WELCOME TO

ENGLAND
AGUSTIN, STEAVEN BALAIS, GILMARC GALIZA, MAYBEL
ALAGAO, NEIL VON CHAN, KYLE LAURICIO, CHARLENE
APOSTOL, JHENY* DE LARA, DAWN PASCUAL, GODWAYNE
BADUA, MARK KEVIN SANTOS, ALVIR

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GODWAYNE PASCUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS

HISTORY

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
TABLE OF CONTENT

LITERATURE

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
TABLE OF CONTENT

SUGGESTED
READINGS

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
TABLE OF CONTENT

FAMOUS
AUTHORS

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
TABLE OF CONTENT

SUMMARY

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
STEP INTO
England’s Story
PREHISTORIC ENGLAND
1.Paleolithic Era (c. 800,000 BCE - 10,000 BCE):
• Early human presence in England is evidenced by tools and
artifacts.
• Homo heidelbergensis and later Neanderthals inhabit the
region.
• Arrival of Homo sapiens during the Upper Paleolithic period,
around 40,000 BCE.
2.Mesolithic Era (c. 10,000 BCE - 4000 BCE):
• Hunter-gatherer communities emerge.
• Climate changes and the landscape influence human
adaptation.
3.Neolithic Era (c. 4000 BCE - 2500 BCE):
• Introduction of agriculture and the domestication of animals.
• Construction of megalithic structures like Stonehenge and
Avebury.
• Development of settled communities and the transition to a
more sedentary lifestyle.

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JHENY APOSTOL
STEP INTO
England’s Story
PREHISTORIC ENGLAND
4. Bronze Age (c. 2500 BCE - 800 BCE):
• The use of bronze for tools and weapons becomes widespread.
• Burial mounds and barrows are constructed.
• Increased trade and interaction with other regions.
5. Iron Age (c. 800 BCE - 43 CE):
• Introduction of iron tools and weapons.
• Celtic tribes dominate the landscape.
• Construction of hillforts for defense and settlement.
6. Roman Britain (43 CE - 410 CE):
• The Roman invasion under Emperor Claudius in 43 CE.
• Romanization of Britain, including the construction of roads,
towns, and villas.
• Boudica's rebellion in 60/61 CE against Roman rule.
• The construction of Hadrian's Wall (photo at the right) in the
north as a defensive barrier.

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JHENY APOSTOL
STEP INTO
England’s Story
EARLY MEDIEVAL (C. 410-1066)
1.Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (5th - 9th centuries):
• After the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the early 5th
century, a series of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms emerged, including
Wessex, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia, and Kent.
• The spread of Christianity in the 6th and 7th centuries, with
figures like St. Augustine of Canterbury playing a key role in its
establishment.
• The Synod of Whitby in 664, which resolved differences
between Celtic and Roman Christian practices.
2.Viking Invasions (8th - 11th centuries):
• Viking raids on English monasteries and towns, beginning in the
late 8th century.
• The Great Heathen Army's invasion and subsequent
establishment in the late 9th century.
• The Danelaw, an area of Viking control in England, established
in the 9th century.
• The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum in 886, which defined the
borders between the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings.

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JHENY APOSTOL
STEP INTO
England’s Story
EARLY MEDIEVAL (C. 410-1066)
3. Alfred the Great (871-899):
1. Alfred, King of Wessex, successfully defended his kingdom
against Viking invasions.
2. His efforts to promote learning and education, including the
translation of important texts into English.
3. Alfred's reign is often considered a turning point in the struggle
against Viking invasions.
4. Æthelstan and the Unification (924-939):
1. Æthelstan, Alfred's grandson, is often regarded as the first King
of all England.
2. He expanded Wessex's influence over the other Anglo-Saxon
kingdoms.
5. The Reign of Æthelred the Unready (978-1013, 1014-1016):
1. A period marked by Viking invasions, including the infamous St.
Brice's Day Massacre in 1002.
2. The Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard briefly claimed the English
throne in 1013.

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JHENY APOSTOL
STEP INTO
England’s Story
MEDIEVAL ENGLAND(1066-1485)
1.Norman Conquest (1066):
• William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, defeated
Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings.
• The Domesday Book (1086) was commissioned to assess
the extent of land and wealth in England.
2.Feudalism and the Doomsday Book:
• The Norman rulers introduced feudalism, a system of land
ownership and service.
• The Doomsday Book, completed in 1086, was a survey of
land and property for tax purposes.
3.Henry II and the Angevin Empire (1154-1189):
• Henry II expanded the Angevin Empire, which included
England, Normandy, and parts of Ireland and France.
• Development of common law and legal reforms.
• The conflict with Thomas Becket, Archbishop of
Canterbury.

