The document provides an overview of intermediate grammar topics including the present perfect tense, present perfect vs past simple, irregular verbs, the future tense, modal verbs, conditionals, and an introduction to the passive voice. It includes explanations, examples, and exercises for each topic.
The document provides an overview of intermediate grammar topics including the present perfect tense, present perfect vs past simple, irregular verbs, the future tense, modal verbs, conditionals, and an introduction to the passive voice. It includes explanations, examples, and exercises for each topic.
The document provides an overview of intermediate grammar topics including the present perfect tense, present perfect vs past simple, irregular verbs, the future tense, modal verbs, conditionals, and an introduction to the passive voice. It includes explanations, examples, and exercises for each topic.
The document provides an overview of intermediate grammar topics including the present perfect tense, present perfect vs past simple, irregular verbs, the future tense, modal verbs, conditionals, and an introduction to the passive voice. It includes explanations, examples, and exercises for each topic.
INTERMEDIA (PARTE I) • PRESENT PERFECT • PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE? • VERBOS IRREGULARES (PARTE II) • FUTURO • VERBOS MODALES • CONDICIONALES • INTRODUCCIÓN A LA PASIVA PRESENT PERFECT BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT ¿CUÁNDO SE USA? ➢ Acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado pero tienen consecuencias en el presente, pueden seguir ocurriendo hoy en día y en algunos casos son recientes.
¿CÓMO SE FORMA? SUJ + HAVE/HAS + VERBO –ED / 3º COLUMNA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES
I have travelled to France She has travelled to France
I have bought a new book She has bought a new book PRESENT PERFECT SUJ + HAVE/HAS NOT + VERBO –ED / 3º COLUMNA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES
I haven’t travelled to France She hasn’t travelled to France
I haven’t bought a new book She hasn’t bought a new book
HAVE/HAS + SUJ + VERBO –ED / 3º COLUMNA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES ?
Have I travelled to France? Has she travelled to France?
Have I bought a new book? Has she bought a new book? Verbos auxiliar TO HAVE TO DO
I have I have not Have I?
You’ve You haven’t Have you?
He/She/It has He/She/It hasn’t Has he/she/it?
We’ve We haven’t Have we?
You’ve You haven’t Have you?
They’ve They haven’t Have they?
PRESENT PERFECT: PISTAS ➢ ALREADY / JUST / YET I have already bought the tickets
I have just bought the tickets
I haven’t bought the tickets yet
➢ FOR / SINCE ➢ I have lived in Italy for 3 years → periodo de tiempo
➢ I have known Marta since 2006 → fecha u oración
EJEMPLOS 1. I _________________ (be) in London for three years. I love it here.
2. Lucy _________________ (break) her leg, so she can’t come skiing.
3. I _________________ (know) about the problem for months, but I
_________________ (not / find) a solution yet. BREAK BROKE BROKEN
EJEMPLOS KNOW KNEW KNOWN AM/IS/ARE WAS/WERE BEEN FIND FOUND FOUND
1. I _________________ (be) in London for three years. I love it here.
2. Lucy _________________ (break) her leg, so she can’t come skiing.
3. I _________________ (know) about the problem for months, but I
_________________ (not / find) a solution yet. EJEMPLOS 1. I HAVE BEEN (be) in London for three years. I love it here.
2. Lucy HAS BROKEN (break) her leg, so she can’t come skiing.
3. I HAVE KNOWN (know) about the problem for months, but I
HAVEN’T FOUND (not / find) a solution yet. WATCH OUT! - PAST SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT? ➢ I ____________ (lose) my keys. I can’t go home now.
➢ Yesterday I ___________ (meet) your husband at the cinema.
➢ He __________ (find) the time to do it yet.
➢ My mum _________ (teach) English in a school last summer.
PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT? ➢ I HAVE LOST (lose) my keys. I can’t go home now.
➢ Yesterday I MET (meet) your husband at the cinema.
➢ He HASN’T FOUND (find) the time to do it yet.
➢ My mum TAUGHT (teach) English in a school last summer.
Infinitive Past Simple Participle Be – ser/ estar was / were been Become – convertirse became become Begin – empezar began begun Bring – traer brought brought Buy – comprar bought bought Choose – elegir chose chosen Come – venir came come Do – hacer did done Drink – beber drank drunk Drive – conducir drove driven Eat – comer ate eaten Fall – caer fell fallen Feel – sentir felt felt Find – encontrar found found Infinitive Past Simple Participle Fly – volar flew flown Forget – olvidar forgot forgotten Get – conseguir got got (gotten in USA) Give – dar gave given Go – ir went gone Have – tener had had Hear – oír heard heard Keep – mantener kept kept Know – saber knew known Leave – abandonar left left Lend – prestar lent lent Let – permitir let let Lose – perder lost lost Make – construir made made Infinitive Past Simple Participle Meet – conocer (a alguien) met met Pay – pagar paid paid Put – poner put put Read – leer read (pronounced /red/) read (pronounced /red/) Run – correr ran run Say – decir said said See – ver saw seen Sell – vender sold sold Send – enviar sent sent Sing – cantar sang sung Sit – sentarse sat sat Sleep – dormir slept slept Speak – hablar spoke spoken Stand – levantarse stood stood Infinitive Past Simple Participle Swim – nadar swam swum Take – coger took taken Teach – enseñar taught taught Tell – contar told told Think – pensar thought thought Understand – entender understood understood Wear – llevar puesto wore worn Write – escribir wrote written Dormir Infinitive Past Simple Participle Correr Infinitive Past Simple Participle Comer Infinitive Past Simple Participle Pagar Infinitive Past Simple Participle Escribir Infinitive Past Simple Participle FUTURE TENSE WILL: (50%) BE GOING TO: ➢ Improvisar ➢ Plan ➢ Previsión en base a opinión ➢ Previsión en base a pruebas
I think it will rain this evening. I am going to visit my mum.
