Assignment-solution:6

1. For a fluid having prandtl number equal to unity, how are

the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness δ, and the
thermal boundary layer thickness δt related?
(1marks)
(a) δ=δt (b) δ>δt

(c) δ<δt (d) δ = δt1/3

ANS:-option(a)
Solution:-
δt = δ / (Pr)1/3
when Pr = 1 ; δ=δt

2. Schmidt number is the ratio of which of the following?

(a)Product of mass transfer coefficient and diameter
to diffusivity of fluid
(b)Kinematic viscosity to thermal diffusivity of fluid
(c)Kinematic viscosity to diffusion coefficient of fluid
(d)Thermal diffusivity to diffusion coefficient of fluid

ANS:- option (c )

3. Consider a rectangular fin that is used to cool a

motorcycle engine. The fin is 0.15 m long and at a
temperature of 250ºC, while the motorcycle is moving at
80 km/h in air at 27ºC.The air is an parallel flow over
both surface of the fin, and turbulent flow condition may
be assumed to exist throughout.
What is the rate of heat removal per unit width of the
fin?
PROPERTIES: Air (412 K, 1 atm): ν = 27.85 × 10-6 m 2 /s,
k = 0.0346 W/m⋅K, Pr= 0.69.
(2 mark)
(a) 5400 W/m
(b) 6550 W/m
(c) 5050 W/m
(d) 5826 W/m
ANS:- option (d)
Solution:-

KNOWN:Length and surface temperature of a rectangular fin.

FIND:(a) Heat removal per unit width, q′, when air at a
prescribed temperature and velocity is in parallel, turbulent
flow over the fin, and (b) Calculate and plot q′ for motorcycle
speeds ranging from 10 to 100 km/h.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS :(1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Negligible

radiation, (3) Turbulent flow over entire surface.
PROPERTIES: Air (412 K, 1 atm): ν = 27.85 × 10 -6 m 2 /s,
k = 0.0346 W/m⋅K, Pr= 0.69.
ANALYSIS:
The heat loss per unit width is
 
q  2  h L(T  T )
L s 

When ℎ̅ is obtained from the correlation,
but with turbulent over the entire surface,
𝑁̅ 𝑢𝐿 = 0.037𝑅𝑒𝐿4/5 𝑃𝑟 1/3
4
1 5
80𝑘𝑚 1000𝑚 3600ℎ
× × × 0.15𝑚 1
ℎ 𝑘𝑚 𝑠
= 0.037 [ 2 ] (0.69)
3

27.85 × 10−6 𝑚 𝑠
= 378
Hence,

̅ℎ𝐿 = 𝑘 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑢𝐿 =
0.0346𝑊/𝑚∙𝐾
378
𝐿 0.15𝑚
= 87W/𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾

q  2  87W / m 2  K  0.15m523  300K 

 
q'  5826W / m.

4. Consider wing of an aircraft as a flat plate of 2.5 m

length in the flow direction. The plane is moving at
100 m/s in air that is at a pressure of 0.7 bar and
temperature of -10ºC. The top surface of the wing
absorbs solar radiation at a rate of 800 W/m2.
Assume to wing to be a solid construction and to have
a single, uniform temperature. Estimate the steady-
state temperature of the wing.
PROPERTIES: Air (Tf ≈ 270 K, p = 0.7 bar):
 k = 0.0239 W/m⋅K, Pr = 0.715, ν = 13.22 × 10-6 m 2 /s
(1.0133 bar/0.7 bar) = 19.14 × 10-6 m 2 /s.
(2 mark)
(a) 200 K
(b) 266 K
(c) 300 K
(d) 296 K
ANS:- option (b)
Solution:-

KNOWN : Ambient air conditions and absorbed solar flux for

an aircraft wing of prescribed length and speed.
FIND:(a) Steady-state temperature of wing and (b) Calculate
and plot the steady-state temperature for plane speeds 100 to
250 m/s.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS:(1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Uniform wing

temperature, (3) Negligible radiation emission from surface.
PROPERTIES: Air (Tf ≈ 270 K, p = 0.7 bar): k = 0.0239 W/m⋅K,
Pr = 0.715, ν = 13.22 × 10-6 m 2 /s (1.0133 bar/0.7 bar) =
19.14 × 10-6 m 2 /s.
ANALYSIS:

From an energy balance on the airfoil

q , absA  2q
S S conv
 2h A T  T
L S S 
 
T  T  (q , abs / 2h )
S  S L
Since
100𝑚
𝑢∞ 𝐿 ( )2.5𝑚 10−6 𝑚2
R𝑒𝐿 = = 𝑠
× =1.31×107
𝑣 19.14 𝑠

