Tech Saksham

Capstone Project Report

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
FUNDAMENTALS

“HEART DISEASE PREDICTION”

“ANNA UNIVERSITY REGIONAL CAMPUS
TIRUNELVELI”
NM ID NAME

au950021135016 EDHISHA SP

RAMER BOSE
Sr. AI Master Trainer
 ABSTRACT

Heart disease is a term covering any disorder of the heart.

Heart diseases have become a major concern to deal with as studies
show that the number of deaths due to heart diseases has increased
significantly over the past few decades in India it has become the
leading cause of death in India. A study shows that from 1990 to 2016
the death rate due to heart disease increased around 34 percent from
155.7 to 209.1 deaths per one lakh population in India.

Thus preventing Heart disease has become more than necessary. Good
data-driven systems for predicting heart diseases can improve the
entire research and prevention process, making sure that more people
can live healthy lives. This is where Machine Learning comes into
play. Machine Learning helps in predicting Heart diseases, and the
predictions made are quite accurate.

1. Problem statement
2. Data collection
3. Existing solution
4. Proposed solution with used models
5. Result
 INDEX

Sr. No. Table of Contents Page No.

1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1

2 Chapter 2: Services and Tools Required 4

3 Chapter 3: Project Architecture 6

4 Chapter 4: Project Outcome 8

5 Conclusion 9

6 Future Scope 10

7 References 11

8 Code 12
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem Statement

The problem statement of heart disease typically revolves around the high prevalence,
significant morbidity, and mortality rates associated with various cardiac conditions. It
encompasses understanding the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
strategies related to heart diseases The problem statement of heart disease prediction
typically involves developing a predictive model that can accurately identify the likelihood
of an individual having heart disease based on certain input features such as medical
history, lifestyle factors, and possibly genetic information. The goal is to create a reliable
tool that healthcare professionals can use to assess a patient's risk of heart disease and
make informed decisions regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

1.2 Proposed Solution

A proper solution for heart disease prediction using modern
technology involves a combination of advanced machine learning
algorithms, big data analytics, and wearable sensor technologies.
Gather comprehensive health data from various sources, including
electronic health records, medical imaging, genetic information,
lifestyle factors (such as diet and exercise), and wearable devices
(like smartwatches or fitness trackers. Identify relevant features
from the collected data that are strongly correlated with heart
disease risk. This may include factors like blood pressure,
cholesterol levels, family history, smoking status, physical activity,
and more. Choose appropriate machine learning models for
classification tasks, such as logistic regression, decision trees,

1
 random forests, support vector machines (SVM), or neural
networks. Train the selected models on the preprocessed data. Use
techniques like cross-validation to ensure robustness and avoid
overfitting. Fine-tune the parameters of the models to optimize their
performance using techniques like grid search or random search.
Evaluate the trained models using appropriate evaluation metrics
such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC score.
Once the best-performing model is selected, deploy it in a
production environment using frameworks like Flask or Django for creating
APIs. Continuously monitor the performance of the deployed model and update it
periodically with new data to ensure its effectiveness over time.

1.3 Feature
Real-Time Analysis: The dashboard will provide real-time analysis of
customer data.

Customer Segmentation: Identify relevant features from the collected

data that are strongly correlated with heart disease risk. This may include
factors like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, family history, smoking
status, physical activity, and more

Predictive Analysis: It will use historical data to predict future customer

behavior

1.4 Advantages
Using machine learning to classify cardiovascular disease
occurrence can help diagnosticians. This research develops a

2
 model that can correctly predict cardiovascular diseases to reduce
the fatality caused by cardiovascular diseases. Heart disease
prediction offers several significant advantages in healthcare.
By leveraging advanced data analytics and predictive
modeling techniques, healthcare providers can identify
individuals at higher risk of developing heart disease before
symptoms manifest, enabling early intervention and
preventive measures

1.5 Scope
The system uses 15 medical parameters such as age, sex, blood
pressure, cholesterol, and obesity for prediction. The EHDPS predicts
the likelihood of patients getting heart disease. It enables significant
knowledge, eg, relationships between medical factors related to heart
disease and patterns, to be established

1.6 Future Work

This project predicts people with cardiovascular disease by extracting
the patient's medical history that leads to fatal heart disease from a
dataset that includes patients' medical history such as chest pain,
sugar level, blood pressure, etc. The model can be used to provide an
enhanced, more accurate framework that would lead to a better
human disease prediction model

3
 CHAPTER 2

SERVICES AND TOOLS REQUIRED

2.1 Services Used

1. Electronic Health Records (EHR): EHR systems store patient health
information, including medical history, lab results, diagnostic tests, and treatment
plans. Analyzing this data can provide valuable insights for predicting heart
disease risk.

2. Machine Learning Platforms: Platforms like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and

sci-kit-learn offer tools and libraries for building and deploying machine learning
models. These platforms enable developers to create predictive algorithms using
various techniques such as logistic regression, random forests, support vector
machines, and deep learning.

3. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing services such as Amazon Web

Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Microsoft Azure provide
scalable infrastructure for storing and processing large healthcare datasets.
Cloud-based solutions facilitate data analysis, model training, and real-time
predictions

4
2.2 Tools and Software used

NumPy: NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific

computing with Python. It provides support for arrays, matrices,
and mathematical functions, which are essential for data
manipulation and preprocessing.

pandas: pandas is a powerful library for data manipulation and

analysis in Python. It offers data structures like DataFrame and
Series, along with tools for reading and writing data from various
file formats.

scikit-learn: scikit-learn is a versatile machine learning library in

Python that provides implementations of various supervised and
unsupervised learning algorithms. It includes algorithms for
classification, regression, clustering, dimensionality reduction,
and model evaluation.

