Scribd
Upload
22 views

HTML - Notes - 2

The document provides information about HTML lists and marquee tags. It explains the different types of lists like unordered, ordered and definition lists and provides examples of each. It also describes the marquee tag and its attributes to create scrolling text on a webpage.

Uploaded by

AIM Technologies
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

HTML - Notes - 2

The document provides information about HTML lists and marquee tags. It explains the different types of lists like unordered, ordered and definition lists and provides examples of each. It also describes the marquee tag and its attributes to create scrolling text on a webpage.

Uploaded by

AIM Technologies
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 70

1/1/2024

Part-2

AIM TEC AIM TECHNOLOGIES –HTML NOTES - 2023

Our AIM is to make you success | AIM Technologies


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

HTML - Marquees

An HTML marquee is a scrolling piece of text displayed either horizontally across or vertically
down your webpage depending on the settings. This is created by using HTML <marquees> tag.

Note − The <marquee> tag deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this element, instead you
can use JavaScript and CSS to create such effects.

Syntax

A simple syntax to use HTML <marquee> tag is as follows −

<marquee attribute_name = "attribute_value"....more attributes>


One or more lines or text message or image
</marquee>

The <marquee> Tag Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes which can be used with <marquee> tag.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

width
1
This specifies the width of the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20% etc.

height
2
This specifies the height of the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or 20% etc.

direction
3 This specifies the direction in which marquee should scroll. This can be a value
like up, down, left or right.

behavior
4 This specifies the type of scrolling of the marquee. This can have a value
like scroll, slide and alternate.

scrolldelay
5 This specifies how long to delay between each jump. This will have a value like
10 etc.

scrollamount
6
This specifies the speed of marquee text. This can have a value like 10 etc.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

loop
7 This specifies how many times to loop. The default value is INFINITE, which
means that the marquee loops endlessly.

bgcolor
8
This specifies background color in terms of color name or color hex value.

hspace
9 This specifies horizontal space around the marquee. This can be a value like 10
or 20% etc.

vspace
10 This specifies vertical space around the marquee. This can be a value like 10 or
20% etc.

Below are few examples to demonstrate the usage of marquee tag.

Examples - 1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee>This is basic example of marquee</marquee>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Examples - 2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee width = "50%">This example will take only 50% width</marquee>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

Examples - 3

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee direction = "right">This text will scroll from left to right</marquee>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Examples - 4

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<marquee direction = "up">This text will scroll from bottom to up</marquee>
</body>

</html>

<html>

<head>

<title>New Page 1</title>

</head>

<body>

<BLINK>AIM TECHNOLOGIES</BLINK>

<marquee direction="right" bgcolor="SKYBLUE" scrollamount="10"><b>AR


INFOSYS</b></marquee>

<marquee direction="LEFT" bgcolor="SKYBLUE">AIM TECHNOLOGIES-LEFT</marquee>

<marquee direction="right" bgcolor="YELLOW" behavior="slide">AIM TECHNOLOHIES-


RIGHT</marquee>

<br>

<br>

<marquee direction="up" bgcolor="YELLOW">AIM TECHNOLOGIES-UP</marquee>

<br>

<br>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<marquee direction="down" bgcolor="YELLOW" scrollamount="3">AIM TECHNOLOGIES-


DOWN</marquee>

<marquee bgcolor="#00FFFF" behavior="alternate" scrollamount="8"scrolldelay="85">AIM


TECHNOLOGIES-3</marquee>

<marquee bgcolor="#00FFFF" behavior="alternate"


scrollamount="8"scrolldelay="50">RAHMAN</marquee>

<MARQUEE><IMG SRC=41.JPG WIDTH="30%"></MARQUEE>

</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

HTML - Lists

HTML offers web authors three ways for specifying lists of information. All lists must contain
one or more list elements. Lists may contain −

 <ul> − An unordered list. This will list items using plain bullets.
 <ol> − An ordered list. This will use different schemes of numbers to list your items.
 <dl> − A definition list. This arranges your items in the same way as they are arranged in
a dictionary.

HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list is a collection of related items that have no special order or sequence. This list
is created by using HTML <ul> tag. Each item in the list is marked with a bullet.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Unordered List</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

This will produce the following result –


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

The type Attribute

You can use type attribute for <ul> tag to specify the type of bullet you like. By default, it is a
disc. Following are the possible options −

<ul type = "square">


<ul type = "disc">
<ul type = "circle">

Example

Following is an example where we used <ul type = "square">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Unordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ul type = "square">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ul>
</body>

</html>

Example

Following is an example where we used <ul type = "disc"> −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Unordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ul type = "disc">
<li>Beetroot</li>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ul>
</body>

</html>

Example

Following is an example where we used <ul type = "circle"> −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Unordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ul type = "circle">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ul>
</body>

</html>

HTML Ordered Lists


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

If you are required to put your items in a numbered list instead of bulleted, then HTML ordered
list will be used. This list is created by using <ol> tag. The numbering starts at one and is
incremented by one for each successive ordered list element tagged with <li>.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol>
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

The type Attribute


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

You can use type attribute for <ol> tag to specify the type of numbering you like. By default, it
is a number. Following are the possible options −

<ol type = "1"> - Default-Case Numerals.


<ol type = "I"> - Upper-Case Numerals.
<ol type = "i"> - Lower-Case Numerals.
<ol type = "A"> - Upper-Case Letters.
<ol type = "a"> - Lower-Case Letters.

Example

Following is an example where we used <ol type = "1">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol type = "1">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

Following is an example where we used <ol type = "I">


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol type = "I">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

Example

Following is an example where we used <ol type = "i">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol type = "i">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

Following is an example where we used <ol type = "A" >


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol type = "A">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

Example

Following is an example where we used <ol type = "a">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol type = "a">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

The start Attribute


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

You can use start attribute for <ol> tag to specify the starting point of numbering you need.
Following are the possible options −

<ol type = "1" start = "4"> - Numerals starts with 4.


<ol type = "I" start = "4"> - Numerals starts with IV.
<ol type = "i" start = "4"> - Numerals starts with iv.
<ol type = "a" start = "4"> - Letters starts with d.
<ol type = "A" start = "4"> - Letters starts with D.