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YAHZEE ALAGAO
STEP INTO
England’s Story
MEDIEVAL ENGLAND(1066-1485)
4. The Plantagenet Dynasty (1189-1485):
• The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) with France.
• The Black Death (1348-1350) led to a significant population
decline.
• The Peasants' Revolt in 1381 against social and economic
injustices.
• The Wars of the Roses (1455-1487), a series of civil wars between
the rival houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne.
5. Magna Carta (1215):
• King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215, limiting the power of
the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights.
• It laid the groundwork for constitutional principles.
6. The Reign of Edward I (1272-1307):
• Expansion of royal authority and the establishment of Parliament
as a regular institution.
• Conquest of Wales in 1284.

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YAHZEE ALAGAO
STEP INTO
England’s Story
MEDIEVAL ENGLAND(1066-1485)
7. The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453):
• A series of conflicts between England and France over
territorial claims.
• Key battles include Crecy (1346) and Agincourt (1415).
• The war ended with the Treaty of Troyes (1420) and
the subsequent Wars of the Roses.
8. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1487):
• Civil wars between the rival houses of Lancaster and
York for control of the English throne.
• Key battles include the Battle of Bosworth (1485),
where Henry Tudor defeated Richard III, marking the
end of the Wars of the Roses and the beginning of the
Tudor dynasty.

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YAHZEE ALAGAO
STEP INTO
England’s Story
TUDORS (1485 – 1603)
• Henry VII’s victory against Richard III at the Battle of
Bosworth ended the turbulent Wars of the Roses
and began the Tudor dynasty – possibly the most
famous royal family in English history.

• The country underwent huge changes during the

reigns of three generations of Tudor monarchs.
Henry VIII ushered in a new state religion, and the
increasing confidence of the state coincided with
the growth of a distinctively English culture.

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YAHZEE ALAGAO
STEP INTO
England’s Story
STUARTS (1603 – 1714)
• The Stuart era began when James I, who was also
James VI of Scotland, succeded Elizabeth I. She had
died childless in 1603. James’s ascension to the
throne brought together the two long-warring
nations of England and Scotland.

• The Stuart period witnessed intense religious and

political conflicts, which shifted power from the
monarchy to parliament. Meanwhile, discoveries
and innovations transformed science, architecture,
and everyday life.

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GILMARC BALAIS
STEP INTO
England’s Story
GEORGIANS (1714 - 1837)
• When Queen Anne died in 1714 with no surviving
children, the German Hanoverians were brought in
to succeed her. This began the Georgian age –
named after the first four Hanoverian kings, all
called George.

• This period saw Britain establish itself as an

international power at the center of an expanding
empire, and accelerating change from the 1770s
onwards made it the world’s first industrialized
nation.

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GILMARC BALAIS
STEP INTO
England’s Story
20TH CENTURY (1901 - 2000)
• The Britain of the year 2000 was unimaginable at
the end of the Victorian era in 1901.

• The 20th century saw two world wars catalyze

enormous social change across the country,
including dramatic enhancements in health and
education. The motor car stormed through town
and country, transforming both, and Britain no
longer ruled a third of the planet.

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GILMARC BALAIS
ENGLAND’s
literature
• Old English Literature (c. 450 – 1066)

• Middle English Literature (1066 – 1485)

• Renaissance Literature ( 16th – 17th centuries)

• Restoration and 18th Century

• Romantic Period (late 18th – early 19th century)

• Victorian Literature (19th Century)

• 20th Century

• Contemporary Literature

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GODWAYNE PASCUAL
ENGLAND’s
literature
Old English Literature (c. 450 – 1066)

Old English literature, also known as Anglo-Saxon literature, refers

to poetry and prose written in Old English in early medieval
England, from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman
Conquest of 10664. This period saw the emergence of various
literary forms, including sermons, saints' lives, biblical translations,
chronicles, laws, wills, and poetry.

Old English literature played a significant role in preserving early

English history and culture. It encompassed a wide range of genres
and themes, reflecting the religious, legal, historical, and poetic
aspects of Anglo-Saxon society. The study of Old English literature
is essential for understanding the development of the English
language and literature over time.

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KYLE CHAN
ENGLAND’s
literature
Middle English Literature (1066 – 1485)
The Middle English period in England, lasting
approximately between 1066 and 1500, marked a
significant era in literature and language evolution.