And
R𝑒𝑠,𝑐 = 5 × 105 ,
the flow may be approximated as turbulent over
the entire plate.
Hence,
4 1
̅ 𝑢𝐿 = 0.037R𝑒 𝑃𝑟
𝑁 5 3
𝐿
4
= 0.037(1.31 × 107 )5 (0.715)1/3
= 1.63 × 104
0.0239𝑊
̅ 𝑢𝐿 𝑘
𝑁 1.63×104 ( ∙𝐾)
̅ℎL = = 𝑚
𝐿 2.5𝑚

=156 W/𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾
 Hence, from the energy balance
Ts = 263k + (800 w/m2 / (2 × 156W/m2∙K))
= 266K

5. Force at a 25ºC and 10 m/s are used to cool electronic

element mounted on circuit board. Consider a chip of
length 4 mm and width 4 mm located 120 mm from
the leading edge. Because the board surface is
irregular, the flow is disturbed and the appropriate
convection correlation is of the form
N𝑢𝑥 =0.04R𝑒𝑥0.85 𝑃𝑟 0.33

Estimate the surface temperature of the chip Ts, if its

heat dissipation rate is 30mW.
PROPERTIES: k = 0.027 W/m⋅K, ν = 16.90 × 10-6 m 2 /s,
Pr = 0.706
(2 marks)
(a) 42.50C
(b) 32.50C
(c) 52.50C
(d) 22.50C
 ANS:- option (a)
Solution:-

KNOWN: Convection correlation for irregular surface due to

electronic elements mounted on a circuit board experiencing
forced air cooling with prescribed temperature and velocity
FIND: Surface temperature when heat dissipation rate is 30 mW for
chip of prescribed area located a specific distance from the
leading edge.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Situation approximates parallel flow over a

flat plate with prescribed correlation, (2) Heat rate is from top
surface of chip.
PROPERTIES: k = 0.027 W/m⋅K, ν = 16.90 × 10-6 m 2 /s,
Pr = 0.706.
ANALYSIS:
For the chip upper surface, the heat rate is
qchip = ℎ̅chip As (Ts - T∞) or
Ts = T∞ + qchip / ℎ̅chipAs
Assuming the average convection coefficient over the chip
length to be equal to the local value at the center of the
chip (x = xo), hchip ≈ hx, (xo ) where

Nux = 0.04 𝑅𝑒𝑥0.85 𝑃𝑟 0.33

Nux=0.04(10m/s×0.120m/16.9× 10−6 )0.85(0.706)0.33
= 473.4
𝑁𝑢𝑥 𝑘 473.4×0.027𝑊/𝑚∙𝐾
hx = =
𝑥𝑜 0.120𝑚

= 107 W/m2∙K
Hence,
Ts = T∞ + qchip/ℎ̅chipAs

Ts = 298K + (30×10−3 𝑊) / 107 𝑤/𝑚2 (4 × 10−3 𝑚)2

= (298+17.5)k = 316 K
Ts = 42.50C

6. A circular pipe of 25 mm outside diameter is placed in

an airstream at 25ºC and 1 atm pressure. The air
moves in cross flow over pipe at 15 m/s, while the
outer surface of the pipe is maintained at 100ºC.
What is the drag force exerted on the pipe per unit
length?
 PROPERTIES: Air (Tf = 335 K, 1 atm): ν = 19.31 × 10-6 m 2
/s, ρ = 1.048 kg/m3 , k = 0.0288 W/m⋅K, Pr = 0.702, CD =1.1
(2 marks)
(a) 2.25 N/m
(b) 3.60 N/m
(c) 3.24 N/m
(d) 5.65 N/m
Ans :- option (c )

Solution:-

KNOWN: Conditions associated with air in cross flow

over a pipe.
FIND: (a) Drag force per unit length of pipe,
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Uniform

cylinder surface temperature, (3) Negligible radiation
effects.
PROPERTIES: Air (Tf = 335 K, 1 atm): ν = 19.31 × 10 -6 m
2
/s, ρ = 1.048 kg/m3 , k = 0.0288 W/m⋅K, Pr = 0.702.
ANALYSIS:
From the definition of the drag coefficient with Af =
DL, and (L =1 for unit length) find

𝜌𝑉 2
FD = CD Af
2
 𝜌𝑉 2
F𝐷́ = CD D .
2
With
𝑉𝐷 15𝑚/𝑠×(0.025𝑚)
ReD = = = 1.942 × 104
𝑣 19.31×10−6 𝑚2 /𝑠
As CD=1.1
Hence,
𝑚2
FD =1.1(0.025m)(1.048kg/ (15m/s)2 )/2 = 3.24𝑁/𝑚
𝑠