Example

Following is an example where we used <ol type = "i" start = "4" >

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>

<body>
<ol type = "i" start = "4">
<li>Beetroot</li>
<li>Ginger</li>
<li>Potato</li>
<li>Radish</li>
</ol>
</body>

</html>

HTML Definition Lists


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

HTML and XHTML supports a list style which is called definition lists where entries are listed
like in a dictionary or encyclopedia. The definition list is the ideal way to present a glossary, list
of terms, or other name/value list.

Definition List makes use of following three tags.

 <dl> − Defines the start of the list


 <dt> − A term
 <dd> − Term definition
 </dl> − Defines the end of the list

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Definition List</title>
</head>

<body>
<dl>
<dt><b>HTML</b></dt>
<dd>This stands for Hyper Text Markup Language</dd>
<dt><b>HTTP</b></dt>
<dd>This stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol</dd>
</dl>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

HTML - Tables
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

The HTML tables allow web authors to arrange data like text, images, links, other tables, etc.
into rows and columns of cells.

The HTML tables are created using the <table> tag in which the <tr> tag is used to create table
rows and <td> tag is used to create data cells. The elements under <td> are regular and left
aligned by default

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Tables</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

This will produce the following result –

Here, the border is an attribute of <table> tag and it is used to put a border across all the cells. If
you do not need a border, then you can use border = "0".
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Table Heading

Table heading can be defined using <th> tag. This tag will be put to replace <td> tag, which is
used to represent actual data cell. Normally you will put your top row as table heading as shown
below, otherwise you can use <th> element in any row. Headings, which are defined in <th> tag
are centered and bold by default.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Header</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ramesh Raman</td>
<td>5000</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>
<td>7000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Cellpadding and Cellspacing Attributes


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

There are two attributes called cellpadding and cellspacing which you will use to adjust the
white space in your table cells. The cellspacing attribute defines space between table cells, while
cellpadding represents the distance between cell borders and the content within a cell.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Cellpadding</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" cellpadding = "5" cellspacing = "5">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ramesh Raman</td>
<td>5000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>
<td>7000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Colspan and Rowspan Attributes

You will use colspan attribute if you want to merge two or more columns into a single column.
Similar way you will use rowspan if you want to merge two or more rows.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Colspan/Rowspan</title>
</head>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<body>
<table border = "1">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row 3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

Tables Backgrounds

You can set table background using one of the following two ways −

 bgcolor attribute − You can set background color for whole table or just for one cell.
 background attribute − You can set background image for whole table or just for one
cell.

You can also set border color also using bordercolor attribute.

Note − The bgcolor, background, and bordercolor attributes deprecated in HTML5. Do not use
these attributes.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Background</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" bordercolor = "green" bgcolor = "yellow">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row 3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

Here is an example of using background attribute. Here we will use an image available in
/images directory.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Background</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" bordercolor = "green" background = "/images/test.png">
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan = "2">Row 1 Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1 Cell 2</td><td>Row 1 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2 Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2 Cell 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan = "3">Row 3 Cell 1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result. Here background image did not apply to table's header.

Table Height and Width

You can set a table width and height using width and height attributes. You can specify table
width or height in terms of pixels or in terms of percentage of available screen area.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Width/Height</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "400" height = "150">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 1, Column 2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Row 2, Column 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Column 2</td>
</tr>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

</table>
</body>

</html>

Table Caption

The caption tag will serve as a title or explanation for the table and it shows up at the top of the
table. This tag is deprecated in newer version of HTML/XHTML.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table Caption</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<caption>This is the caption</caption>

<tr>
<td>row 1, column 1</td><td>row 1, columnn 2</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>row 2, column 1</td><td>row 2, columnn 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>

</html>

Table Header, Body, and Footer


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Tables can be divided into three portions − a header, a body, and a foot. The head and foot are
rather similar to headers and footers in a word-processed document that remain the same for
every page, while the body is the main content holder of the table.

The three elements for separating the head, body, and foot of a table are −

 <thead> − to create a separate table header.


 <tbody> − to indicate the main body of the table.
 <tfoot> − to create a separate table footer.

A table may contain several <tbody> elements to indicate different pages or groups of data. But
it is notable that <thead> and <tfoot> tags should appear before <tbody>

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<thead>
<tr>
<td colspan = "4">This is the head of the table</td>
</tr>
</thead>

<tfoot>
<tr>
<td colspan = "4">This is the foot of the table</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Cell 1</td>
<td>Cell 2</td>
<td>Cell 3</td>
<td>Cell 4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>

</table>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

</body>

</html>

Nested Tables

You can use one table inside another table. Not only tables you can use almost all the tags inside
table data tag <td>.

Example

Following is the example of using another table and other tags inside a table cell.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>

<body>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">

<tr>
<td>
<table border = "1" width = "100%">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ramesh Raman</td>
<td>5000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Shabbir Hussein</td>
<td>7000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>

</table>
</body>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

</html>

This will produce the following result –

Table Row and Columns Formation

<center><table border="2" bordercolor="red" width="50%"></center>

<caption>Table Caption</caption>

<tr><th>Col1 Title</th><th>Col2 Title</th><th>Col3 Title</th></tr>

<tr><td>Row 1 Col 1</td><td>Row 1 Col 2</td><td>Row 1 Col 3</td></tr>

<tr><td>Row 2 Col 1</td><td>Row 2 Col 2</td><td>Row 2 Col 3</td></tr>

<tr><td>Row 3 Col 1</td><td>Row 3 Col 2</td><td>Row 3 Col 3</td></tr>

<tr><td>Row 4 Col 1</td><td>Row 4 Col 2</td><td>Row 4 Col 3</td><td>Row 4 Col


4</td></tr>

</table>

<html>

<head>

<title>New Page 1</title>

</head>

<body>

<H1 ALIGN=CENTER><U>SALARY STATEMENT</U></H1>

<CENTER><table border="2" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" bordercolor="RED"


width="70%">
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<tr>

<td width="33%" BGCOLOR="GREEN"><CENTER><B>SERIAL N.</B></center></td>

<td width="33%" BGCOLOR="GREEN"><CENTER><B>NAME</B></td>

<td width="34%" BGCOLOR="GREEN"><CENTER><B>DESIGNATION</B></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td width="33%"><CENTER>1</td>

<td width="33%"><CENTER><a href=5.htm>Abdul Rahman</a></td>

<td width="34%"><CENTER><a href="5.htm">Automation Engineer</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td width="33%"><CENTER>2</td>

<td width="33%"><CENTER>PAPPU</td>

<td width="34%"><CENTER>DIRECTOR</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

HTML - Text Links


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

A webpage can contain various links that take you directly to other pages and even specific parts
of a given page. These links are known as hyperlinks.

