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9 views19 pages

Lecture - 9

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amaan44633
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Communications

Routing Protocols

School of Computing and Engineering


University of West London, UK

Dr. Ikram Ur Rehman


Router Functionalities
➢ Determine best/optimal path (routing) to the networks

➢ The paths are listed in the router’s routing table used to forward
data.

➢ These include directly connected routers, routes statically


configured by the administrator and/or dynamic routes learnt
from the routing protocol.

➢ Note: Only best path(s) is listed in the routing table.


Directly Connected Routers

Step 1: Assign IP addresses to the routers

Example: Router(config)#interface fa0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

Similarly, assign IP addresses to all the connected interfaces


Directly Connected Routers

Assign IP addresses to the routers

Example: Router(config)#interface fa0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

Similarly, assign IP addresses to all the connected interfaces


Directly Connected Routers

Example: Show command

Router#show ip route

C 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0


Directly Connected Routers
(Packet Tracer Demo)
Static Routing
➢ Question: What if the router receives a traffic for a network that
is not directly connected to it (as seen in previous example)?

➢ The router needs to find a way to forward the traffic.

➢ Solution: Either manually provide static routing to


the destination or the router can learn it via routing
protocol.

➢ Once the route is established, it will be added the router’s


routing table.
Static Routing
(Packet Tracer Demo)

➢ The command to use for static


routing:

➢ ip route network address of destination


subnet mask ip address of the next hop

➢ The static route needs to be


provided on both routers
Dynamic Routing
➢ In dynamic routing, routers advertise their best paths of the
known networks amongst each other.

➢ In dynamic routing, if there is a change in the network (e.g. new


network added or link goes down), routers will update each
other.

➢ In case of changes in network, the router recalculates best path


and updates its routing table.
Dynamic Routing vs Static Routing

➢ Dynamic routing protocols are more scalable as compared to


user-assigned static routing.

➢ Static routing is only feasible in small networks environment

➢ Assigning static routes on a big network will become a tedious


process.

➢ Any changes in the network will require network engineer to


manually reassign the static routes.

➢ Recovery from failures is often a challenge with static routing.


Dynamic Routing
(Packet Tracer Demo - RIP)
Dynamic Routing
(Challenge Task )

➢ Add one more router (London) connected to Moscow via


network 192.168.4.0/24 and to its LAN (Switch connected to
a PC) via network 192.168.5.0/24.

➢ Use dynamic routing protocol and establish end-to-end


connectivity similar to the previous example scenario.
Types of Routing Protocol

➢ Two main types of routing protocols are:

▪ Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

▪ Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)

➢ IGP → used for routing within organisation

➢ EGP → used for routing between organisations

➢ The only EGP used today is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)


Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

➢ Two main types of IGPs are:

▪ Distance Vector Routing Protocols

▪ Link State Routing Protocols


Distance Vector Routing Protocol

➢ In DVRP, each router sends list of known networks to its


connected neighboring routers along with the its distance to the
networks.

➢ Routers using DVRP only contain information of its neighbours


and do not know the information of the entire network topology.

➢ They are often referred to as “Routing by rumor”.


Link state Routing Protocol

➢ In LSRP, each router sends information about itself and its


interfaces to its connected neighboring routers.

➢ Routers using LSRP contain information of every router, their


interfaces and their connections.

➢ In a nutshell, it has information about the entire network


topology.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Dynamic Routing
(Packet Tracer Demo - EIGRP)

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