IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

4 SURDS
Chapter Out Line
 Introduction of surds

 Types of surds, Comparison of surds

 Addition and subtraction of surds

 Rationalising factor and conjugate surds and its applications

 Square root and cube root of surds

 Olympiad corner problem package

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SURDS
LECTURE SHEET -1

Learning Objectives
When you have completed this lecture you should be able to :
To get an idea about surd and types of surds.
To know that Comparison of surds.
To know about the Laws of a radicals.
Understand the uses of a radicals.
Understand the concept of Addition an Subtraction of Surds.

Definition of a Surd :
If n is a positive integer and a rational number a( > 0) is not nth power of any rational
number then n
a is called a surd of nth order.

By a surd n
a it is understand that

(1) a is a positive rational number

(2) n
a is an irrational number

Note :

1) A surd of second order is called a quadratic surd. ex : 5, 7

2) A surd of third order is called a cubic surd. ex : 3

2, 3
4

3) A surd of fourth order is called a biquadratic surd ex : 4

5, 4
7

Types of Surds
Surds are classified into different types based on various criteria. The brief classification is
shown below.

Types of Surds

Type-I Type-II Type-III Type-IV

(Based on order of (Based on no. of (Based on (Based on
a surd) terms in a surd) rational factor) irrational
factor)
1. Quadratic surd 1. Monomial surd 1. Pure Surd
2. Cubic surd 2. Compound surd 2. Mixed surd 1. Like surds
3. Bi-quadratic surd 3. Binomial surd 2. Unlike surds
4. nth ordered surd]

Surds based on order

i) Quadratic Surd:

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A surd of order 2 is called a Quadratic surd

Ex : 7 , 13 , 14...........
ii) Cubic surd
A surd of order 3 is called a Cubic surd

Ex : 3
4 , 3 7 , 3 11..........
iii) Bi-quadratic surd:
A surd of order 4 is called a Bi-quadratic surd

Ex : 4
6 , 4 15 , 4 35..........
iv) nth order surd:
If the order of the surd is n (where n > 1) then the surd is called nth order surd.

Ex : 3
15 is 3rd order surd.
5
30 is 5th order surd.
7
9 is 7th order surd.
Surds based on number of terms
i) Monomial Surd:
A surd which consists of a single term is called a simple or monomial surd.
3
Ex : 7 , 7 11 , n 100......... are monomial or simple surds.

ii) Compound Surd:

An expression consisting of the sum or difference of two or more simple surds or the sum or
the difference of a rational and a surd is called a compound surd.

Ex : 3  2 , 2  3 ,......... etc .

iii) Binomial Surd:

The compound surd consisting of only two terms are called binomial surds.

Ex : 7  5 , 4 2  2 11 ,......... etc .

Mixed surd :

If ‘a’ is a non-zero rational number and n

b is a monomial surd, then a  n b , a n b are called
mixed surds.

Ex : 2 3 , 4 9 ,3  2 ,7  3 5 etc.

Trinomial surd: A compound surd consisting of three terms is called a trinomial surd.

Ex : 6  3  5, 5  10  3 20 , 3  2  7 , etc.

Surds based on irrational factor

Like Surds:

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

Two or more surds having the same irrational factor are known as like or similar surds

2
Ex : 5,8 5, 5 are like surds.
3
Unlike Surds
Two or more surds having different irrational factor are known as unlike or dissimilar surds

Ex : 2 , 5 , 3 7 are unlike surds.

Note :
(i) The product of two similar quadratic surds is a rational number.

Ex : 6 2  4 2   6  4   
2  2  24  2  48  R

(ii) The quotient of two similar surds is a rational number.

3 3 7
Ex : 7 4  2 4  R
2

(iii) n
an  a

(iv) In general 2
x is written as x
Every surd is an irrational number, but every irrational number need not be a surd.
Ex: 0.5454454.....................is not a surd

EX: 2 is a surd and also irrational, but  is only irrational and not a surd.

Entire surd or pure surd: A surd, expressed in the form a n b , where a  1 , is called an
entire surd or a pure surd.