Hyperlinks allow visitors to navigate between Web sites by clicking on words, phrases, and
images. Thus you can create hyperlinks using text or images available on a webpage.

Note − I recommend you to go through a short tutorial on Understanding URL

Linking Documents

A link is specified using HTML tag <a>. This tag is called anchor tag and anything between the
opening <a> tag and the closing </a> tag becomes part of the link and a user can click that part
to reach to the linked document. Following is the simple syntax to use <a> tag.

<a href = "Document URL" ... attributes-list>Link Text</a>

Example

Let's try following example which links http://www.tutorialspoint.com at your page −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>
<a href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com" target = "_self">Tutorials Point</a>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result, where you can click on the link generated to reach to the
home page of Tutorials Point (in this example).

The target Attribute

We have used target attribute in our previous example. This attribute is used to specify the
location where linked document is opened. Following are the possible options −
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Sr.No Option & Description

1 _blank
Opens the linked document in a new window or tab.

2 _self
Opens the linked document in the same frame.

3 _parent
Opens the linked document in the parent frame.

4 _top
Opens the linked document in the full body of the window.

5 targetframe
Opens the linked document in a named targetframe.

Example

Try following example to understand basic difference in few options given for target attribute.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
<base href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/">
</head>

<body>
<p>Click any of the following links</p>
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_blank">Opens in New</a> |
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_self">Opens in Self</a> |
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_parent">Opens in Parent</a> |
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_top">Opens in Body</a>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result, where you can click on different links to understand the
difference between various options given for target attribute.

Use of Base Path


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

When you link HTML documents related to the same website, it is not required to give a
complete URL for every link. You can get rid of it if you use <base> tag in your HTML
document header. This tag is used to give a base path for all the links. So your browser will
concatenate given relative path to this base path and will make a complete URL.

Example

Following example makes use of <base> tag to specify base URL and later we can use relative
path to all the links instead of giving complete URL for every link.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
<base href = "https://www.aimtec.in/">
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_blank">HTML Tutorial</a>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result, where you can click on the link generated HTML

Tutorial to reach to the HTML tutorial.

Now given URL <a href = "/html/index.htm" is being considered as <ahref =


"http://www.tutorialspoint.com/html/index.htm"

Linking to a Page Section

You can create a link to a particular section of a given webpage by using name attribute. This is
a two-step process.

Note − The name attribute deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this attribute.
Use id and title attribute instead.

First create a link to the place where you want to reach with-in a webpage and name it using
<a...> tag as follows −

<h1>HTML Text Links <a name = "top"></a></h1>


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Second step is to create a hyperlink to link the document and place where you want to reach −

<a href = "/html/html_text_links.htm#top">Go to the Top</a>

This will produce following link, where you can click on the link generated Go to the Top to

reach to the top of the HTML Text Link tutorial.

Go to the Top

Setting Link Colors

You can set colors of your links, active links and visited links
using link, alink and vlink attributes of <body> tag.

Example

Save the following in test.htm and open it in any web browser to see
how link, alink and vlink attributes work.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
<base href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/">
</head>

<body alink = "#54A250" link = "#040404" vlink = "#F40633">


<p>Click following link</p>
<a href = "/html/index.htm" target = "_blank" >HTML Tutorial</a>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result. Just check color of the link before clicking on it, next
check its color when you activate it and when the link has been visited.

Download Links

You can create text link to make your PDF, or DOC or ZIP files downloadable. This is very
simple; you just need to give complete URL of the downloadable file as follows −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<head>
<title>Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<a href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/page.pdf">Download PDF File</a>
</body>

</html>

This will produce following link and will be used to download a file.

File Download Dialog Box

Sometimes it is desired that you want to give an option where a user will click a link and it will
pop up a "File Download" box to the user instead of displaying actual content. This is very easy
and can be achieved using an HTTP header in your HTTP response.

For example, if you want make a Filename file downloadable from a given link then its syntax
will be as follows.

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Additional HTTP Header


print "Content-Type:application/octet-stream; name = \"FileName\"\r\n";
print "Content-Disposition:attachment; filename = \"FileName\"\r\n\n";

# Open the target file and list down its content as follows
open( FILE, "<FileName" );

while(read(FILE, $buffer, 100)){


print("$buffer");
}

HTML - Image Links


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

We have seen how to create hypertext link using text and we also learnt how to use images in our
webpages. Now, we will learn how to use images to create hyperlinks.

It's simple to use an image as hyperlink. We just need to use an image inside hyperlink at the
place of text as shown below −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Image Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>
<a href = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com" target = "_self">
<img src = "/images/logo.png" alt = "Tutorials Point" border = "0"/>
</a>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result, where you can click on the images to reach to the home
page of Tutorials Point.

This was the simplest way of creating hyperlinks using images. Next we will see how we can
create Mouse-Sensitive Image Links.

Mouse-Sensitive Images

The HTML and XHTML standards provides a feature that lets you embed many different links
inside a single image. You can create different links on the single image based on different
coordinates available on the image. Once different links are attached to different coordinates, we
can click different parts of the image to open target documents. Such mouse-sensitive images are
known as image maps.

There are two ways to create image maps −

 Server-side image maps − This is enabled by the ismap attribute of the <img> tag and
requires access to a server and related image-map processing applications.
 Client-side image maps − This is created with the usemap attribute of the <img> tag,
along with corresponding <map> and <area> tags.

Server-Side Image Maps


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Here you simply put your image inside a hyper link and use ismap attribute which makes it
special image and when the user clicks some place within the image, the browser passes the
coordinates of the mouse pointer along with the URL specified in the <a> tag to the web server.
The server uses the mouse-pointer coordinates to determine which document to deliver back to
the browser.

When ismap is used, the href attribute of the containing <a> tag must contain the URL of a
server application like a cgi or PHP script etc. to process the incoming request based on the
passed coordinates.