During this time, the invention of the printing press in 1436

revolutionized the mass production of texts, leading to
standardized spelling, punctuation, and grammar across
the country.

Most surviving literature from this period includes

administrative documents, hymns, sermons, laws, and
manuscripts like Layamon's Brut.

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KYLE CHAN
ENGLAND’s
literature
Renaissance Literature ( 16th – 17th centuries)
The English Renaissance, which flourished in the 16th century,
marked a period of significant literary growth and cultural
transformation in England.

English Renaissance literature often explored themes of

humanism, individualism, love, politics, and the complexities
of the human experience.

The English Renaissance was a time of artistic innovation,

intellectual curiosity, and cultural renaissance that left a
lasting impact on English literature. It was a period marked by
creativity, exploration of new ideas, and a flourishing of
literary achievements that continue to be celebrated and
studied today.

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KYLE CHAN
ENGLAND’s
literature
Restoration and 18th Century
Literature during this time encompassed various genres such
as comedy, satire, poetry, drama, and prose. Restoration
comedy became a recognizable genre known for its wit and
social commentary

The literature of this period often reflected the political

climate, social changes, and cultural shifts following the
restoration of the monarchy under Charles II in 1660. It
explored themes of kingship, political conflict, religious
tensions, and societal norms

The Restoration was a great age of theatre with the reopening

of playhouses and the establishment of theatre companies
like the King's and Duke's Company.

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KYLE CHAN
ENGLAND’s
literature
Romantic Period (late 18th – early 19th century)
Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual
movement that emphasized emotions over
reason, individualism, and a deep connection to
nature. It flourished in Britain and Europe,
challenging the rationalism of the Enlightenment

Romantic literature often focused on themes of

freedom, individual thought, personal feelings,
and a rejection of industrialization and societal
norms.

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DAWN DE LARA
ENGLAND’s
literature
Victorian Literature (19th Century)
Victorian literature in England, produced during Queen Victoria's
reign (1837–1901), is a rich tapestry of poetry, fiction, essays, and
letters that reflects the social, political, and cultural landscape of
the time

The novel became the dominant literary form during this period

Victorian literature often delved into social issues, morality,

industrialization, and the changing role of women in society

The Victorian era saw a rise in literary journals that published

monthly installments of news articles, poetry, fiction, and
essays. This format allowed authors to share their work widely and
engage with a broad audience

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DAWN DE LARA
ENGLAND’s
literature
20th Century
The early 20th century saw the rise of modernism,
a literary movement that rejected traditional
conventions and emphasized individual
experience.

English literature in the 20th century explored a

wide range of themes such as social concerns,
personal relationships, moral ambiguities, modern
dilemmas, and the impact of political and
religious conflicts on society. Writers delved into
issues of imperialism, racism, class differences,
and psychological analysis

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DAWN DE LARA
ENGLAND’s
literature
Contemporary Literature
English literature in the 20th century remained
extraordinarily heterogeneous, encompassing works by
writers from various cultural backgrounds within the British
Isles and beyond. The literature reflected a blend of
influences from different regions, languages, and social
milieus, contributing to its richness and diversity

Contemporary English literature embodies a fusion of

traditional elements with modern influences, showcasing a
wide array of voices, styles, and themes that capture the
complexities of contemporary society.

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DAWN DE LARA
SUGGESTED READINGS FROM

ENGLAND
"Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen: A classic novel exploring
themes of love, class, and societal expectations in 19th-century
England.

"1984" by George Orwell: A dystopian novel offering a chilling

portrayal of a totalitarian society, reflecting on political and social
issues

"Wuthering Heights" by Emily Brontë: An intense novel set on the

Yorkshire moors, delving into themes of love, revenge, and social
class

"To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf: A modernist masterpiece

exploring human relationships and the passage of time with
intricate narrative techniques

"Never Let Me Go" by Kazuo Ishiguro: A thought-provoking novel

that delves into themes of identity, memory, and ethics in a
dystopian setting.

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CLAIRE LAURICIO
SUGGESTED READINGS FROM

ENGLAND
"The Remains of the Day" by Kazuo Ishiguro: A poignant
exploration of duty, regret, and the passage of time through the
eyes of an English butler

"Notes from a Small Island" by Bill Bryson: A humorous travelogue

that offers insights into Britain through the eyes of an American
author exploring the country

"Middlemarch" by George Eliot: A classic novel set in the Midlands

that provides a detailed study of provincial life in 19th-century
England

"The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer: A collection of stories

told by pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, offering a glimpse into
medieval English society and culture

"Beowulf," translated by Seamus Heaney: An epic poem from Old

English literature that explores themes of heroism, loyalty, and fate

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CLAIRE LAURICIO
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

William Shakespeare
A legendary playwright known
for works like "Romeo and Juliet,"
"Hamlet," and "Macbeth," which
continue to captivate audiences
Austen Dickens
worldwide 1775 - 1817 1812 - 1870

Shakespeare
1564-1616

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Jane Austin
She was an English novelist known primarily
for her six novels, which landed gentry at
the end of the 18th century.

