Building........................................................................................ 9
2. Production of concrete............................................................................................ 10
3. Concrete Cube Test................................................................................................. 13
4. Drawing................................................................................................................... 15
5. Planning................................................................................................................... 17
6. Block Masonry........................................................................................................ 18
7. Coping..................................................................................................................... 20
8. Scaffolding.............................................................................................................. 22
9. Plastering…............................................................................................................. 23
10. Formwork................................................................................................................ 25
11. Slab Shuttering........................................................................................................ 26
12. Column Shuttering................................................................................................... 29
13. Beam Bottom........................................................................................................... 31
14. Staircase................................................................................................................... 33
15. Steel......................................................................................................................... 36
16. Curing of the Concrete.............................................................................................
39
17. Core Cutting............................................................................................................ 40
18. Jacketing.................................................................................................................. 41
19. Flooring................................................................................................................... 42
20. Water Proofing........................................................................................................ 44

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Chapter 3: Overall Experience
1. Technical
Experience.............................................................................................. 46
2. Personal
Experience................................................................................................ 46

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
 ABOUT THE COMPANY:-

The name of the construction organization is Himalaya Developers.

‘Under Promise over Delivery’ with this simple philosophy
Himalaya group set its foundation in 1991. In a short span of time
this forward looking group carved a niche for itself in the
demanding and dynamic real estate industry. Several projects
have done by them today.
HIMALAYA’S LANDMARK PROJECTS:
Himalaya Mall @ Drive-in Road
Himalaya ELANZA @ RTO
Himalaya OASIS @ Jodhpur
Himalaya PEARL @ Motera
Himalaya CALISTA @ Paldi
Himalaya SKYZ @ Bhavnagar

 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE COMPANY:-

VISION STATEMENT
To be a leader among the world class companies in Real Estate, to
build an organization driven with value, culture and integrity.

MISSION STATEMENT
To create product and services that makes the difference, to serve the
society with par excellence, to the ability and passion to work wisely.

VALUE STATEMENT
Leadership: Ability to guide others without force into a direction.
Collaboration: To work jointly with others or together.
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 STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT

HIMALAYA FALAKNUMA

Site Location: Juhapura , Ahmedabad

Type: 2-3 & 4 BHK Premium Livings and Shops

Total Area: 6,50,000 sq. ft.

Utility of the building: Residential and commercial ( upto 3rd

floor)

No. of stories: G+14

375 Apartments
112 Shops
2 Level Basement Parking
Estimated Construction cost: 130cr+

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 CHAPTER – 2
SKILL LEARNED AND PROCESS OF
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PHASES
 COMPONENTS OF BUILDING:-
SUB STRUCTURE – Foundation is a part of the sub structure. It is
constructed according to soil quality at that site. Sub structure is a
load bearing structure.
If soil have good bearing capacity than we use shallow foundation in
construction and if the baring capacity of soil is not good or suitable
than we use deep foundation at the site.
SUPER STRUCTURE – Super structure is a part of structure that is
above plinth level (P.L). Following are the important part of super
structure,

 Floor
 Roof
 Lintel
 Parapet
 Sun shade
 Doors & Windows
During this internship period I have worked on RCC part of the
structure at site. The structure is load bearing type. Here various
learning points like
Drawing
Planning
Formwork
Arrangement of reinforcement, Production of concrete

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  PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE:-
CONCRETE =
CEMENT+SAND+WATER+AGGREGATE+ADMIXTURE
Admixture is used for increase strength of concrete.
Concrete is made by tilting type of machine mixture. Concrete work
is an important for strength of structure that’s why it done by suitable
method and technology.

Grades of concrete: Strength and composition of concrete.

Minimum strength of concrete possess after 28 days of construction.
The principle of grading is that the smaller particles will fill up the
voids between large particles.

Concrete Grade Mix Ratio Compressive strength

MPa ( N/mm2 )
(cement : sand : aggregate)
M 20 1 : 1.5 : 3 20
M 30 Design Mix 30
M 40 Design Mix 40

*Where MPa denotes overall strength

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TRUCK MIXER
Now a day RMC concrete (ready mix concrete) is very uses because
the rapid construction ,mass concreting, and effectively construction
is possible though RMC truck .