The coordinates of the mouse position are screen pixels counted from the upper-left corner of the
image, beginning with (0,0). The coordinates, preceded by a question mark, are added to the end
of the URL.

For example, if a user clicks 20 pixels over and 30 pixels down from the upper-left corner of the
following image −

Which has been generated by the following code snippet −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>ISMAP Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click following link</p>

<a href = "/cgi-bin/ismap.cgi" target = "_self">


<img ismap src = "/images/logo.png" alt = "Tutorials Point" border = "0"/>
</a>
</body>

</html>

Then the browser sends the following search parameters to the web server which can be

processed by ismap.cgi script or map file and you can link whatever documents you like to
these coordinates −

/cgi-bin/ismap.cgi?20,30

This way you can assign different links to different coordinates of the image and when those
coordinates are clicked, you can open corresponding linked document. To learn more
about ismap attribute, you can check How to use Image ismap?
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Note − You will learn CGI programming when you will study Perl programming. You can write
your script to process these passed coordinates using PHP or any other script as well. For now,
let's concentrate on learning HTML and later you can revisit this section.

Client-Side Image Maps

Client side image maps are enabled by the usemap attribute of the <img /> tag and defined by
special <map> and <area> extension tags.

The image that is going to form the map is inserted into the page using the <img /> tag as a
normal image, except it carries an extra attribute called usemap. The value of the usemap
attribute is the value which will be used in a <map> tag to link map and image tags. The <map>
along with <area> tags define all the image coordinates and corresponding links.

The <area> tag inside the map tag, specifies the shape and the coordinates to define the
boundaries of each clickable hotspot available on the image. Here's an example from the image
map −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>USEMAP Hyperlink Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Search and click the hotspot</p>
<img src = /images/html.gif alt = "HTML Map" border = "0" usemap = "#html"/>
<!-- Create Mappings -->

<map name = "html">


<area shape = "circle" coords = "80,80,20"
href = "/css/index.htm" alt = "CSS Link" target = "_self" />

<area shape = "rect" coords = "5,5,40,40" alt = "jQuery Link"


href = "/jquery/index.htm" target = "_self" />
</map>
</body>

</html>

Coordinate System
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

The actual value of coords is totally dependent on the shape in question. Here is a summary, to
be followed by detailed examples −

 rect = x1 , y1 , x2 , y2
x1 and y1 are the coordinates of the upper left corner of the rectangle; x2 and y2 are the
coordinates of the lower right corner.
 circle = xc , yc , radius
xc and yc are the coordinates of the center of the circle, and radius is the circle's radius. A
circle centered at 200,50 with a radius of 25 would have the attribute coords =
"200,50,25"
 poly = x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 , x3 , y3 , ... xn , yn
The various x-y pairs define vertices (points) of the polygon, with a "line" being drawn
from one point to the next point. A diamond-shaped polygon with its top point at 20,20
and 40 pixels across at its widest points would have the attribute coords =
"20,20,40,40,20,60,0,40".

All coordinates are relative to the upper-left corner of the image (0,0). Each shape has a related
URL. You can use any image software to know the coordinates of different positions.

HTML - Email Links

It is not difficult to put an HTML email link on your webpage but it can cause unnecessary
spamming problem for your email account. There are people, who can run programs to harvest
these types of emails and later use them for spamming in various ways.

You can have another option to facilitate people to send you emails. One option could be to use
HTML forms to collect user data and then use PHP or CGI script to send an email.

A simple example, check our Contact Us Form. We take user feedback using this form and then
we are using one CGI program which is collecting this information and sending us email to the
one given email ID.

HTML Email Tag

HTML <a> tag provides you option to specify an email address to send an email. While using
<a> tag as an email tag, you will use mailto: email address along with href attribute. Following
is the syntax of using mailto instead of using http.

<a href = "mailto: [email protected]">Send Email</a>

This code will generate the following link which you can use to send email.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Now, if a user clicks this link, it launches one Email Client (like Lotus Notes, Outlook Express
etc. ) installed on your user's computer. There is another risk to use this option to send email
because if user do not have email client installed on their computer then it would not be possible
to send email.

Default Settings

You can specify a default email subject and email body along with your email address.
Following is the example to use default subject and body.

<a href = "mailto:[email protected]?subject = Feedback&body = Message">


Send Feedback
</a>

This code will generate the following link which you can use to send email.

HTML - Frames

HTML frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple sections where each section
can load a separate HTML document. A collection of frames in the browser window is known as
a frameset. The window is divided into frames in a similar way the tables are organized: into
rows and columns.

Disadvantages of Frames

There are few drawbacks with using frames, so it's never recommended to use frames in your
webpages −

 Some smaller devices cannot cope with frames often because their screen is not big
enough to be divided up.
 Sometimes your page will be displayed differently on different computers due to different
screen resolution.
 The browser's back button might not work as the user hopes.
 There are still few browsers that do not support frame technology.

Creating Frames

To use frames on a page we use <frameset> tag instead of <body> tag. The <frameset> tag
defines, how to divide the window into frames. The rows attribute of <frameset> tag defines
horizontal frames and cols attribute defines vertical frames. Each frame is indicated by <frame>
tag and it defines which HTML document shall open into the frame.

Note − The <frame> tag deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this element.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Example

Following is the example to create three horizontal frames −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset rows = "10%,80%,10%">


<frame name = "top" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "main" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "bottom" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>

</frameset>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

Example

Let's put the above example as follows, here we replaced rows attribute by cols and changed
their width. This will create all the three frames vertically −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset cols = "25%,50%,25%">


<frame name = "left" src = "/html/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "center" src = "/html/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "right" src = "/html/bottom_frame.htm" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

</frameset>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

The <frameset> Tag Attributes

Following are important attributes of the <frameset> tag −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

cols
Specifies how many columns are contained in the frameset and the size of each
column. You can specify the width of each column in one of the four ways −
Absolute values in pixels. For example, to create three vertical frames, use cols =
"100, 500, 100".
A percentage of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical frames,
1 use cols = "10%, 80%, 10%".
Using a wildcard symbol. For example, to create three vertical frames, use cols =
"10%, *, 10%". In this case wildcard takes remainder of the window.
As relative widths of the browser window. For example, to create three vertical
frames, use cols = "3*, 2*, 1*". This is an alternative to percentages. You can use
relative widths of the browser window. Here the window is divided into sixths: the
first column takes up half of the window, the second takes one third, and the third
takes one sixth.

rows
This attribute works just like the cols attribute and takes the same values, but it is
2 used to specify the rows in the frameset. For example, to create two horizontal
frames, use rows = "10%, 90%". You can specify the height of each row in the
same way as explained above for columns.

border
3 This attribute specifies the width of the border of each frame in pixels. For
example, border = "5". A value of zero means no border.

frameborder
4 This attribute specifies whether a three-dimensional border should be displayed
between frames. This attribute takes value either 1 (yes) or 0 (no). For example
frameborder = "0" specifies no border.

framespacing
5 This attribute specifies the amount of space between frames in a frameset. This
can take any integer value. For example framespacing = "10" means there should
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

be 10 pixels spacing between each frames.