Her deft use of social commentary, realism,

and biting irony have earned her acclaim Dickens Bronte
among critics and scholars. 1812 - 1870 1816 - 1855

Known for novels like "Pride and Prejudice," Dubai

Austen
"Sense and Sensibility," and "Emma," which About
1775 - 1817 country here

revolve around romance, comedy, and

societal issues

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Charles Dickens
An English novelist and social critic
He is known for being the greatest
novelist of the Victorian era.
Bronte Dodgson
He is famous for his novella, A 1816 - 1855 1832 - 1898

Christmas Carol.
Dickens
1812- 1870

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND
Charlotte Bronte
Charlotte Brontë was an English novelist best
known for Jane Eyre (1847), the story of an
independent young governess who overcomes
hardships while remaining true to her principles. It
blended moral realism with Gothic elements. Her
other novels included Shirley (1849) and Villette
(1853)

Brontë experimented with the poetic forms that

became the characteristic modes of the Victorian
period—the long narrative poem and the dramatic Dodgson Evans
1832 - 1898 1819 - 1880
monologue—but unlike Browning, Brontë gave up
writing poetry after the success of Jane Eyre.
Included in this novel are the two songs by which Bronte
most people know her poetry today. Brontë’s 1816 - 1855
decision to abandon poetry for novel writing
exemplifies the dramatic shift in literary tastes and
the marketability of literary genres—from poetry to
prose fiction.

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better

known by his pen name Lewis Carroll,
was an English author, poet,
mathematician and photographer.
His most notable works are Alice's Evans Fleming
Adventures in Wonderland and its
1819 - 1880 1908 - 1964

sequel Through the Looking-Glass. He

was noted for his facility with word Dodgson
1832 - 1898
play, logic, and fantasy

GODWAYNE PASCUAL
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND
Mary Ann Evans
Alternatively Mary Anne or Marian known
by her pen name George Eliot.

She was an English novelist, poet,

journalist, translator, and one of the
leading writers of the Victorian era.

She wrote seven novels.

Fleming Tolkien
Her works are known for their realism, 1775 - 1817 1892 - 1973

psychological insight, sense of place, and

detailed depiction of the countryside. Evans
1819 - 1880

Known for novels like "Middlemarch" and

"Silas Marner" that offer profound insights
into human nature

STEAVEN AGUSTIN
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Ian Fleming
Ian Fleming was a suspense-fiction
novelist whose character James Bond, the
stylish, high-living British secret service
agent 007, became one of the most
successful and widely imitated heroes of
Tolkien Donne
20th-century popular fiction. 1892 – 1973 1572 - 1631

His notable works are: “Casino Royale” and

“Chitty Chitty Bang Bang” Fleming
1908 - 1964

STEAVEN AGUSTIN
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

J.R.R Tolkien
A South African-born English novelist and
scholar. A professor of Anglo-Saxon and of
English language and literature at Oxford
(1925–59), Tolkien achieved fame for his
heroic epic The Lord of the Rings (1954–55),
consisting of The Fellowship of the
Donne Owen
Ring (film, 2001), The Two Towers (film, 1572 - 1631 1893 - 1918

2002), and The Return of the King (film,

2003). The Hobbit (1937) serves as an
Tolkien
introduction to the series, The 1892 - 1973
Silmarillion (1977) and The Children of
Húrin (2007) as “prequels.”