The concrete carrying capacity of

RMC truck is 7 CM (cubic meter)
volume of concrete. For placing the
concrete from RMC truck to the place
For the pouring the concrete at the
casting place pump and pipes are used

In many case of the concrete is not

poured by pump because of lack of
land or the structural member are
small and they cannot handle the

Maximum 7cm. Concrete

BUCKET 0.3 cm

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 CEMENT:-
OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) Used in All types of construction
like slab, beam, stair, lift, etc.
PPC (Portland Pozzolna Cement) Used in Plaster.

The initial setting time of

cement = 30 minutes (1/2 hr)
The final setting time of cement
= 10 hrs

 AGGREGATE
Neat cement is very rarely used
in construction works since its
liable to shrink too much and
becomes cracks on setting.
Moreover it will be costly to use
neat cement therefore cement is
mixed with some strong & hard
materials. They also reduce cost
of concrete.
Two types of aggregate used in
concrete

1. Fine Aggregate

2. Coarse Aggregate
Size = 10 mm or 20 mm

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  CONCRETE CUBE TEST:-
The concrete cube test is performed for the purpose of determining
the compressive strength of a concrete element. The cubes used for
this test have a dimension of 150 x 150 x 150 mm as long as the
largest aggregate does not exceed 20 mm. Generally speaking, the
cubes are cured for and tested at 7 and 28 days, although certain
projects might require curing and testing times of 3, 5, 7, 14, or more
days. The results from the compressive strength test are used to
determine the strength of the concrete. If the test results are
inconclusive or show that your concrete isn’t curing as quickly as it
should, you risk not being able to advance your project as soon as you
would like to. Grade of the concrete are measures in terms of M
values.
M stands for mix .that is basically concrete mix consisting cement,
sand, aggregate and water. And value after M I defined the
compressive strength in N/mm2 after 28 days.
Mix Ratio cement in Sand in Water in Compressive
(M) kgs kgs liters strength
After 28 days
(N/mm2 )
5 1:5:10 141 785 70.5 5

7.5 1:4:8 174 773 87 7.5

10 1:3:6 226 753.60 113 10

15 1:2:4 322 717.80 161 15

20 1:1.5:3 403.20 672 201.60 20

25 1:1:2 565 565 282.50 25

30 1:1:3 452 452 226 30

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 STEPS FOLLOW FOR COMPRESSIVE CUBE TESTS:-

1) Take a concrete and pour the concrete in to the ISI standard

150mm*150mm*150mm mould in to the three equal layer and each layer
is uniformly and equally tempted by 16 mm diameter of the rod.
2) Take a concrete float and finish the surface of the mould.
3) Dismantle the mould after the 24 hrs, and put the concrete cube in the
water for the curing purpose.
4) After the 28 days, universal testing machine is used for the measurement of
the compressive strength of the concrete.

After well dried weight of cube is checking, its not be less than 8.1 kg.

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 DRAWING:-
In the drawing I see the plan of the site.

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LINE DIAGRAM WITH INTERNAL ELEVATION

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 FLOOR PLAN

 PLANNING:-
It is the process of modelling and analysis of any RCC framed
structure. In this part a rough sketch is drawn over the architectural
drawing depicting the various components that can be designed by the
structural engineer.
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It also involved the thought on forces that will be imposed over the
structure and their calculations.

Following things are considered in planning:

 Initial assumptions of sizes of beams and columns
 Single unit plan
 Beam plan
 Slab plan
 Electricity plan
 Plumbing plan
 Schedule of Reinforcement for RCC slabs
 Beam details
 Typical floor plan

 BLOCK MASONRY:-
Masonry is an assembly of bricks, blocks or stone held together with
mortar. The common material used in masonry are Brick, Stone,
Concrete block.
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Concrete block masonry is widely used for high rise building
structure. The most common application of block masonry is walls for
building.

 Block Size:
1.
100mm×200mm×600mm
2.
150mm×200mm×600mm
3.
200mm×200mm×600mm
4.
230mm×200mm×600mm
 Quantity
1 truck = 25m^3
For ex. 100×200×600
Block volume=0.012
Approx.
2100 block in 1
truck

 GROUN
D
LEVEL
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  PLINTH LEVEL
 SEAL LEVEL
 LINTEL LEVEL
 SLAB LEVEL

• PLUMB BOB (ઓળંબો)

A plumb bob with a pointed tip on the
bottom from a beam or slab and used
as a vertical reference line.
• LINING (લાઇન દોરી)
Used for the level
For ex. All block remain in same level.
• MEASUREMENT
As per plan measure room size, kitchen, hall, W.C.
• CHEMICAL
BLOCK BOND - Between block to block joint this chemical is
used for strength.

