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Project Report 204 (2) 3

The document analyzes an electrochemical system for hydrogen production. It involves investigating the equivalent circuit, varying electrode area, and fitting experimental voltage-current data to an exponential model. Numerical methods are used to solve for current at different voltages. Plots of current, energy consumption, hydrogen production and economic gain vs voltage are generated to determine the optimal operating voltage.

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Nosheen Sneha
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97 views22 pages

Project Report 204 (2) 3

The document analyzes an electrochemical system for hydrogen production. It involves investigating the equivalent circuit, varying electrode area, and fitting experimental voltage-current data to an exponential model. Numerical methods are used to solve for current at different voltages. Plots of current, energy consumption, hydrogen production and economic gain vs voltage are generated to determine the optimal operating voltage.

Uploaded by

Nosheen Sneha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EAST WEST UNIVERSITY

Department: Electrical and Electronic Engineering


Course name: Numerical analysis for electrical
engineering
Course Code: EEE204
Project: Analysis of hydrolysis (electrochemical)
system
Members:
Name: Nosheen Kabir Sneha
ID: 2023-1-80-038
Name: Ariana Tayaba Mridu
ID: 2023-1-80-036
Contents: Page
1) Summary 1
2) Answers to problems 2
3) Code
4) EC data
Summary:
Analyzing the equivalent circuit of the electrochemical system is
crucial for understanding its performance in
hydrogen production. This involves investigating the resistance
for charge flow, the minimum reverse potential required for
activation, and the exponential growth of the redox reaction with
increasing potential, akin to diode-like behavior. By varying
parameters such as electrode effective area (𝐴), we can
determine the system's hydrogen production
capabilities and efficiency.
Problem statement 1

An experiment was conducted with electrode area A = 2 cm2.


The measurements of the applied voltage (VS) and the observed
current (I) are given in “EC_data.xlsx”. Observe that the
experiment was done at low voltage such that the current does
not cross several nano-amperes. In this case, we can ignore the
potential drop in the solution (i.e., IRsol ≈ 0). It is known that
μth = 1.23V for this EC system.

Part-A
1) Based on the equivalent circuit: write and rearrange the
system equation to find the unknowns using Least Square
regression (LS curve fitting) analysis. An experiment was
performed using an electrode area of 2 cm2. The recorded
data for the applied voltage (VS) and the resulting current
(I) can be found in the "EC_data.xlsx" file. Notably, the
experiment was conducted at low voltage levels, ensuring
that the current remained within the range of several nano-
amperes. Consequently, the potential drop in the solution
(IRsol) can be disregarded. It's established that μth equals
1.23V for this particular electrochemical system [Hint: how
many unknowns are there?]
Ans: Here, we are using the equation 𝑦 = 𝛼𝑒 𝛽𝑥 where y = I,
x = V, so the equation after substitution: 𝐼 = 𝛼𝑒 𝛽𝑉 , after
linearizing we get: 𝑙𝑛𝐼 = 𝑙𝑛𝛼 + 𝛽𝑉
𝑉𝐴𝐶
After brief calculation we get 𝐼 = 𝐼𝑜 × exp⁡( ) where,
𝑏

VAC = Vs-1.23
1
( )∗(𝑉𝑠−1.23)
So, the equation for best fit curve is: 𝐼 = 𝐼𝑜 × 𝑒 𝑏

1
after linearizing this we get, 𝑙𝑛𝐼 = 𝑙𝑛𝐼𝑜 + 𝑏 ∗ (𝑉𝑠 − 1.23)
2) Find the best fit curve and plot with the data. You should
provide the relevant code and figures.
Ans:

Code:

close all
clear
clc
[data,text,all_cells]=xlsread('EC_data.xlsx');
I= data(2,:);
V = data(1,:);
yi = log(I);
xi = V-1.23;
n =52;
Xi = sum(xi);
Xi2 = sum(xi.^2);
Yi=sum(yi);
XiYi = sum(xi.*yi);
A = [n,Xi;Xi,Xi2;];
b = [Yi;
XiYi;];
x = inv(A)*b
Io = exp(x(1));
b= 1/x(2)
ymodel = Io*exp((1/b)*(V-1.23));
figure(1)
plot(V,I,'r--'); hold on
plot(V,ymodel,'bo');
xlabel('Vs[Volt]');
ylabel('I[A]');
3) It was found from a separate experiment that Rsol = 100Ω. Now,
Tabulate values of A, rsol, J0 and b.
Ans:
Rsol 100Ω
A 2 cm^2
rsol 200 Ω cm^2
Jo 1.51e-21 A/cm^2
b 0.0304 V

4) Find all the relevant error statistics of the regression and comment
on how good the fit is.

Ans: We get mean = 1.5168e-10


st = 3.0177e-18
sr = 2.9663e-43
r2 =1
since r2 = 1, it means that our model is the best fit.
Part-B

Now we want to examine the EC system for various source


voltages (Vs) ranging between 1.8 V to 6 V, for now we will
focus on Vs = 2.45 V. Find the current, I.