The <frame> Tag Attributes

Following are the important attributes of <frame> tag −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

src
1 This attribute is used to give the file name that should be loaded in the frame. Its
value can be any URL. For example, src = "/html/top_frame.htm" will load an
HTML file available in html directory.

name
This attribute allows you to give a name to a frame. It is used to indicate which
2 frame a document should be loaded into. This is especially important when you
want to create links in one frame that load pages into an another frame, in which
case the second frame needs a name to identify itself as the target of the link.

frameborder
3 This attribute specifies whether or not the borders of that frame are shown; it
overrides the value given in the frameborder attribute on the <frameset> tag if one
is given, and this can take values either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).

marginwidth
4 This attribute allows you to specify the width of the space between the left and
right of the frame's borders and the frame's content. The value is given in pixels.
For example marginwidth = "10".

marginheight
5 This attribute allows you to specify the height of the space between the top and
bottom of the frame's borders and its contents. The value is given in pixels. For
example marginheight = "10".

noresize
6 By default, you can resize any frame by clicking and dragging on the borders of a
frame. The noresize attribute prevents a user from being able to resize the frame.
For example noresize = "noresize".

scrolling
7 This attribute controls the appearance of the scrollbars that appear on the frame.
This takes values either "yes", "no" or "auto". For example scrolling = "no" means
it should not have scroll bars.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

longdesc
8 This attribute allows you to provide a link to another page containing a long
description of the contents of the frame. For example longdesc =
"framedescription.htm"

Browser Support for Frames

If a user is using any old browser or any browser, which does not support frames then
<noframes> element should be displayed to the user.

So you must place a <body> element inside the <noframes> element because the <frameset>
element is supposed to replace the <body> element, but if a browser does not understand
<frameset> element then it should understand what is inside the <body> element which is
contained in a <noframes> element.

You can put some nice message for your user having old browsers. For example, Sorry!! your
browser does not support frames. as shown in the above example.

Frame's name and target attributes

One of the most popular uses of frames is to place navigation bars in one frame and then load
main pages into a separate frame.

Let's see following example where a test.htm file has following code −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Target Frames</title>
</head>

<frameset cols = "200, *">


<frame src = "/html/menu.htm" name = "menu_page" />
<frame src = "/html/main.htm" name = "main_page" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>
</frameset>

</html>

Here, we have created two columns to fill with two frames. The first frame is 200 pixels wide
and will contain the navigation menu bar implemented by menu.htm file. The second column
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

fills in remaining space and will contain the main part of the page and it is implemented
by main.htm file. For all the three links available in menu bar, we have mentioned target frame
as main_page, so whenever you click any of the links in menu bar, available link will open in
main page.

Following is the content of menu.htm file

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body bgcolor = "#4a7d49">


<a href = "http://www.google.com" target = "main_page">Google</a>
<br />
<br />

<a href = "http://www.microsoft.com" target = "main_page">Microsoft</a>


<br />
<br />

<a href = "http://news.bbc.co.uk" target = "main_page">BBC News</a>


</body>

</html>

Following is the content of main.htm file −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body bgcolor = "#b5dcb3">


<h3>This is main page and content from any link will be displayed here.</h3>
<p>So now click any link and see the result.</p>
</body>

</html>

When we load test.htm file, it produces following result −


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Now you can try to click links available in the left panel and see the result.
The targetattribute can also take one of the following values −

Sr.No Option & Description

1 _self
Loads the page into the current frame.

2 _blank
Loads a page into a new browser window. Opening a new window.

_parent
3 Loads the page into the parent window, which in the case of a single frameset is the
main browser window.

4 _top
Loads the page into the browser window, replacing any current frames.

targetframe
5 Loads the page into a named targetframe.

Examples:

<html>

<frameset cols="25%,50%,25%">

<frame src="1.htm"/>

<frame src="2.htm"/>

<frame src="3.htm"/>

</frameset>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<html>
<head>
<title>Frames</title>
</head>
<frameset rows="1*,1*">
<frameset cols="1*,1*,1*">
<frame name=Frame4 src=marquee2.htm style='mso-linked-frame:auto'>
<frame name=Frame6 src=image.htm style='mso-linked-frame:auto'>
<frame name=Frame1 src=web-graphics.htm style='mso-linked-frame:auto'>
</frameset>
<frameset cols="1*,1*">
<frame name=Frame3 src=image.htm style='mso-linked-frame:auto'>
<frame name=Frame5 src=marquee1.htm style='mso-linked-frame:auto'>
</frameset>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

HTML - Iframes

You can define an inline frame with HTML tag <iframe>. The <iframe> tag is not somehow
related to <frameset> tag, instead, it can appear anywhere in your document. The <iframe> tag
defines a rectangular region within the document in which the browser can display a separate
document, including scrollbars and borders. An inline frame is used to embed another document
within the current HTML document.

The src attribute is used to specify the URL of the document that occupies the inline frame.

Example

Following is the example to show how to use the <iframe> −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML Iframes</title>
</head>

<body>
<p>Document content goes here...</p>

<iframe src = "/html/menu.htm" width = "555" height = "200">


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Sorry your browser does not support inline frames.


</iframe>

<p>Document content also go here...</p>


</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

The <Iframe> Tag Attributes

Most of the attributes of the <iframe> tag, including name, class, frameborder, id, longdesc,
marginheight, marginwidth, name, scrolling, style, and title behave exactly like the
corresponding attributes for the <frame> tag.