It’s hot. I’ll open the window. That girl is going to fall at some point.
WILL + INF ARE/IS/AM GOING TO + INF
FUTURE TENSE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: PRESENT SIMPLE: (99%)
➢ Plan cercano, con más preparación previa ➢ Hechos fijos, con horario
- What are you doing tonight? The train leaves at 9:30
+ I am meeting John
TO BE + VERBO -ING INF(S)
EJEMPLOS ➢ + The phone is ringing.
– I _________________________ and answer it. (GO)
➢ The guided tour _________________________ the hotel at 8.25 tomorrow morning. (LEAVE)
➢ I _________________________ tomorrow so we can go to the beach. (NOT WORK)
➢ My sister decided she _________________________ in the USA next year. (STUDY)
EJEMPLOS ➢ + The phone is ringing.
– I WILL GO and answer it. (GO)
➢ The guided tour LEAVES the hotel at 8.25 tomorrow morning. (LEAVE)
➢ I AM NOT WORKING tomorrow so we can go to the beach. (NOT WORK)
➢ My sister decided she IS GOING TO STUDY in the USA next year. (STUDY) VERBOS MODALES CAN / CAN NOT (CAN’T)
➢ Posibilidad: I can go to a pub now that I am 18
➢ Habilidad: I can ride a bike
➢ Prohibición: You can’t have these biscuits now
MUST / MUST NOT (MUSTN’T) HAVE TO /DO NOT (DON’T) HAVE TO
You must go to school You have to tidy your room
You mustn’t smoke in a restaurant You don’t have to buy me a present
SHOULD / SHOULD NOT (SHOULDN’T)
You should go to the doctor
You shouldn’t ruin her birthday party
ANSERW TO THESE SITUATIONS
➢ I had an argument with my sister and we don’t talk anymore.
➢ I am 40 years old and I don’t have a job.
➢ It’s my cousin’s weeding next week and I don’t have anything to
wear. ¿QUÉ SON LAS CONDICIONALES? ZERO CONDITIONAL ➢ Verdades universales: leyes, ciencia…
• The ice melts if you heat it FIRST CONDITIONAL ➢ Situaciones reales o posibles. Si ocurre algo en el presente, pasará algo en el futuro.
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, SUJ + WILL + INF
SUJ + WILL + INF + IF + SUJ + PRESENT SIMPLE
• If you park here, you will get a fine
• You will get a fine if you park here
• She will get a fine if she parks here / If she parks here, she will get a fine → ¡OJO! SECOND CONDITIONAL ➢ Situaciones irreales o muy poco posibles: sueños, deseos… Si ocurriera algo en el presente, pasaría algo en el futuro.
IF + PAST SIMPLE, SUJ + WOULD + INF
SUJ + WOULD + INF + IF + SUJ + PAST SIMPLE
• If I won the lottery, I would (I’d) spend my life travelling
• I would (I’d) spend my life travelling if I won the lottery
WRITE A CONDITIONAL FOR EACH SITUATION • I have an exam tomorrow.
• It’s 6:00. The sun rises at 6:00.
• I haven’t seen a blue pig. It is insane!
WRITE A CONDITIONAL FOR EACH SITUATION • I have an exam tomorrow. • You will pass your exam if you study. → FIRST CONDITIONAL
• It’s 6:00. The sun rises at 6:00.
• If it’s 6:00, the sun rises. → ZERO CONDITIONAL
• I haven’t seen a blue pig. It is insane!
• If you saw a blue pig, you would be very surprised. → SECOND CONDITIONAL PASSIVE VOICE VS. ACTIVE VOICE • Shakespeare escribió Romeo y Julieta. • Romeo y Julieta fue escrito por Shakespeare.
• Shakespeare wrote Romeo & Juliet.
• Romeo & Juliet was written by Shakespeare.
SUJ + TO BE (TIEMPO CORRESPONDIENTE) + PARTICIPIO (VERBO –ED / 3º
COLUMNA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES) + BY WILL → MISMA REGLA DE LOS MODALES!!! The bike will be stolen TURN THESE SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE:
______________________________________________________________________________ TURN THESE SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE: 1. They have offered a good job.
A good job has been offered.
2. They should redecorate the house before Christmas.
