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Lab Report 8 - Experiment 8: The Common-Emitter Amplifier

Electronics (New York City College of Technology)

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Experiment 8: The Common-Emitter

Amplifier

EMT 1255

Experiment #8

4/ 14/ 2020

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Table of Contents

Objective

Required Materials

Procedure

Data

Conclusion

Questions

Multisim screenshots

On-paper calculations

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Objective:
In this experiment, the objective will be to do three main goals. These are
to compute and measure ac and dc parameters, build a CE amplifier circuit,
and to predict and test faults in a CE amplifier. The materials that will be
needed are transistors, resistors, capacitors, an oscilloscope, and a
multimeter. The knowledge that has prepared me for this experiment is
measuring resistance in a circuit, dealing with components, and a basic
understanding of how to use multisim. What makes this important to the
reader is that it’s explaining the effects emitters on an NPN transistor have
on a circuit.

Required Materials:
1- 2N3904 Transistor
1- 100Ω
1- 330Ω
1- 1.0kΩ
1- 4.7kΩ
1- 10kΩ
1- 1.0 µF
1- 47 µF
1- Multimeter
1-Oscilloscope
1- Function Generator

Procedure/Data:
1. The first thing to do is to measure and record the values of the resistors
in Table 8-1.

2. The next thing is to compute the dc parameters in Table 8-2 for the CE
amplifier in Figure 8-2. The values that must be calculated are VB, VE, IE,
VC, and VCB.

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3. Construct the amplifier shown in Figure 8-2. Measure and record the dc
voltages in Table 8-2.

4. Now, compute the ac parameters listed in Table 8-3. The input, V in, is set
for 300 mVpp. Multiply Vin by the voltage gain to calculate the ac voltage at
the collector which is Vc and Vout.

5. Turn on the signal generator and set Vin for 300 mVpp at 1.0 kHz with
the generator connected to the circuit. Use the oscilloscope to set the
proper voltage and check the frequency. Then, measure the ac signal a the
emitter and collector. Use Vin and Vout to determine the measured voltage
gain. Record all measurements in Table 8-3.

6. The output signal (Vout) is measured with an oscilloscope and recorded

with the amplifier operating normally. A rheostat (R test) is then inserted in
series with the source. Measure Rin(tot) and record the result in Table 8-3.

7. Restore the circuit to Figure 8-2. With a two-channel oscilloscope,

compare the input and output waveforms.

8. Remove the bypass capacitor, C2, from the circuit. Measure the ac
signal voltage at the base, emitter, and collector. Then, measure the
voltage gain of the amplifier.

9. Afterward, Replace C2 and reduce RL to 1.0k Ω. Observe the ac signal

voltage at the transistor’s base, emitter, and collector and measure the
voltage gain of the amplifier.

10. Replace RL with the original 10k Ω resistor and open RE1. Measure the
dc voltage at the base, emitter, and collector.

11. Lastly, Replace RE1 and open R2. Measure the dc voltages at the
base, emitter, and collector.

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Data:

Table 8-1
Resistor Listed Value Measured Value
R1 10 kΩ 9.85 kΩ
R2 4.7 kΩ 4.66 kΩ
RE1 100 Ω 0.99 kΩ
RE2 330 Ω 0.327 kΩ
RC 1.0 kΩ 0.985 kΩ
RL 10 kΩ 9.85 kΩ

Table 8-2
DC Parameter Computed Value Measure Value

VB 3.83 V 11.39 V
VE 3.13 V 2.98 V
IE 7.27 mA
VC 4.73 V 5.11 V
VCE 1.6 V 1.43 V

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Table 8-3
AC Parameter Computed Value Measured Value
Vin = Vb 300 mVpp 303 mVpp
Ve 290 mVpp 291 mVpp
r’e 3.42 Ω
Av 8.7 8.8
Vout = Vc 2.61 V 2.7 V
Rin(tot) 2442.35 2440

7. The phase relationship between Vin and Vout is about 180 degrees.

8. The voltage gain of the amplifier is 7 volts. What can be concluded about
the amplifier’s performance with C2 is that it’ll be stopped and shorted.

9. The voltage gain of the amplifier goes down again to about volts. What
can be concluded about the amplifier’s performance with RL reduced is
that, it’s not outputting a wave since the value has shrunk so quickly.

10. The transistor is in cutoff because the value of VBE, which is combining
VB AND VE is greater than 0.7V

11. The transistor is in saturation because VC is less than VE and the base.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment was a little challenging to do since it was the
first lab done entirely on multisim. There were certain values that were
difficult to measure on the application but calculating wise, the lab went
well. It can be said that everything was done to the best of our abilities. The
point of this experiment was to learn how a CE amplifier circuit functions

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and to observe its input and output waveforms. This objective was mainly
demonstrated in Figure 8-3. No changes are needed for this lab.

Questions:
1) When the bypass capacitor, the value of RE will increase, thus making
RL result in being smaller and the same will be for the voltage gain.

2) The base voltage is in millivolts, but the output is in volts.

3) No, this isn’t normal at all. The likely cause of this problem is when both
the collector and emitter voltages are the same, resulting in VCE equaling
zero. This shows that the transistor is saturated.

4) a. I would expect a voltage of 3V.

B. I would expect a voltage of 1V.

5) Steps for Cut-off

Step 1. First, Measure the DC Voltages of Base, Emitter and Collector
Step 2. Then, Compute VBE by taking the difference of VB and VE
Step 3. Finally, after finding the value of VBE, it must be greater than
0.7V to be in cutoff.

Steps for Saturation

Step 1. First, measure the DC Voltages of Base, Emitter, and Collector
Step 2. Then, Compute VBE and VCE
Step 3. Lastly, after finding the value of VBE, it must be less than 0.7V to
be in saturation.

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Multisim screenshots
Circuit 1

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Circuit 2

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