Note − The frameborder, marginwidth, longdesc, scrolling, marginheight attributes deprecated


in HTML5. Do not use these attributes.
Sr.No Attribute & Description

src
1 This attribute is used to give the file name that should be loaded in the frame. Its
value can be any URL. For example, src = "/html/top_frame.htm" will load an
HTML file available in html directory.

name
This attribute allows you to give a name to a frame. It is used to indicate which
2 frame a document should be loaded into. This is especially important when you
want to create links in one frame that load pages into an another frame, in which
case the second frame needs a name to identify itself as the target of the link.

frameborder
3 This attribute specifies whether or not the borders of that frame are shown; it
overrides the value given in the frameborder attribute on the <frameset> tag if
one is given, and this can take values either 1 (yes) or 0 (no).

marginwidth
4 This attribute allows you to specify the width of the space between the left and
right of the frame's borders and the frame's content. The value is given in pixels.
For example marginwidth = "10".

marginheight
5 This attribute allows you to specify the height of the space between the top and
bottom of the frame's borders and its contents. The value is given in pixels. For
example marginheight = "10".
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

6 height
This attribute specifies the height of <iframe>.

scrolling
7 This attribute controls the appearance of the scrollbars that appear on the frame.
This takes values either "yes", "no" or "auto". For example scrolling = "no"
means it should not have scroll bars.

longdesc
8 This attribute allows you to provide a link to another page containing a long
description of the contents of the frame. For example longdesc =
"framedescription.htm"

9 width
This attribute specifies the width of <iframe>.

HTML - Forms

HTML Forms are required, when you want to collect some data from the site visitor. For
example, during user registration you would like to collect information such as name, email
address, credit card, etc.

A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end application such as
CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc. The back-end application will perform required processing
on the passed data based on defined business logic inside the application.

There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus,
radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.

The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form and it has following syntax −

<form action = "Script URL" method = "GET|POST">


form elements like input, textarea etc.
</form>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Form Attributes

Apart from common attributes, following is a list of the most frequently used form attributes −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

1 action
Backend script ready to process your passed data.

method
2 Method to be used to upload data. The most frequently used are GET and POST
methods.

target
3 Specify the target window or frame where the result of the script will be
displayed. It takes values like _blank, _self, _parent etc.

enctype
You can use the enctype attribute to specify how the browser encodes the data
before it sends it to the server. Possible values are −
4 application/x-www-form-urlencoded − This is the standard method most forms
use in simple scenarios.
mutlipart/form-data − This is used when you want to upload binary data in the
form of files like image, word file etc.

HTML Form Controls

There are different types of form controls that you can use to collect data using HTML form −

 Text Input Controls


 Checkboxes Controls
 Radio Box Controls
 Select Box Controls
 File Select boxes
 Hidden Controls
 Clickable Buttons
 Submit and Reset Button

Text Input Controls

There are three types of text input used on forms −


AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

 Single-line text input controls − This control is used for items that require only one line
of user input, such as search boxes or names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.
 Password input controls − This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character
as soon as a user enters it. They are also created using HTMl <input> tag.
 Multi-line text input controls − This is used when the user is required to give details
that may be longer than a single sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using
HTML <textarea> tag.

Single-line text input controls

This control is used for items that require only one line of user input, such as search boxes or
names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.

Example

Here is a basic example of a single-line text input used to take first name and last name −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Text Input Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form >
First name: <input type = "text" name = "first_name" />
<br>
Last name: <input type = "text" name = "last_name" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

Attributes
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating text field.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

1 type
Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be set to text.

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

3 value
This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

4 size
Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

maxlength
5 Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text
box.

Password input controls

This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a user enters it. They are
also created using HTML <input>tag but type attribute is set to password.

Here is a basic example of a single-line password input used to take user password −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Input Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type = "text" name = "user_id" />
<br>
Password: <input type = "password" name = "password" />
</form>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

This will produce the following result –

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating password field.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

1 type
Indicates the type of input control and for password input control it will be set to password.

2 name
Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the value.

3 value
This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

4 size
Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

5 maxlength
Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.

Multiple-Line Text Input Controls

This is used when the user is required to give details that may be longer than a single sentence.
Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Here is a basic example of a multi-line text input used to take item description −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
Description : <br />
<textarea rows = "5" cols = "50" name = "description">
Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <textarea> tag.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

name
1 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

2 rows
Indicates the number of rows of text area box.

3 cols
Indicates the number of columns of text area box
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Checkbox Control

Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to be selected. They are also created
using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to checkbox..

Example

Here is an example HTML code for a form with two checkboxes −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<input type = "checkbox" name = "maths" value = "on"> Maths
<input type = "checkbox" name = "physics" value = "on"> Physics
</form>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <checkbox> tag.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

type
1 Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set
to checkbox..

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

3 value
The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected.

4 checked
Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Radio Button Control

Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one option is required to be selected.
They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to radio.

Here is example HTML code for a form with two radio buttons −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "maths"> Maths
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "physics"> Physics
</form>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for radio button.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

type
1 Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to
radio.

name
2 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

3 value
The value that will be used if the radio box is selected.

4 checked
Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Select Box Control

A select box, also called drop down box which provides option to list down various options in
the form of drop down list, from where a user can select one or more options.

Here is example HTML code for a form with one drop down box

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Select Box Control</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<select name = "dropdown">
<option value = "Maths" selected>Maths</option>
<option value = "Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
</form>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes of <select> tag −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

name
1 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

2 size
This can be used to present a scrolling list box.

3 multiple
If set to "multiple" then allows a user to select multiple items from the menu.

Following is the list of important attributes of <option> tag −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

1 value
The value that will be used if an option in the select box box is selected.

2 selected
Specifies that this option should be the initially selected value when the page loads.

3 label
An alternative way of labeling options

File Upload Box

If you want to allow a user to upload a file to your web site, you will need to use a file upload
box, also known as a file select box. This is also created using the <input> element but type
attribute is set to file.

Here is example HTML code for a form with one file upload box −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<body>
<form>
<input type = "file" name = "fileupload" accept = "image/*" />
</form>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the following result –

Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes of file upload box −

Sr.No Attribute & Description

name
1 Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and
get the value.

2 accept
Specifies the types of files that the server accepts.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Button Controls

There are various ways in HTML to create clickable buttons. You can also create a clickable
button using <input>tag by setting its type attribute to button. The type attribute can take the
following values −

Sr.No Type & Description

1 submit
This creates a button that automatically submits a form.

