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Revision of Mensuration

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47 views16 pages

Revision of Mensuration

Uploaded by

feranmi.alara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONGRUENT TRIANGLES

QUADRILATERALS
1. Find the area of this trapezium

2.

3.

4.
3 – D SHAPES DIAGRAM SURFACE AREA VOLUME
CUBE 6𝐿2 𝐿3
Edge L

CUBOID 2(𝐿𝐵 + 𝐿𝐻 + 𝐵𝐻) LBH

CYLINDER Closed at both ends 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ


2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
Open on one end
𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
Curved surface area =
2𝜋𝑟ℎ

CONE 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 1 2


𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 3
Total surface area =
𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 2
Note that
𝑙 2 = 𝑟 2 + ℎ2

PRISM Sum of the areas of Area of cross-


all the faces. section X
height
1.

2.
3.

THE CIRCLES
A circle is a round-shaped figure that has no corners or edges.
It is a closed two-dimensional figure in which the set of all the points in the plane is equidistant from
a given point called “centre”
Diameter = 2 x Radius i.e d = 2r
Area of a circle = 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟐𝟐
Circumference (Perimeter) of a circle = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝒐𝒓 𝝅𝒅 where 𝝅 = 𝒐𝒓 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒𝟐
𝟕
𝟏
A half of the circumference = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝝅𝒓
𝟏 𝝅𝒓
A quarter of the circumference 𝟒 × 𝟐𝝅𝒓 = 𝟐

𝜽
Length of a chord = 𝟐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( )
𝟐

𝜽
Length of an arc = × 𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝜽
Area of a sector = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝜽
Perimeter of a sector = 𝟐𝒓 + (𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝟐𝝅𝒓)
𝜽 𝟏
Area of a segment = (𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝝅𝒓𝟐 ) − (𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)

Perimeter of a segment = Length of an arc + Length of a chord


𝜽 𝜽
= (𝟑𝟔𝟎 × 𝟐𝝅𝒓) + (𝟐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟐))

Note that: It is major when 𝜽 is greater than 1800 while it is minor when 𝜽 is less than
1800
Example

Surface Area and Volume of a Pyramid


A pyramid is a shape which has its base as a polygon. It has sloping triangular faces which meet at a
point called APEX. Examples of pyramids are square-based pyramid, rectangular-based pyramid etc.

Surface Area of a pyramid =


Sum of the areas of the four triangular faces + Area of the base
1
Volume of a pyramid = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑋 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
3

EXAMPLE:
VABCD is a square-based pyramid with vertex V and base ABCD, with V vertically above the centre of
the square base. The height of the pyramid is 4 cm and the side length of the base is 6 cm, find the
surface area and volume of the pyramid.
Frustum of Cone and Pyramid

A frustum is the shape you are left with if you cut the top part (the pointy bit) of a cone or pyramid
off parallel to its base.

Volume of frustum of a Cone= Vol of Big Cone – Vol of Small Cone

Alternatively: Volume of a frustum of a Cone

V = 1/3𝜋𝑑(𝑅 2 + 𝑅𝑟 + 𝑟 2 )

Curved Surface area of the frustum of a Cone = 𝜋s ( R + r)


Total surface area of the frustum of a Cone = 𝜋𝑠(𝑅 + 𝑟) + 𝜋𝑟 2 + 𝜋𝑅 2 where d = depth of the
frustum, s = slant height of the frustum, R= Big radius of the frustum
r = Small radius of the frustum
EXAMPLES:
(1) Calculate to 3 s.f , the volume and the total surface area of a frustum of a Cone
whose height is 6 cm and the radii of its top and bottom faces are 7 cm and 10 cm respectively.
(2.) A frustum of a Pyramid with square base has its upper and lower ends as squares of sizes
3 cm and 5 cm respectively. The perpendicular distance between the end faces is 7 cm.
(a.) Find the volume of the frustum. (b.) Find the surface area of the frustum.

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