DEVELOPMENT

REVISION
MEANING
DEVELOPMENT

Different persons have

Contradictory ideas of
different developmental
development
goals
 PROCESS, GROWTH
TECHNOLOGY,
POSITIVE CHANGE ,
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT
EVOLUTION,
ELABORATION, JOB COMFORTABLE LIFE,
OPPORTUNITIES, CREATING NEW THINGS,
INVENTION, INCREASE EDUCATION, EQUALITY,
IN WEALTH
INCOME AND OTHER GOALS
Besides more income people seek development in terms of:

● Equal treatment
● Freedom
● Security
● Respect etc

For development people look at a mix of goals.

Development is not just about more income (Kanika Singh)
DEVELOPMENT IS NOT JUST ABOUT MORE INCOME, IT ALSO INCLUDES
FREEDOM, EQUALITY, RESPECT, SECURITY, NO DISCRIMINATION AND MANY
MORE OTHER THINGS.

DEVELOPMENT ALSO INCLUDES SOME MORE IMPORTANT THINGS WHICH

ARE GIVEN LESS IMPORTANCE :
★ FAMILY
★ FRIENDS
★ COLLEAGUES
FOR EXAMPLE :-
IF IN AN ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY THERE ARE MANY CRIMES HAPPENING AND PEOPLE
ARE NOT TREATED EQUALLY AND SOME FEELING ALIENATED THAN THAT COUNTRY MAY NOT BE
CONSIDERED AS COMPLETELY DEVELOPED COUNTRY BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE EQUALLY TREATED AND
IN A DEVELOPED COUNTRY SUCH LESS GIVEN IMPORTANCE THINGS ARE ALSO INCLUDED.
 NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Ideology of different Different

persons Conflicting goals
developmental goals
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (SHRADDHA SHARMA)

● National Development means the ideology of different people in different countries

development. These ideologies could be at times conflicting. It is measured by -
Average Income and Per Capita Income.
● People have different development goals. Development goals are aspirations and
desires of the people. They are different for different individuals. Since people come
from different situations, their development goals differ.
● People have conflicting goals means that development for one may not be
development for other. Their goals may clash. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is an example
for conflicting development goals for the people who are being affected by it.
COMPARE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
● Income is considered to be the one of the most important attributes.
● More income = more development
● Total income = Income of all the residents of the country.
● Total income is not useful because countries have different population.
● Average income = total income / total population
● It is also called per capita income.
● Average income is useful for comparison but it does not tell us how the
income is distributed among people of the country.
 Total income (Ritisha)
Total income is obtained by adding the incomes of all the residents of the
country, which lists the following merits and demerits::

MERITS: DEMERITS:
● It helps us to determine the ● Cannot be used to compare
financial status of the country among countries because of the
as a whole. population difference.

● Can be used to overcheck on ● The population has differences

how the taxes paid by the in the economic status as well.
residents are used as for
development. ● Thus, with total income, we
cannot determine the average
● Determines the misuse of the income of each person.
resources in some way.
Per capita income (abhishyant)
Per capita income refers to the total income of the country divided by total
population. Countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 per annum and above
were termed as rich income countries and those countries with per capita income
of US$ 955 or less were termed as low income country.

With profit also comes loss. The flaws of per capita income are :-

● Distribution of income is not shown.

● Ignores factors like IMR, literacy rate, healthcare facility, etc.
Per capita income (abhishyant)
Consider the above table 1.2 , average income of both the countries is 10,000
rupees. But if you were asked to choose one country to live in, one would surely
choose country A as there is equitable distribution of income in it.

In country A, people are neither very poor not extremely rich. But in country B,
people are much poor and one is extremely rich.
INCOME AND OTHER CRITERIA
Besides average income there are other criteria:

● Infant Mortality Rate

● Net Attendance Ratio
● Literacy Rate
● Body Mass Index

A comparison of Haryana, Kerala and Bihar is given on page 10.

 Income And Other Criteria By Disha
•Income is considered to be one of the most
important attributes and for comparing countries.
Countries with higher income are more
developed than others with less income. The
income of the country is the income of all the
citizens of the country. This gives us the total
income of the country. Other income their are
other criteria:-
•For development,an individual apart from having
a better income has other goals as well as such
as security, love , care , respect and so on. For
comparing a nation besides income, others
attributes are equally important that should be
considered.
 Other Criteria than Income. (Disha)
•IMR(Infant Mortality Rate):-The number

of children dying less than 1 year.

•Literacy rate:-The proportion of illiterate
population in 7 years and above age group.
•Net attendance Ratio:-The total number
of children of age group 14 and 15 years
attending school as a percentage of total
number of children in the same age group.
PUBLIC FACILITIES
● Goods and services used and acquired collectively.
● PDS - Public Distribution System helps to maintain the health and nutritional
status of people.
● HDI - Human Development Index uses a combination of development factors
like health, education, income for comparison.
 Public facilities by
ADITYA KUMAR

Public Facilities are provided by the government for all the people living in the country and are considered the basic need for the people.

:- Public facilities can be shared by many people and improve the basic lifestyle for the people which are not able to afford private facilities :- for eg; a person
who can’t afford the treatment in a private hospital can go to the public hospital.

:- There are also people who can’t afford a private vehicle can also use public vehicle like busses and trains for their own transport for a very cheap price.

:- Education is the facility which all poor and rich both need, however the poor can’t afford the high fees of the private schools. That’s why there are public
school all over the india which provide basic education all the children.

:-Health is one of the most important aspect of one’s life there many facilities that improve the lifestyle of people for eg;- public hospital, drinking water and
sanitation.

:-Law and order or Jurisdiction is considered one of the most needed public facilities to maintain law and order between people and solving riots between
two or more parties.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
Human development report published by UNDP compares countries
based on- educational level of people, their health status and per
capita income.

FACTORS OF HDR
(UNDP)

EDUCATION HEALTH STATUS PER CAPITA INCOME

HDR RANKINGS (SHRADDHA)
SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT
● Use the resources judiciously and maintain the ecological balance.
● Future generations should not be deprived of these resources.
● If natural resources are not sustained then development will stagnate after a
point of time.
Ways for achieving Sustainable development
Scientific and proper use of natural resources

Judicious use of natural resources for better future

No increase in pollution or environmental degradation

Protection of flora and fauna

Resources like water, wind, solar energy, etc are inexhaustible but we must see that they are not to put to

wrong use.

There is no harm in using the land for cultivation but we should see that its fertility is maintained.
 SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT (MAYANK)
🔹Sustainable development can be defined as an approach to the economic
development of a country without damaging or compromising with the quality of the
environment for future generations.

◈HOW TO ACHIEVE IT?

🔹It can be achieved by restricting human activities…

🔹All types of pollution should be minimised..

🔹It can be achieved by sensible use of natural resources..