2 reset
This creates a button that automatically resets form controls to their initial values.

button
3 This creates a button that is used to trigger a client-side script when the user clicks that
button.

4 image
This creates a clickable button but we can use an image as background of the button.

Here is example HTML code for a form with three types of buttons −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<input type = "submit" name = "submit" value = "Submit" />
<input type = "reset" name = "reset" value = "Reset" />
<input type = "button" name = "ok" value = "OK" />
<input type = "image" name = "imagebutton" src = "/html/images/logo.png" />
</form>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

This will produce the following result –

Hidden Form Controls

Hidden form controls are used to hide data inside the page which later on can be pushed to the
server. This control hides inside the code and does not appear on the actual page. For example,
following hidden form is being used to keep current page number. When a user will click next
page then the value of hidden control will be sent to the web server and there it will decide which
page will be displayed next based on the passed current page.

Example

Here is example HTML code to show the usage of hidden control −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>

<body>
<form>
<p>This is page 10</p>
<input type = "hidden" name = "pagename" value = "10" />
<input type = "submit" name = "submit" value = "Submit" />
<input type = "reset" name = "reset" value = "Reset" />
</form>
</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

This will produce the following result –

Examples:

<html>
<head>
<title>Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form mailto:[email protected] method=post>
NAME:<input type=text>
<br>
<br>
PASSWORD:<input type=pass word>
<br>
<br>
ADDRESS:<textarea=rows=5 cols=40>
</textarea>
<br>
<br>
SEX:<input type=button>Male
<input type=button>Female
<br>
<br>
HOBBIES:<input type=checkbox>Reading
<input type=checkbox>Stamp collection
<br>
<br>
STATE:<select>
<option>Andrapredesh</option>
<option>Tamilnadu</option>
<option>Karnataka</option>
</select>
<br>
<br>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

SUBMIT:<input type=submit>
<br>
<br>
RESET:<input type=reset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

HTML - Embed Multimedia

Sometimes you need to add music or video into your web page. The easiest way to add video

or sound to your web site is to include the special HTML tag called <embed>. This tag causes
the browser itself to include controls for the multimedia automatically provided browser supports
<embed> tag and given media type.

You can also include a <noembed> tag for the browsers which don't recognize the <embed> tag.
You could, for example, use <embed> to display a movie of your choice, and <noembed> to
display a single JPG image if browser does not support <embed> tag.

Here is a simple example to play an embedded midi file −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML embed Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<embed src = "/html/yourfile.mid" width = "100%" height = "60" >
<noembed><img src = "yourimage.gif" alt = "Alternative Media" ></noembed>
</embed>
</body>

</html>

The <embed> Tag Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes which can be used with <embed> tag.

Note −The align and autostart attributes deprecated in HTML5. Do not use these attributes.

Sr.No Attribute & Description

align
1
Determines how to align the object. It can be set to either center, left or right.

autostart
2 This boolean attribute indicates if the media should start automatically. You can set it either true
or false.

3 loop
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Specifies if the sound should be played continuously (set loop to true), a certain number of times
(a positive value) or not at all (false)

playcount
4 Specifies the number of times to play the sound. This is alternate option for loop if you are
usiong IE.

hidden
5 Specifies if the multimedia object should be shown on the page. A false value means no and true
values means yes.

width
6
Width of the object in pixels

height
7
Height of the object in pixels

name
8
A name used to reference the object.

src
9
URL of the object to be embedded.

volume
10
Controls volume of the sound. Can be from 0 (off) to 100 (full volume).

Supported Video Types

You can use various media types like Flash movies (.swf), AVI's (.avi), and MOV's (.mov) file
types inside embed tag.

 .swf files − are the file types created by Macromedia's Flash program.
 .wmv files − are Microsoft's Window's Media Video file types.
 .mov files − are Apple's Quick Time Movie format.
 .mpeg files − are movie files created by the Moving Pictures Expert Group.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML embed Tag</title>
</head>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<body>
<embed src = "/html/yourfile.swf" width = "200" height = "200" >
<noembed><img src = "yourimage.gif" alt = "Alternative Media" ></noembed>
</embed>
</body>

</html>

Background Audio

You can use HTML <bgsound> tag to play a soundtrack in the background of your webpage.
This tag is supported by Internet Explorer only and most of the other browsers ignore this tag. It
downloads and plays an audio file when the host document is first downloaded by the user and
displayed. The background sound file also will replay whenever the user refreshes the browser.

Note − The bgsound tag is deprecated and it is supposed to be removed in a future version of
HTML. So they should not be used rather, it's suggested to use HTML5 tag audio for adding
sound. But still for learning purpose, this chapter will explain bgsound tag in detail.

This tag is having only two attributes loop and src. Both these attributes have same meaning as
explained above.

Here is a simple example to play a small midi file −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>HTML embed Tag</title>
</head>

<body>
<bgsound src = "/html/yourfile.mid">
<noembed><img src = "yourimage.gif" ></noembed>
</bgsound>
</body>

</html>

This will produce the blank screen. This tag does not display any component and remains
hidden.

Internet Explorer can also handle only three different sound format files − wav, the native format
for PCs; au, the native format for most Unix workstations; and MIDI, a universal music-
encoding scheme.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

HTML Object tag

HTML 4 introduces the <object> element, which offers an all-purpose solution to generic object
inclusion. The <object> element allows HTML authors to specify everything required by an
object for its presentation by a user agent.

Here are a few examples −

Example - 1

You can embed an HTML document in an HTML document itself as follows −

<object data = "data/test.htm" type = "text/html" width = "300" height = "200">


alt : <a href = "data/test.htm">test.htm</a>
</object>

Here alt attribute will come into picture if browser does not support object tag.

