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Computer Networks

The document discusses different types of computer networks including LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN. It explains what a client and server are and how data travels through a network by being packetized, routed, switched, transmitted, and received at its destination.

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13 views7 pages

Computer Networks

The document discusses different types of computer networks including LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN. It explains what a client and server are and how data travels through a network by being packetized, routed, switched, transmitted, and received at its destination.

Uploaded by

thehms04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question # 02

Explanation of computer network its types


and a discussion how a data travels through
network
Answer
Computer Network
When two or more computers are in a set of connection to
each other to share data and information, then they form a
computer network.
They share information and resources to each other. The
resources may consists of printers, hard disks, scanners or
programs etc. the computers in the network are connected to
each other through communication media. This communication
media may be a physical cable or a wireless connection. The
networks connection can be on the same place or on different
place.
Thus a network is a group of devices that are in connection to
each other to share data worldwide. Networks has make the
life accessible and easy in every field. If all computer user are
connected to each other through network they can share their
files and exchange mails. They can also send and receive
documents from anywhere connected to network. So, people
using this network can share information, files and talk with
one another. Different uses of networks are as follows:
 Easy communication
 Shares data and information
 Sharing of hardware and software
 Entertainment
 Security and management of data
 Information search
Thus, the network is like a huge invisible web connecting
people and information all over the world. It allows us to talk to
each other and share data no matter where we are.

Client and server


Client:
A client is a computer in the network that is connected to attain
different resources. These client request the server for resources. The
server gives the client the material about which the client request to
attain. This is less powerful than server computer.

Server:
A server is a computer that provides services to the computers and
other devices connected to the network. These are more powerful than
other computer in the network.
There are many services performed by server. Which are as follows:
 Control access to the hardware, software and data
 Processing data
 Shares software
 Manages network traffic
 Maintain the storage for software, data and information
Types of computer networks
Computer network are divided according to:
 How they are arranged physically
 The way they are used
 The distance over which they operate
Different types of computer network are as follows:
a) LAN (Local area network)
b) WAN (Wide Area Network)
c) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
d) PAN (Personal Area Network)
So, their explanation is as follows:
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
It is the most common type of computer. It carries a small area.
It connects the computers and other devices within one office
or a building or group of buildings. It is used to share resources
like printers, hard disks, etc. each computer or device in the
network is called node. These are almost connected to wires.
They are able to transfer data at a very high speed. Its speed is
about 10Mbps to 1000Mbps. There is also a limit of computer
on connection.
For example:
In a computer lab there are 40 computers connected LAN. The
students can share their data, files and software to each other.
Some important uses of LAN are as follows:
 Resource sharing
 Communication
 Application sharing
 Security and management of data
Limitations of LAN are as follows:
 Privacy threat
 Expensive to install
 Admin time required
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
This type of network covers a large area. It connects different
computers and devices in different cities and countries. WAN
consists of different LANs connected together. This system is
often connected to telephone lines. They can also be connected
through leased line or satellites. The speed of this is 56Kbps to
50Mbps.
For example:
 The network connecting the ATMs of a bank located in
different cities.
 The network connecting NADRA offices in different cities
Advantages of WAN are as follows:
 Communication facility
 Remote data entry
 Centralized
 Entertainment
MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)
This type of network covers an area of a city. MAN is larger
than LAN but smaller than WAN. It is used to connect two or
more LANs in a city or town.
Examples
 Different branches of a company in a city connected
through network form MAN
 Different campuses of a college are its best example
 Cable TV network in a city
PAN (PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)
It is a network that connects personal devices using wired and wireless
technology. THE devices are located within range of about 30 feet. They
may include computer, smart phones, digital cameras, etc.
For example
The device connected to computer to transfer files or data etc is the
example of PAN.
Following steps explains how a data travels through network:
Data creation
For transferring the data through network the main task is the creation
of data. Thus, the files, information or anything else that is in the form
of data is created on computing device such as computer or
smartphone.
Packetization
The data is divided into small packets, each with a unique header
containing source and destination addresses.
Routing
The packets are sent to a router which forwards them to the next hop
on the path to the destination device.
Switching
The packets may pass through switches, which direct them to the
appropriate device on the same network.
Transmission
The packets are transmitted over the network medium , such as
wireless links or cables.
Receiving
The packets arrives at the destination device, where they are
reassembled into the original data.
Data receipt
The data is received and processed by the destination device.
The data travels through a network using standardized
protocols like TCP/IP and hardware components like routers, switches,
and network interface cards. This enables efficient and reliable
communication between devices, allowing us to share information and
resources worldwide.

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