STEAVEN AGUSTIN
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND
John Donne
He was a leading English poet of
the Metaphysical school and dean of St.
Paul’s Cathedral, London (1621–31). Donne is
often considered the greatest love poet in
the English language. He is also noted for
his religious verse and treatises and for his
sermons, which rank among the best of the
17th century.
Owen Agatha
1893 - 1918 1890 - 1976
His notable works are:
“The Flea”
”The Good Morrow” Donne
1572 - 1631
”Holy Sonnet: Death, be not Proud”
” The Canonization”
“A Valedictorian: Forbidding Mourning”
“The Sun Rising”
“The Ecstasy”

STEAVEN AGUSTIN
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Wilfred Owen
Poet. Born in Oswestry, Owen enlisted
in 1915 and was commissioned into the
Manchester Regiment in 1916. He was
invalided home in 1917, but returned to
the Western Front and won an MC
Agatha Waugh
before his death in November 1918. His 1890 - 1976 1903 - 1966
powerful poems, such as 'Dulce et
Decorum Est', are the War's most
eloquent expression of disillusionment. Owen
1893 - 1918

STEAVEN AGUSTIN
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND
Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa
Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE
She was an English writer known for
her 66 detective novels and 14 short
story collections. She also wrote the
world's longest-running play, the
murder mystery The Mousetrap,
performed in the West End of London
since 1952.
Waugh Greene
She was a writer during the "Golden 1903 - 1966 1904 - 1991

Age of Detective Fiction“. Also, Christie

has been called the "Queen of Crime“ Agatha
1890 - 1976

She is moniker which is now

trademarked by her estate—or the
"Queen of Mystery" -- her novels
having sold more than two billion
copies.

AJ SANTOS
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Evelyn Waugh
He was an English writer known for
his acute satire and acerbic, dark
humor. Waugh is best known for his
novel, Brideshead Revisited, along
with several other successful works. Greene Lessing
1904 - 1991 1919 – 2013

Waugh
1903 - 1966

AJ SANTOS
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND
Graham Greene
Henry Graham Greene, was a
visionary English novelist, playwright, short story
writer, and critic. He also penned several
screenplays for Hollywood, and in turn, many of his
works, which are full of action and suspense, have
been made into films. Greene's stylistic work is
known for its explorations of moral issues dealt with
in a political setting. His novels gained him a
reputation as one of the most widely-read writers
of the twentieth century.

Graham Greene, known as a world-traveler, would Lessing Rowling

often seek out adventure to fuel his stories and 1919 - 2013 1965 - present
experience the political world of various nations up
close. Many of his writings are centered on the
religious beliefs of Roman Catholicism, although he Greene
detested being described as a "Catholic novelist" 1904 - 1991
rather than as a "novelist who happened to be
Catholic." His focus on religion did not deter
readers or jade Greene's writings, but on the
contrary, in novels such as Brighton Rock, The Heart
of the Matter, The End of the Affair, Monsignor
Quixote, and his famous work The Power and the
Glory, it only made them more poignant

AJ SANTOS
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND

Doris Lessing
(The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007)

Doris Lessing's body of work comprises around

50 books and spans several genres. Her writing
is characterized by penetrating studies of living
conditions in the 20th century, behavioral
patterns, and historical developments. Her most
experimental novel, The Golden Notebook, from
1962, is a study of a woman's psyche and life
Rowling
situation, the lot of writers, sexuality, political 1965 - present
ideas, and everyday life. Some of Lessing's books
reach into the future. Among other things, she
portrays our civilization's final hour from the LESSING
perspective of an extraterrestrial observer. 1919 - 2013

AJ SANTOS
 FAMOUS AUTHORS OF
ENGLAND
J.K. Rowling
J.K. Rowling, whose full name is Joanne
Kathleen Rowling, is a British author and
philanthropist best known for creating the
immensely popular Harry Potter series.
Born on July 31, 1965, in Yate, near Bristol,
England, Rowling's journey to literary fame
began with the publication of "Harry Potter
and the Philosopher’s Stone" (also known
as "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone")
in 1997. This marked the start of a seven-
volume fantasy series that captivated
readers of all ages worldwide

Apart from the Harry Potter series, J.K. ROWLING

1965 - PRESENT
Rowling has written various other works,
including "The Casual Vacancy," "The
Cuckoo’s Calling," "The Tales of Beedle the
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Bard," and "Fantastic Beasts & Where to
Find Them." Her literary contributions have
earned her numerous awards and honors,
such as the Costa Book Awards and an
OBE (Order of the British Empire).

AJ SANTOS
SUMMARY
The journey of English literature is
nothing short of a thrilling adventure. It's a tale of
constant transformation, with each era adapting
to the changing landscapes of culture, politics, and
society. From the epic tales of Beowulf to the
thought-provoking postcolonial narratives of
today, England's literary tradition has always been
a source of inspiration, creativity, and resilience.
The works of countless authors have left an
indelible mark on the world, transcending borders
and enriching the global literary canon.
As we look to the future, we can only
imagine the countless generations that will
continue to be inspired by the enduring legacy of
English literature.

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GODWAYNE PASCUAL