 COPING:-

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Coping means covering the top of the wall with a layer of stone,
Block, brick with concrete. Coping keep the building safe from
seepage of water during rainfall and earthquake conditions.
Window’s lower face
Seal level = 1m
Generally M15 grade concrete used in coping.
M30 OR M40

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• REBARING
Insert the steel bars in concrete structure.
Size =75-100 mm
Chemical
(Foslo company)

 Chicken mesh
It strengthens the
plaster against forces.
Mainly to avoid the

xxiv
 crack formed due to insufficient gap filling between RCC
column and block joint.
Material - fibre

 MICRO CONCRETE:-
Micro concrete is a cement based coating which can be applied thinly
(approx. 2-3 mm) to a range of different surfaces including tile and
wood. It provides the look and feel of concrete at a fraction of the cost
and weight of real concrete.
It’s similar to another material called micro cement.
It is durable and can be applied easily to surfaces internally and
externally.
It is also a waterproof material and therefore it makes for an ideal
covering option for bathrooms and splash backs in kitchen.
Ratio of water cement is 1:8.
Uses of Micro concrete:

 Pre-packaged mix
 Reduced water requirements
 Fast drying

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  SCAFFOLDING:-
The scaffolding is a temporary structure on the outside of a building
to support platforms. Used by workers while constructing, plastering
etc. This temporary formwork is useful in building construction,
demolition, maintenance and repair works. Scaffolding is erected
either on one or both sides of the wall. The height of the scaffolding
can be adjusted with the progress of the work.

 Types of
scaffolding
Single
scaffolding
Double
scaffolding
Ladder
scaffolding
Cantilever
scaffolding
Steel scaffolding
Timber
scaffolding
Suspended
scaffolding

In this site
steel
scaffolding
is used.
Mostly steel
material are
used
because of
high strength and durability.

xxvi
 Therefore workers can use it to transport heavy equipment and
supplies.
Its initial cost is more, but it can be used for longer period.

 PLASTERING:-
Plastering is the process of
covering rough walls and uneven
surfaces in the construction of
concrete structures. Purpose of
protect wall and other concrete
element against the atmospheric effect.
In plaster cement, sand and water is used.
Cement is PPC.
Thickness: 12mm-20mm

 Clean the surface with water and is kept wet till applying plaster.
 Preliminary coat is applied on the surface to fill up hollow portion
of masonry.
 First coat of plastering is called “chhant”.
 Thickness of first coat is 9-10mm.
 Second coat is applied after 6hrs and thickness of this coat is 10
mm.

xxvii
 The final setting coat should not be applied until the previous coat
is almost dry.
 Cement plaster and cement mortar ratio 1:3 or 1:4 for plastering on
RCC.
 Complete plaster is allowed to rest for 1 day and watered for at
least 7 days.

 PLASTERING TOOLS
• TROWEL (લેલુ)
• METAL FLOAT(પતરું)
280mm×130mm
• WOODEN FLOAT
Used for the finishing coat of plaster
• ALUMINIUM
CHANNEL
(plaster પટ્ટી)
Size = 1.5m, 2m
• RIGHT
ANGLED
SCALE
• MEASURING
TAPE

 BULL
(THIYA):-
Plastering thickness
is marked by bull.
Wall lines & right angles are consider while fixing the bull marks.
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 DEFECTS IN PLASTER
Cracking
Efflorescence
Falling out of plaster
Blowing of plaster

 FORMWORK:-
Formwork is also called SHUTTERING.
Formwork is a temporary mould to provide support to fresh concrete
when placed in structure until concrete is hardened.
It provides supports to horizontal, vertical, and inclined surfaces or
also provides supports to cast concrete according to required shape &
size.
Generally three types of formwork is used

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 1. Steel formwork
Steel formwork give smooth surfaces and are suitable for big
project.
Easy to assemble
2. Wooden planks formwork
Generally wooden planks formwork is used by contractors because
this formwork is cheap and easily available but this type of
shuttering effects the strength of concrete.
3. Temporary brick masonry formwork

The removal of concrete formwork also called as strike off or

stripping of formwork should be carried out only after the time when
concrete has gained sufficient strength.

 REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FORMWORK:

 It should be carefully designed, so as to be enough to resist the
pressure of fresh concrete and the super imposed loads due to men,
materials and equipment etc.
 It should be rigid enough to retain its original shape without
deformation which is normally restricted to 1/300th of span in
normal cases.
 It should be tight enough so as not to allow cement and other
materials to leak through the joints.
 The formwork should not wrap, bulge, bend or sink and should
remain true to the designed size.
 The inner surface of the formwork should be smooth so as to give
pleasing appearance to the finished surface. The inner surface is
also applied with mould oil to facilitate its removal.

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  SLAB SHUTTERING:-
Slab shuttering is support the weight of concrete during the curing
process and when the concrete slab is positioned on permanent
supports.
Bases are required that are made from wood or metal.
The horizontal joints create a flat surface where timber, plywood,
steel sheets can be used as a base onto which the concrete is poured.
Generally 28 days are required before removing formwork.

After 7-9 days removing the slab supports. In this time curing process
is continued.
Process of removing shuttering is called “Deshuttering”.

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• ONE WAY SLAB
Long length/Short length ≥ 2
Bending of slab takes place in shorter direction
Thickness is more so used steel is also more
• TWO WAY SLAB
Long length/Short length < 2
Bending of slab takes place in both direction
Thickness is less so used steel is also less
• FARMA
Size: 1×3 ft., 1.5×3 ft., 2×3 ft.
• VERTICAL SUPPORT
500mm, 1000mm,
2000mm

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• LEDGER
1200mm
• BOX PIPE
20ft.
100mm×100mm
• TATA BOX
1500mm, 2000mm
50mm
• SPAN
8ft length
(ખોલીએ ત્યારે)15ft maximum

Gap between span = 3ft

• CHAVI (ચાવી)
• VAL PLATE
4”×3”
2440mm

L
IFT WALL SHUTTERING (પડદી)

xxxiii
Casting also known as poured in place is a concreting technique
which is undertaken in the concrete component’s finished portion.
Casting is the preferred choice for concrete slabs and foundations, as
well as components such as beams, columns, walls, roofs and so on.
Casting of concrete can allow for greater flexibility and adaptability,
it can be difficult to control the mix particularly if weather conditions
are not favourable. Cast-in place concrete will also require a strength
test and time for curing.

 SLAB CASTING
PROCESS
1. Shuttering
2. Clear cover
3. Reinforcement
4. Electrical wiring
5. Casting
6. Vibrating

7. Curing

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  COLUMN SHUTTERING:-
Column is a supporting
pillar or a structural
element which transfer the
upcoming load its self-
weight to the hard soil
foundation.
Two end and two side both
are joined by the yokes and
bolts.

 STANDARD
BALANCE
 TATA BOX
1500mm, 2000mm
50mm

 TYROID
 CLAMP
 VERTICAL
SUPPORT
 BOX PIPE
20ft
Size = 100mm×100mm

 JACK SCREW (U-JACK)

 SHEAR KEY/RUFF
 SHIKANJA
12 mm thick

 COLUMN CASTING:-
Height = 9ft

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M40 Grade concrete
0.4 cm concrete used in column casting.

• TYROID
Steel is used because it bonds well with
concrete.
Dia. = 10-15mm

• Parapet wall Shuttering & Casting

Height = 1.2m
M30 Grade concrete

• Overhead Water-tank Shuttering & Casting

Height = 1.8m
Size = 5767×4220mm
M30 Grade concrete

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  BEAM BOTTOM:-
Beam is a structural member constructed to transfer the load, Primary
purpose of beam is transfer the load from slab to the columns or
foundation.
Reinforced concrete beams are commonly used in construction as it
provide extra tensile strength and proves to be economical.
Fixed beam – Both ends fixed

FORMWORK REINFORCEMENT CASTING

Slab thickness = 150mm

Beam depth = 600mm

Thickness of beam bottom = 40

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Plumb bob, Measurement, Column dimensions, Level of Beam
bottom

• Lapping
Lapping means overlapping of two bars side by side.
Required for two different bars are overlapped and get a constant line
of bar.
Length of the steel bar = 12m.
• Lapping length = 52D , Where D is Dia. of steel bar
Both bars are of same dia.

Two bars of different dia. Then smaller value is considered

• Development length (Ld)
Ld means the bar length needed to be projected into the column
Ld = 40D, Where D is Dia. of steel bar
Provide support to the beam not coming out of the concrete.
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• STIRRUPS
Ring Dia. = 8mm
Centre to Centre gap = 200mm
• EXTRA TOP
Placed near support
Situated at the top of
beam
• EXTRA BOTTOM
Placed near support
Situated at the bottom of
beam
• JOINTS
Beam + Column
• TIE
• HOOKS
• MATUM

 STAIRCASE:-
FLIGHT – The inclined slab of staircase is called flight.
MID LANDING – It is level platform at the top or bottom of a flight
between the floors.
RISER - Vertical distance between two tread.
Not be more than 200 mm.