XGBoost / LightGBM: XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) and

LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) are libraries for
gradient boosting algorithms, which are often used for
classification tasks like heart disease prediction. They are known
for their efficiency and high performance.

matplotlib / seaborn: These libraries are used for data

visualization in Python. They provide functions for creating
various types of plots and charts to visualize data distributions,
relationships, and model performance.

5
 CHAPTER 3

PROJECT ARCHITECTURE

3.1 Architecture

USER FRONTEND BACKEND

HTML 5 NODEJS 14.0

Database

The architecture of a heart disease prediction system typically involves

several key components:

1. Data Collection: Gather relevant data sources such as electronic health

records, medical imaging, genetic information, lifestyle factors, and wearable
device data. This may involve accessing databases, APIs, or integrating with
external systems.

2. Preprocessing: Clean and preprocess the collected data to handle missing

values, outliers, and inconsistencies. This step may involve data cleaning,
normalization, feature engineering, and encoding categorical variables.

3. Feature Selection: Identify the most informative features from the

preprocessed data that are strongly correlated with heart disease risk. This step

6
may involve statistical analysis, feature importance ranking, and domain
knowledge.

4. Model Development: Build predictive models using machine learning

algorithms such as logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines,
or deep learning neural networks. Train the models on labeled datasets using
techniques like cross-validation to optimize performance

5. Validation and Evaluation: Validate the predictive models using

independent test datasets and evaluate their performance metrics such as
accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). This step
ensures the models generalize well to unseen data.

6. Deployment: Deploy the trained models into a production environment

where they can be accessed by end-users or integrated with healthcare systems.
This may involve deploying as web services, APIs, or embedding within
applications.

7. Monitoring and Maintenance: Monitor the performance of the deployed

models over time and update them as needed to adapt to changing data
distributions or improve predictive accuracy. This may involve ongoing model
evaluation, retraining, and version control

7
 CHAPTER 4

PROJECT OUTCOME

Model Training and Prediction :

We can train our prediction model by analyzing existing data because
we already know whether each patient has heart disease. This process
is also known as supervision and learning. The trained model is then
used to predict if users suffer from heart disease.

Splitting:
First, data is divided into two parts using component splitting. In this
experiment, data is split based on a ratio of 80:20 for the training set
and the prediction set. The training set data is used in the logistic
regression component for model training, while the prediction set data
is used in the prediction component.
The following classification models are used - Logistic Regression,
Random Forest Classifier, SVM, Naive Bayes Classifier, Decision Tree
Classifier, LightGBM, XGBoost

Prediction:
The two inputs of the prediction component are the model and the
prediction set. The prediction result shows the predicted data, actual
data, and the probability of different results in each group.

Evaluation:
The confusion matrix, also known as the error matrix, is used to
evaluate the accuracy of the model.

8
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, heart disease prediction plays a crucial role in improving

healthcare outcomes by enabling early detection, personalized
intervention, and preventive measures. By leveraging advanced
technologies such as machine learning, big data analytics, and wearable
devices, predictive models can analyze diverse health data sources to
assess an individual's risk of developing heart disease. Early identification
of risk factors allows healthcare providers to offer targeted interventions,
lifestyle modifications, and appropriate treatments to mitigate the
progression of heart disease and reduce associated morbidity and
mortality. Moreover, predictive models facilitate the efficient allocation of
healthcare resources, inform public health planning, and empower
individuals to take proactive steps toward managing their heart health.
However, heart disease prediction also presents challenges, including data
privacy concerns, algorithm bias, and the need for ongoing validation and
refinement of predictive models. Addressing these challenges requires
collaboration among healthcare professionals, data scientists,
policymakers, and technology developers to ensure the ethical, accurate,
and equitable implementation of predictive analytics in healthcare. Overall,
heart disease prediction holds immense potential for improving patient
outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and advancing population health
initiatives by enabling proactive management of cardiovascular risk factors and
enhancing preventive care strategies.

9
 FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of heart disease prediction is promising, driven by

advancements in technology, data analytics, and personalized
medicine. Innovations such as wearable sensors, remote monitoring
devices, and genomic sequencing are poised to revolutionize
cardiovascular risk assessment by providing real-time physiological
data and identifying genetic predispositions. Integration of artificial
intelligence and machine learning algorithms will enable more accurate
and personalized risk prediction models, capable of analyzing complex
datasets and identifying subtle patterns indicative of heart disease.
Moreover, the integration of telehealth platforms and digital health
ecosystems will facilitate seamless data exchange, enabling proactive
interventions and personalized treatment plans tailored to individual
patient needs. Collaborative efforts among healthcare stakeholders,
researchers, and technology developers will be crucial in harnessing
the full potential of heart disease prediction, ultimately leading to
improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and enhanced
population health.

10
 REFERENCES

1. Project Github link, Ramar Bose, 2024

2. Project video recorded link (YouTube/github), Ramar Bose, 2024
3. Project PPT & Report GitHub link, Ramar Bose, 2024

11
 CODE
https://github.com/Edhisha016/HEART-DISEASE-PREDICTION

12