Simplest form of a surd: A surd, expressed in the form a n b , where ‘b’ is the least positive
rational number.

Ex: 1) The entire form of 2 10  10  4  40

2) The simplest form of 32  2  16  4 2

Comparision of surds :
Comparision of surds is possible only when they are of the same order. The radicals are then
to be compared.
1 1
4 4 4 4
Thus 2 and 8 can be 2 = 2 4 and 8 = 8 4 since 8 > 2 therefore 4
8 >4 2
In order to compare the surds of different order and different base we first reduce them to the
same order.
Laws of a Radicals:
n 4
1.  a
n
a Example:  34
3

2. n
a  n b  n ab Example: 4
3  4 2  4 32  4 6

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n 3
a a 10 10 3
3. n
 n
Example: 3
 3  5
b b 2 2

4. m n
a  mn a  n m
a Example: 4 3
6  12 6
pm
p m n
5. n m
a  
n m
a pm  a m  n a p Example : 6
729  23 729  2 3
93  9  3

Here‘m’ and ‘n’ are two natural numbers, then for any positive rational number ‘a’
Uses of laws of radicals: By using the laws of radicals we can
i) Convert a pure surd in to a mixed surd.
ii) Convert a mixed surd in to pure surd.
iii) Simplify the given surds
iv) Reduce two given surds to the same form or order
v) Compare the given two surds.
Addition and Subtraction of Surds
We have studied addition and subtraction of rational numbers. Now we shall perform these
operations on surds. We can add and subtract similar surds in the same way as we added
and subtracted like terms of an algebraic expression.

Ex : 5 3  7 3   5  7  3  12 13 and 8 5  3 5   8  3  5  5 5

Thus for adding or sutracting the surds, we change them to similar surds before performing
addition or subtraction.

50  72  5  5  2  6  6  2  5 2  6 2  11 2

Ex. 3
48  3 162 = 3
2  2  2  6  3 3  3  3  6 = 2 3 6  3 3 6  2  3 3 6 = 5 3 6

Ex. 98  18 = 7  7  2  3  3  2 = 7 2  3 2  7  3 2 = 4 2

Solved Examples

 Example 1: Express as a pure surd

1. 5 6  5 2  6  5  52   25  6  150

2. 2 3 4  3 2 22  3 4  3
2  2  2  4  3 32

 Example 2: Express as a mixed surd in its simplest form

1. 80  16  5  16  5  4 5
1 1
72  3 8  9  3 8  3 9   8  3  3 9   2 
3 3
2. 3  3 9  2.3 9

 Example 3: Which is greater ? 3

3 or 4
5

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1 1
Sol. 3
3  3  3 4
5  5  4

L.C.M of 3 and 4 is 12
1 1
1 4 4
3 3  3 3 4
3 12   34  12
  81 12
 12 81

1 3 3 1 1
 4 5  5  4 3 5 12   53  12
 125  12
 12 125  12 125  12 81

Hence 4
533
Example 4:Arrange in ascending order of magnitude and hence write them in descending
3
order of magnitude also 2, 4 3, 3 4
1 1 1
Sol. 3
2   2 3 ; 4
3   3 4 ; 3
4   4 3

L.C.M of 3 and 4 is 12
1 1 4 4 1 1
 3 2   2 3
2 3 4 2 12
  24  12
 16  12
 12 16

1 1 3 3 1 1
 4 3   3 4
3 4 3  3 12   33  12
  27  12
 12 27

1 1 4 4 1 1
 3 4   4 3
4 3 4 4 12
  44  12
  256  12
 12 256
3
 Ascending order : 2, 4 3, 3 4  Descending order : 3
4, 4 3, 3 2
Example 5: Simplify by combining similar surds.

a) 5 3  10 3

Let 3 be a.  5 3  10 3  5a  10 a  15a  15 3  3a 

b) 2 5  125  2 5  25  5  2 5  5 5  7 5

Example : Simplify 8 3  4 75  3 300

Sol: 8 3  4 3  25  3 3  100  8 3  4 3  52  3 3  102

 8 3   4  5  3   3  10  3  8 3  20 3  30 3

  8  20  30  3  18 3

Important points
Ø In n is a positive integer and a rational number a  a > 0  is not the nth power of any rational
number, then n
a is called a surd of nth order.
Ø A surd which consists of a single term is called a simple or monomial surd.