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 Size=150 mm
TREAD - Horizontal distance between two riser.
Size=300 mm
WAY SLAB - The slab below steps in the staircase.

 STAIR CASTING
6mm Dia. Bars at 150mm
12mm Dia. Bars at 150mm
M30 grade concrete used.

DOG LEGGED STAIR

xl
 THREE FLIGHT OPEN WELL STAIR

 QUANTITY
Way slab length = 3.35m
2m Width
Way Slab Thickness = 200 mm
0.2×2×3.35=1.34
Riser=150mm
Tread=300mm
½ ×0.15×0.3×2×10=0.45
Total= 1.34+0.45 = 1.79cm

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 SR. NO. STRUCTURAL MEMBER TIME
1. BEAM SIDES 2-3 DAYS
2. WALL 2-3 DAYS
3. COLUMNS 2 DAYS
4. SLAB (SIDES) 2-3 DAYS
5. SLAB 7-9 DAYS
6. BEAM 7-9 DAYS
7. WATER TANK 2 DAYS
TIME OF REMOVAL OF FORMWORK (DESHUTTERING)

 EFFECTIVE COVER:-
Effective cover is the distance measured from the face of the member
to the centre of area (centroid) of the main reinforcement. This is the
dimension mostly used for design calculation.

Effective cover = Clear cover + Dia. of stirrups/ links + 0.5 x Dia. of

main reinforcement bar.

 PURPOSE OF PROVIDING COVER

To protect the reinforcement from corrosion.

To provide fire resistance to the reinforcement
To provide adequate distance in order to develop required stress by
reinforcement.

xlii
COLUMN - 40 mm
SHEAR WALL - 25 mm
BEAMS - 25 mm
SLABS - 15 mm
STAIRCASE - 15 mm
RETAINING WALL - 20 /25 mm
WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES - 20 /30 mm

 STEEL:-
Information about steel used during construction
STEEL GRADE: FE 415, FE 500 & FE 500D

Diameter of bars uses: 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, 50mm.
Fe 500 grade of steel have yield strength of 500 N/ mm2.

 Bar bending schedule (BBS):-

The process of cutting and bending of steel rod or reinforcement
recommended by the structural engineer is known as a bar bending
schedule (BBS).

The main purpose of the Bar Bending Schedule is to clarify

the location and nature of steel rods in the structural member
like a beam, slab, column, stairs, etc.
• To know the shape of the reinforcement.
• To know the quantity of steel rod in the structure
• To know the diameter and length of a steel rod at different
locations of the structure.
• To know the spacing and bending of a steel rod at different
lengths.
• To know the weight of reinforcement required.
• To calculate the cutting length of steel rod-like, stirrups, ties, ring,
hooks, etc.
xliii
• It helps to guide the workmen in a systematic way of cutting
steel rods.
• It helps to make the project economical by minimizing the
wastage of steel rods.
45 Degree = 1d
90 Degree = 2d
135 Degree = 3d
180 Degree=4d

Due to elongation of the steed due to bending the length of the steel is
increase and the steel length is became the longer than required .So,
After calculating the bar bending schedule of the particular shape and
finding required actual of the steel. We cut the steel according to
length suggest by bar bending schedule and bend the steel according
the given in structural plan and layout of the steel.

xliv
  VIBRATING OF THE CONCRETE:-
Vibration means quickly moving up and down about a point of
equilibrium.
It is used for concrete compaction.
It consolidates freshly poured concrete to remove the trapped air and
excess water.
It is to settle the concrete firmly in the place of form-work.