5) First rearrange the system in the form of f(x) = 0 then


graphically estimate the solution for I when Vs = 2.45 V.
Ans: Here, f(I) = (Io *exp((Vs-Rsol*(I)-1.23)/b))-(I)
For Vs = 2.45 we get from graphical estimation:
6) Now numerically solve the issue for I using any method of
your choice for Vs = 2.45 such that the error is less than 10^-
8%. Also justify the choice of initial conditions or boundary
values.

a) What is your numerical solution for I? Is it close to your


graphically estimated solution?
Ans: Method of my choice:
We choose Bisection method for this analysis because it
converges faster.
So, we choose the current limits from previous graphical
estimation where lower limit for I is 0 A and upper limit
for I is = 0.000423729A.
Estimated current for Vs = 2.45
b) Plot apparent error vs iterations.

Apparent error VS iteration

Code :
close all
clear
clc
Io = 3.0268e-21;
b = 0.0304;
Vs =2.45;
Rsol = 100;
ea(1,1)=inf;
IL(1,1) = 0;
IU(1,1) = 0.0678;
VAC=linspace(0,0.7,50);
for k =(1:50)
fIU(k)=(Io *exp((Vs-Rsol*IU(k)-1.23)/b))-IU(k);
fIL(k)=(Io*exp((Vs-Rsol*IL(k)-1.23)/b))-IL(k);
Ir(k) =(IU(k)+IL(k))/2;

fIr(k)=(Io*exp((Vs-Rsol*Ir(k)-1.23)/b))-Ir(k);
if(fIL(k)*fIr(k)<0)
IL(k+1)=IL(k);
IU(k+1)=Ir(k);
elseif (fIU(k)*fIr(k)<0)
IL(k+1)=Ir(k);
IU(k+1)=IU(k);
end

if k >1
ea(k)=abs((Ir(k)-Ir(k-1))/Ir(k))*100;
if ea(k) < 10^-8
break;
end
end
end

x = 1:length(ea);
X = 1:length(Ir);
figure(1)
plot(X,Ir,'b-O');
xlabel('iterations');
ylabel('Iest[A]');
figure(2)
semilogy(x,ea,'b-o')
xlabel('iterations');
ylabel('error[%]');
7) Write a function which takes in the applied voltage and gives
the value of I where user inputs (A,rsol,Io,b,Vs) to get the output
I and also name the function as EC_system.

Ans:
8) Now for various source voltages (𝑉𝑆) ranging between 1.8V
to 6V (take at least 150 points), use the function to find the
values of 𝐼. Do the following:

a) Find and plot 𝐼 vs 𝑉𝑆:


b) Find energy consumed (power× Δ𝑡) by the EC at each 𝑉𝑆.
Unit cost of electricity is 0.1 USD/kWh. You should be able to
find ‘electricity cost for the EC in USD’ (𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐) at each 𝑉𝑆. So,
plot 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 vs 𝑉𝑆.
c) At each 𝑉𝑆, find the number of 𝐻2 molecule generated in
time⁡Δ𝑡 and then find the corresponding weight of hydrogen
generated (𝑊𝐻2 in kg). The selling price of hydrogen is 5
USD/kg. You should⁡be⁡able⁡to⁡find⁡‘hydrogen⁡
sold in USD’ (𝐶𝐻2) at each 𝑉𝑆. So, plot 𝐶𝐻2 vs 𝑉𝑆
d. The economic gain (Δ𝐶) can be estimated from the difference
between the hydrogen sold and electricity cost. Plot Δ𝐶 vs 𝑉𝑆.
At which voltage 𝑉𝑆 would you prefer to run your EC system?
Explain.
Code :
close all
clear
clc
Vs = linspace(1.8,6,150);
I = 1:150;
p=1:150;
Celec = 1:150;
for k =(1:150)
I(k)=ECsystem(2,200,3.0268e-21,0.0304,Vs(k));
p(k)= Vs(k)*I(k);
Celec(k) = 0.1*p(k);
Q(k) = I(k)*60;
ne(k) = Q(k)/1.6*10^-19;
WH2(k) = ne(k)*9.1*10^-31;
CH2(k)=WH2(k)*5;
C (k)=Celec(k)-CH2(k);
end
figure(1)
plot(Vs,I,'r-o');
xlabel('Vs[V]');
ylabel('I[A]');
figure(2)
plot(Vs,Celec,'b-o');
xlabel('Vs[V]');
ylabel('Celec[kwh]');

figure(3)
plot(Vs,CH2,'r-o');
xlabel('Vs[V]');
ylabel('CH2[5USD/kg]');
figure(4)
plot(Vs,C,'r-o');
xlabel('Vs[V]');
ylabel('economic gain');

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