Ø If ‘a’ is a rational number and b is a surd then a + b,a  b are called mixed surds.
Ø A surd which is the sum or difference of two or more surds is called a compound surd.

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8
Ø A compound surd consisting of two surds is called a binomial surd.
n
Ø If a  n b  n ab
n
a and n
b are two radicals of same order ‘n’ then
n
a a
Ø If n
a and n
b are two radicals of same order ‘n’ then n
 n
b b

Ø If ‘m’ and ‘n’ are two natural numbers, then for any positive rational number ‘a’ we have

 n m a  mn a
Ø If m,n are two natural numbers and ‘a’ is any positive rational number then
pm
p m n
n m
a  
n m
a pm  a m  n a p

SURDS
PRACTICE SHEET -1

Subjective Type:

1. Simplify : 4
1875
2. Express each of the following as a pure surd.
3
(i) 3 3 5 (ii) 32
4
3. Simplify 122 18  6 20  6 147  3 50  8 45

4. Simplify 2 3 40  3 3 625  4 3 320

5. Simplify : 4
81 – 8 3 216  15 5 32  225

6. Find the value of x 2  4x  4 when x  2  3

7. Find the value of 2x 2  3xy when x  2  3 and y  2  2 .

8. Expess  32 7  3 
3  7 in the form a  b c .

9. Write the ascendingorder of 6, 3 9, 3 7 , 8

10. Write the ascending order of 16  11 , 18  13 , 17  12

Single Response Type:

LEVEL - I
1. Express a mixed surd in the simplest form for 3
81
A) 3 3 3 B) 3 3 C) 3
32 D) 2
3
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2. Express 3 3 2 as a pure surd.

A) 3 49 B) 3 47 C) 3
51 D) 3
54

3. Express 6
320 as a mixed surd in the simplest form.

A) 5 6 2 B) 5 6 5 C) 2 6 5 D) 2 6 2

4. Write the index of 4

12345
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
5. Express a mixed surd in the simplest form for 5
128
A) 2 5 4 B) 3 5 4 C) 2 4 4 D) 3 4 4
LEVEL - II

6. Express 4
567 as a mixed surd in the simplest form.

A) 4 4 7 B) 3 4 7 C) 3 4 3 D) 3 4 5

7. If a is an irrational number, then 3

a is number.
(A) An irrational (B) a rational (C) Can’t say (D) None of these
8. If two surds are like surds, then their quotient will be
(A) a like surd (B) a rational number (C) sometimes a surd (D) None of these
9. Which of the following is not a surd?

(A) 35 (B) 36 (C) 37 (D) 38

10. 3 123, 5 123, 7 123 are

(A) Similar surds (B) Dissimilar surds (C) Pure surds (D) Simple surds
11. Simplify 3
135 =
1 /2
(A) 3 5 (B) 5 3 (C) 3 3 5 (D) 3  5
LEVEL - III

12. Smallest of 6, 2,
3
3, 4
5 is

A) 6 B) 2 C) 3
3 D) 4
5

13. Greatest among 4

3, 8
10 , 12
25 is.

A) 4
3 B) 8 10 C) 12
25 D) all are equal

14. Which one of the following surd is greatest.

A) 6
2 B) 3
2 C) 4
2 D) 2

15. The Pure surd of 3x 2y is

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A) 6x 2 y B) 18x 2 y C) 18xy D) 18xy2

LEVEL - IV

16. Greatest among 22  21 , 23  20 , 24  19 is............

A) 22  21 B) 23  20 C) 24  19 D) all are equal

3
17. If 3
a  3 b  3 c = 0 then (a + b + c) =

A) abc B) 3abc C) 27abc D) 9abc

18. If 8 x = x  4 find x ...........

A) 2 1 B) 3  2 2 C) 2 1 D) 3  2 2
19. Arrange the following in descending order

A) 23  20 B) 25  18 C) 24  19
A) A,B,C B) B,A,C C) B,C,A D) A,C,B

20. x = 11  10 , y = 12  11 then

A) x > y B) x = y C) x < y D) none

LEVEL - V

21. Arrange the following in descending order

A) 8 7 B) 3 2 C) 6 5
A) A,C,B B) A,B,C C) C,B,A D) B,C,A

22. a= 3
9,b= 4
11 , c = 6
17 then ..............

