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25 views6 pages

Exp 3

Uploaded by

Swapnil Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heaven’s Light Is Our Guide

Rajshahi University of Engineering &


Technology
Dept. of Mechatronics Engineering
Course No: MTE 4102
Course Title: Automation Sessional
LAB REPORT
Submitted By:
Name: Swapnil Saha Kotha
Roll: 1708049
Class: Fourth Year Odd Semester
Session: 2017-18
Date of Experiment: 30/10/2022
Date of Submission: 05/11/2022
Submitted To
Md. Faisal Rahman Badal
Lecturer
&
Subrata Kumar Sarker
Lecturer
Dept. of MTE, RUET
Experiment No. 03
Experiment Name: Study of different types of Practical problem Solving
with Latching Operation in PLC.
Objectives
• To learn the basics of ladder logic programming and PLC latching function.
• To implement latch circuit for the three given problems using LOGO! Soft Comfort
software.
• To solve another two practical problems using latching operations and PLC ladder
diagram.

Required Apparatus
1. A computer.
2. LOGO! Soft Comfort software.

Theory
A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is an industrial computer used to automate
electromechanical activities, such as the management of machinery on manufacturing
assembly lines, rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are expected to operate flawlessly for years in
industrial settings that are dangerous to the very microelectronic components that give current
PLCs their remarkable flexibility and precision.
Different types of ladder logic diagram that perform different PLC operations. In a ladder logic
program, there is no physical conductor that carries the input signal through to the output. Each
rung in the ladder diagram is a program statement. This program statement consists of a
condition or sometimes conditions, along with some type of action. PLC ladder rungs should
have logical continuity in order for the output to be energized. PLC ladder program uses
familiar terms like “rungs”, “normally open” and “normally closed” contacts.
Latching in PLC
There are several situations when it is crucial to keep an output powered even when the input
stops. The phrase "latch circuit" refers to a circuit that does such an operation. Until another
input is applied, the circuit, which is self-maintaining, keeps itself activated. Latching is one
of the most important pieces of ladder logic programming. When we use the term latching in a
PLC it refers to changing the state of an output to TRUE, holding the state of that output TRUE
until certain conditions occur, then returning the state of the output back to FASLE.
Practice Problem 1
Suppose a system has three motors. Each have individual start and stop switches. When
pressing start switch, the motor starts. At a time, one motor just starts and the remaining motors
must be stopped.
Fig 3.1: Solution to given problem 1
Practice Problem 2
Let there be three sensors in system. Suppose a three-story building each floor have one sensor.
If one sensor is activated the alarm will ring. Then a red signal will blink in the control room.
An operator will press a switch to stop the alarm but the red light remains blinking.

Fig 3.2: Solution to given problem 2

Practice Problem 3

There are two sensors associated with a water tank. If the water is so low, it will activate the
low-level sensor, and as a result, the outlet will be off and the inlet will be on. On the other
hand, if the water is so high it will activate the high-level sensor, and as a result, the inlet will
be off and the outlet will be on.
Fig 3.2: Solution to given problem 2

Demonstrating 2 practical examples of latching using PLC ladder diagram


Example 1
Consider Controlling the running state of the 1 ph motor by pressing START and STOP
pushbuttons i.e. motor should remain in ON state after START pushbutton is pressed and
should OFF when STOP pushbutton is pressed. Checking if the Motor is running normally by
pressing TEST pushbutton. Draw the PLC ladder diagram to illustrate the application.
Solution
PLC Inputs Required
I1 – START pushbutton to Start Motor
I2 – STOP pushbutton to Stop Motor
I3 – Error signal from Motor to PLC
I4 – Test push button
PLC Outputs Required
Q1 – To operate 1 phase motor.
PLC Ladder Programming

Fig 3.4: Solution to practical example 1


PLC Ladder Program Description
• Press START button lightly and I1 = ON. The Motor will keep running if
no error occurred (I3 = OFF). The action can be practiced by a latching circuit
which takes output Y0 as one of the input conditions to keep the motor running
even if the START button is not pressed (normally open contact Q1 below I1).
• When STOP button is pressed, I2 = ON and Q1 = OFF. The motor will stop
running.
• If error occur (I4 = ON), Q1 will be OFF and the motor will stop
running.
• When TEST is pressed (I3 = ON), Q1 = ON. The motor will start running if
no error occurred (I4 = OFF). On the contrary, when TEST is released, the motor
will stop running. The testing function is performed by this process.
Example 2
Draw the PLC ladder diagram for drilling multiple holes in a pattern in a material. Before the
drill starts it is to be ensured that the drilling machine needs to be in the right position first and
the main driller starts subsequently.
Solution
PLC Inputs Required
I1 – START pushbutton to Start Position Control Motor
I2 – START pushbutton to Start Drill Machine
I3 – STOP pushbutton to Stop Position Control Motor
I4 – STOP pushbutton to Stop Drill Machine
PLC Outputs Required
Q1 – Position Control Motor
Q2 – Main Motor
PLC Ladder Programming

Fig 2.3: Solution to example 2


PLC Ladder Program Description
• This program is a typical application of the conditional control circuit using latching.
Q1 = ON when position motor START button I1 is pressed. Therefore, the motor will
start to position drill machine Q2 above the boxes.
• Under the precondition of the operating state of the Q1, the main motor Q2 will be ON
when the drill machine START button I2 is pressed.
• During the operation of Q2, oil pump Q1 needs to work continuously.
• Q1 will be stopped when STOP button I3 is activated, and the drill machine will be
stopped when STOP button I4 is activated.

Discussion
In this experiment, the basics of latching operations with ladder logic programming were learnt.
Then, the problems of controlling water level in tank, motor control, sensor-based fire alarm
along with solutions to 2 other practical problems were implemented using PLC ladder diagram
with the help of LOGO! Soft Comfort software. So, it can be said that the objectives of this
experiment were achieved.

Conclusion
Instead of being used merely as tools, PLCs are increasingly being used as comprehensive
solutions to batch issues and industrial automation. A PLC ensures that all necessary conditions
for a safe start have been created before an item of equipment may start up. Additionally, it
monitors the conditions required for the equipment to function properly and trips the gear when
a systemic aberration is discovered. Latching allows an output to remain active even when the
input is off. Such a circumstance is necessary in certain sectors. As a result, completing this
experiment and using its findings will be highly beneficial for us in the future as mechatronics
engineers.

References
• https://instrumentationtools.com/plc-latching-function/
• https://www.plctutorialpoint.com/basic-plc-ladder-programming-training-3/

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