 TYPES OF VIBRATORS:
Internal Vibrator – In this vibrating concrete from within the
formwork.
External Vibrator – In this vibrating the formwork from the outside.
Form Vibrator
Surface Vibrator

FOR COMPACTION OF CONCRETE

NEEDLE VIBRATOR – DIAMETER 20-75 mm (specific 60 mm)

xlv
  CURING OF THE CONCRETE:-
Curing of Concrete is a method by which the concrete is protected
against loss of moisture required for hydration and kept within the
recommended temperature range.
Curing will increase the strength and decrease the permeability of
hardened concrete.
Curing is also helps in mitigating thermal and plastic cracks, which
can severely impact durability of structures.
A curing practice involves keeping the concrete damp or moist until
the hydration of concrete is complete and strength is attained.
Curing of concrete should begin soon after initial setting time of
concrete or formwork/shuttering is removed and must continue for a
reasonable period of time as per the specified standards, for the
concrete to achieve its desired strength and durability.
WHAT PROPERTY ARE IMPROVED BY CURING:-

 Enhance Hydration of Concrete to achieve desired Strength

 Improved durability of concrete by reducing cracks

xlvi
 Higher serviceability performance by increasing abrasion
resistance
 Improved microstructure by developing better hydrate gels and
solid mass.
METHODS OF CURING:
Water Curing

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  Core cutting:-
Core cutting is a method used for creating holes in concrete for pipes,
wires, etc.
First locate the rebar and mark the position on concrete surface after
that do a core-cut by adjusting location (main bars not cut)

Generally mid section of slab choose for cut.

Cutter Dia. = 130mm and 200mm

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  jacketing:-
Strengthening of column
Load carrying by column is increased (Adding 13th and 14th floor in
building)
Jacketing is modification of existing structure to make them more
resistant. In this process concrete added around the column. It
improve shear strength of column.
Formwork is installed around the
existing column and proper support is
provided then column casting is
occurred. And then curing.

 CHEMICAL
NITOBOND

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  FLOORING:-
The purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface capable of
supporting the occupants of a building, furniture, equipment and
sometimes internal partitions.
To perform this function and in addition the situation of the floor in
the building and the nature of the building itself, the floor must satisfy
following requirements:
Adequate strength and stability
Adequate fire resistance
Sound insulation
Damp resistance
Thermal insulation
While select the material for
flooring smoothness, Hardness,
maintenance of provided material
are considered.

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 TILED FLOORING:
Tiled flooring is constructed form
square, hexagonal, or others shapes made
up of clay, cement concrete or tiles.
These are commonly used in residential
flooring, offices, hospitals, schools.
Over the concrete base a 25 to 30 mm
thick layer of lime mortar ratio 1:3 is
spread to serve as a bedding.
Before laying the tiles it is cured for 12
to 24 hours, near cement slurry is spread
over the bedding mortar and the tiles are
laid flat over it.

• Base concrete
75-100mm thick
Concrete ratio = 1:3:6
• Wearing surface
40mm thick
Concrete ratio = 1:2:4

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  WATER PROOFING:-
Waterproofing is the process of making structure
waterproof. So that is not affected by water.
Usually extensive waterproofing measures are added to a building at
the time of construction, to provide moisture control from the start.

Waterproofing maintains the appearance of the building and increase

the life of the structure.
Waterproofing is done in various part of the building in W.C,
Bathroom, Wash area, Water-tank, Terrace, Basement.

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PROCESS OF WATERPROOFING
• Cleaning
• At sunken portions Apply 1st layer of chemical
Chemical = DR. Fixit LW+ 302
• Fill the blanks (ગાબડા)
• VATA
• Apply 2nd layer of chemical
It’s applied after 4 hrs of 1st layer is dry.
• Water leakage checking
If it is happened repeat this process.
• Water pipes fitting to proper level & slope.
Thickness of layer = 20 mm
Ratio of Cement and sand 1:4
• Finished the surface level
After plumbing work filled the voids Using wastage blocks to the
surface level with 25mm PCC.

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 CHAPTER – 3
OVERALL EXPERIENCE
 TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE:-
During the internship I learn the detailed experience about how the
building constructed.
I learn how to read the plan and what information give us in the detail
of the building plans their layout plan, centre line plans ,column
schedule .
I learned that besides the knowledge the good engineer must have the

management technique, planning of the construction work.

Also I learnt the way of work in an organization, the importance of
being punctual, the importance of maximum commitment and the
importance of team spirit.

The general terms of construction are included in this report.

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Various things which could not have been possible theoretically were
possible to be learnt.

 Personal Experience:-
This internship is an excellent opportunity for me go to the ground
level and experience the things that we would have never giving
through going straight into a job.
Personally I experience that simultaneously of the practical
knowledge and also studying of college is best to implement and
develop the mind and personality as civil engineer.
This internship is lifetime memorable for me. And the experience that
I personally gained is very huge. And personally I thank u to the
engineers which shear the information and teach me.
Interaction with workers and local public was also a great experience.

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