Example - 2

You can embed a PDF document in an HTML document as follows −

<object data = "data/test.pdf" type = "application/pdf" width = "300" height = "200">


alt : <a href = "data/test.pdf">test.htm</a>
</object>

Example - 3

You can specify some parameters related to the document with the <param> tag. Here is an
example to embed a wav file −

<object data = "data/test.wav" type = "audio/x-wav" width = "200" height = "20">


<param name = "src" value = "data/test.wav">
<param name = "autoplay" value = "false">
<param name = "autoStart" value = "0">
alt : <a href = "data/test.wav">test.wav</a>
</object>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

Example - 4

You can add a flash document as follows −

<object classid = "clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" id = "penguin"


codebase = "someplace/swflash.cab" width = "200" height = "300">

<param name = "movie" value = "flash/penguin.swf" />


<param name = "quality" value = "high" />
<img src = "penguin.jpg" width = "200" height = "300" alt = "Penguin" />
</object>

Example - 5

You can add a java applet into HTML document as follows −

<object classid = "clsid:8ad9c840-044e-11d1-b3e9-00805f499d93"


width = "200" height = "200">
<param name = "code" value = "applet.class">
</object>

The classid attribute identifies which version of Java Plug-in to use. You can use the
optional codebase attribute to specify if and how to download the JRE.
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

ADDING MUSIC/SOUNDS/VIDEO WEB PAGE

To get sounds and music on your page, you can go about it one of two ways: You can create a
link to the sound file so people can download it and play it, or you can embed the sound
directly into the page itself. For starters, let's take a look at what the first option does.

THE LINK METHOD

HERE IS AN EXAMPLE LINK TO A SOUND FILE:

<A HREF="HTTP://WWW.FREEWEBKNOWLEDGE.COM/SOUNDS/MATTDUM.MID">A COOL MIDI


SONG</A>

This will make the browser attempt to view the sound file. In this case, I used a midi file. You
can do the same thing with .wav, .aud, and most other sound files. As long as the user has the
helper application or plugin installed and their browser is configured to use these, the user will
begin to download the file once they have clicked the link. Here's what the user will see. Click
on it and give it a try if you want to:

A COOL MIDI SONG

The browser opens a small new window to play back the file once it is downloaded to their
computer. Once the file is downloaded, the window will begin playing the sound or music file
automatically. The user can use the controls in their window to stop or start the sound. When
they are through, they can use the right click method to save the file, just like an image file on a
page. They can also close the new window and then return to browsing your site. The drawback
to this method is that the user has to click a link and then wait for the file, but this has an
advantage if you are going to have a large number of sound or music files for people to choose
from.

USING THE EMBED METHOD

This method has become very popular way to play a sound or music file because it allows for
many more options than a plain link does. The sound interface will be placed right on the page
and can be configured to start automatically, repeat over and over, or just play through once.
So, how do you do it? With the <EMBED> tag. This tag works in much the same way an image
tag does. You will need to specify the source of the sound file and add additional commands as
needed. Here is an example of the tag:
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<EMBED SRC="HTTP://WWW.FREEWEBKNOWLEDGE.COM/SOUNDS/MATTDUM.MID">

This tells the browser to place this file on the page right where you placed the tag. You don't
have to use a midi file, you can embed a .wav, .aud, and most other sound formats in this way.
As you can see, the src="" is asking for the source of the midi file, or its internet address. Just
type in the web address of your midi file here, and you are on your way. Here is what the above
example would show up like on your page:

NOW, YOU CAN ADD ADDITIONAL COMMANDS TO THE TAG TO CONTROL THE OUTPUT AND
APPEARANCE OF YOUR SOUND FILE. HERE ARE SOME COMMON COMMANDS YOU MAY WISH
TO USE:

1. WIDTH="144 "
TELLS THE BROWSER HOW WIDE YOU WISH THE SOUND DISPLAY TO BE. INPUT A
NUMBER IN PIXELS. THE MOST COMMON WIDTH IS 144.

1. HEIGHT="60"
TELLS THE BROWSER HOW TALL YOU WANT THE SOUND DISPLAY TO BE. INPUT A
NUMBER IN PIXELS. THE MOST COMMON HEIGHT IS 60.
2. AUTOSTART="TRUE"
INSTRUCTS THE BROWSER TO BEGIN PLAYING THE FILE AUTOMATICALLY ONCE IT HAS
BEEN LOADED ON THE PAGE. YOU CAN SET THIS VALUE TO TRUE OR FALSE. THE
DEFAULT IS FALSE.
3. LOOP="TRUE"
INSTRUCTS THE BROWSER TO PLAY THE FILE OVER AND OVER AGAIN FOR AS LONG AS
SOMEONE IS ON THAT PAGE, OR UNTIL THE USER HITS THE STOP BUTTON ON THE
DISPLAY. YOU CAN SET THIS VALUE TO TRUE OR FALSE. THE DEFAULT IS FALSE.
4. HIDDEN="TRUE"
THIS COMMAND TELLS THE BROWSER TO HIDE THE SOUND DISPLAY SO PEOPLE
VIEWING YOU PAGE DON'T SEE THE SOUND DISPLAY WITH THE CONTROL BUTTONS.
THE SOUND PLAYS AS THOUGH IT WERE JUST IN THE BACKGROUND SOMEWHERE. YOU
CAN SET THIS TO TRUE OR FALSE. THE DEFAULT IS FALSE.

Here is an example using multiple commands:

<EMBED src="http://www.myplace.com/coolsound.wav" width="144" height="60"


autostart="true" loop="true" hidden="true">

<A HREF="http://www.freewebknowledge.com/sounds/mattdum.mid">A Cool MIDI Song</A>

<br>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

<EMBED src="http://www.freewebknowledge.com/sounds/mattdum.mid">

<br>

<EMBED src="http://www.myplace.com/coolsound.wav" width="144" height="60"


autostart="true" loop="true" hidden="true">

<EMBED src="D:\AIM Training and Education\Web Technologies\HTML Notes\AR


html\HTML\HTML Advanced\QURAN.wav"> .

ADDING AUDIO

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Audio</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">Audio File m4a</h1>


<audio controls>
<source src="test.m4a" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio tag.
</audio>

<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">Audio File mp3</h1>


<audio controls>
<source src="test.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio tag.
</audio>

</body>
</BODY>
</HTML>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

ADDING VIDEO

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1>The video element</h1>

<video width="320" height="240" controls>

<source src="AMD.mp4" type="video/mp4">

<!--- <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> --->

Your browser does not support the video tag.

</video>

<video width="320" height="240" controls>

<source src="My.mp4" type="video/mp4">

<!--- <source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg"> --->

Your browser does not support the video tag.

</video>

</body>

</html>
AIM Technologies –HTML Notes - 2023

You might also like