4 WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT SIGNAL

OBJECT
Designing a four way traffic signal using 74163 counter IC.

INTRODUCTION
Traffic Lights are used to control the vehicular traffic. In the modern era, everyone has different
types of vehicles resulting in rise to the numbers of vehicles. That’s why traffic lights are
mandatory to avoid the traffic jams and accidents. Traffic light has proved to be an amazing
way to stop the vehicular collisions and control the traffic jams in today’s modern era where
everyone owns the different types of vehicles.

TRAFFIC LIGHT INDICATIONS

There are three lights in the traffic signal, having different message for the drivers.
Red light: instructs the driver to STOP at the intersection.
Green light: instructs the driver to GO through the intersection.
Yellow light: instructs the driver to WAIT (If red light is next) or GET READY (if green
light is next).

LIST OF COMPONENTS
 555 Timer IC
 74163 IC 4-bit counter
 7404 Hex inverter (six NOT gates)
 7408 Quad two-input AND gate (four AND gates)
 7432 Quad two-input OR gate (four OR gates)
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Red, yellow, green and pink LEDs
 Potentiometer
 9V Battery
 Connecting wires
 Breadboard

EXPLANATION OF COMPONENTS
74163 4-BIT COUNTER IC:

Output clock of 555 is given as the input in the counter, which has synchronous reset input that
performs counting and parallel loading and allows the outputs to be simultaneously reset on the

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rising edge of the clock. The buffered clock input triggers the four flip-flops on the rising edge of
the clock input waveform.

Its four output bits are denoted as QA,QB,QC,QD.

7404 HEX INVERTER (SIX NOT GATES):

7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform logical invert action. The output
of an inverter is the complement of its input logic state, i.e., when input is high its output is low
and vice versa.We have used two not gates in

7408 QUAD TWO-INPUT AND GATE (FOUR AND GATES):

A Logic AND Gate is a type of digital logic gate that has an output which is normally LOW (0) and
only goes HIGH (1) when all of its inputs are HIGH (1). The output state of a “Logic AND Gate”
only returns “LOW” again when any of its inputs are LOW (0).

7432 QUAD TWO-INPUT OR GATE (FOUR OR GATES):

OR gate performs logical OR operation which means output is HIGH (1) if at least one of the
inputs is HIGH (1). Just like AND gate, an OR gate may also have two or any more numbers of
inputs but only one output.

555 Timer :

Purpose of this IC is to generate clock for the circuit.

POTENTIOMETER:

Its purpose here is to delay the time and frequency of the circuit by varying the resistance across
discharge and threshold pins.

WORKING
Circuit is executed through the 9V DC battery, at first, a clock of around 1.8 sec is generated
through the 555 timer which becomes the input for 74163 counter. This counter provides 4 bit
output. These outputs are used as the inputs of combinational circuit. The certain pattern of
traffic lights is repeated after each 16 clock cycles i.e: 28.8 sec. duration of red and green lights
is 7 clock cycles i.e: 12.6 sec while yellow led sets high for 2 clock cycles i.e: 3.6 sec along with
red and 2 clock cycles after green. That’s how the pattern is completed and the it will be repeated
itself further.

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TRUTH TABLE
INPUTS EAST WEST NORTH SOUTH
A B C D R Y G R Y G R Y G R Y G
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

K-MAPS
East/West Red: East/West Green:
CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
AB AB
00 1 1 1 1 00
01 1 1 1 1 01
11 11 1 1
10 10 1 1 1 1
RE/W= A’ GE/W= A (B’+C’)

North/South Red: North/South Green:

CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
AB AB
00 00 1 1 1 1
01 01 1 1
11 1 1 1 1 11
10 1 1 1 1 10
RN/S= A GN/S= A’ (B’+C’)

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 Yellow

CD 00 01 11 10
AB
00
01
11 1 1 Y= BC
10 1 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CONCLUSION
Automatic traffic lighting system is useful equipment for controlling traffic flow at junctions.
This method has for long outweighed1 the older system in many ways it is more efficient and
effective as well, as it can enhance the transportation system of the country saving many hours
usually lost in traffic problems. Accidents may also be prevented and lives can be saved.

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