A) a > b > c B) a > c > b C) a < b < c D) a < c < b

23. Arrange the following value in ascending order

(A) 6
13 (B) 4
12 (C) 12
14 (D) 3
11
A) C,A,D,B B) D,B,C,A C) C,A,B,D D) D,B,A,C
24. Which of the following is not ture?

4 3 53
A)  
4
7 7 B) 5 
2 52
C) 4 3
5  12 5 D) 6
729  1

2
25. If A = 4 2 + 2 3 and B = 4 2 - 2 3 , then the value of  A - B  =

A) 48 B) 50 C) 54 D) 60

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Assertion and Reasoning Type:

1. Assertion : 5  7  3 4 is a compound surd.

Reason : The sum of or difference of a rational number and one or more surds is called a
compound surd.
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If asertion is false but reason is true.

2. Assertion : 3 3  5 3  27  5 3

Reason : c a c b  c  a b 
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Linked Comprehensive Type:

I. If ‘a’ is a non zero rational number and n

b is a monomial surd, then a  n b , a n b are
called mixed surds.
Express each of the following as a mixed surd in the simplest form

3. 50 =
2
(A) 5 2 (B) 5 10 (C) 5  2 (D) 52 2

4. 5 6 1458 =

(A) 5 6 2 (B) 3 6 2 (C) 15 6 2 (D) 15 6

5. 5 4 405 =
3
(A) 15 4 5 (B) 15 5 (C) 5 5 (D) 15  5
II. Solve the following questions using laws of radicals

6. Which is greatest 3
4 or 4
5 or 4
3 or 3
2

(A) 3
4 (B) 4
5 (C) 4
3 (D) 3
2

7. Simplify 3
135
1
(A) 3 3 5 (B) 5 3 5 (C) 3  5  2
(D) 15 3 5

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8
8. 6 729

(A) 3
9 (B) 4
9 (C) 9 (D) 27
Multi Correct Choice Type:
9. Which of the following is true?

A) 2 5 , 3 5 , 5 5 are similar surd

B) Every surd is an irrational

C) a  x b is mixed surd

D) The product of two similar quadratic surds is a Rational number

10. The order of the surd 6

729 after simplified is
A) It is a rational number B) 2
C) 3 D) it is not a surd
Match the following/ Matrix Matching:
11. Column I Column II

80
a) 4 p) 8
5

b) 6
36 3 q) 12

c) 3
8  43 r) 14

d) 5
1024 s) 2

t) 6
u) 4
12. Column I Column II

a) 8  32 p) 11 3

b) 5 3  2 27 q) 10 12

c) 7 48  4 12 r) 6 2

d) 15 6  216 s) 7 3

t) 9 6

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SURDS
LECTURE - 2

Learning Objectives
When you have completed this lecture you should be able to :
Understand the rationalsing factor.
Understand the conjugate surds.
Understand the square root of surds.
Understand the cube root of surds.

Rationalising Factor (R.F) : If the product of two surds is a rational number, then each of
them is called a rationalising factor (R.F) of the other. The rationalising factor of n
a is given
1
by a 1 n

Ex : 3 , 3 3 are R.F.’s of 6 3

Because, 3  6 3  6  ( 3  3)  6  3  18  R

3 3  6 3  (3  6)  ( 3  3 )  18  3  54  R

2  3 is a rationalising factor of 2 3.

11  7 is a rationalising factor of 11  7

* As, 3 2  3 4  3 2  4( n a  n b  n a  b )  3 8

 2, a rational number.
3
2 is a R.F. of 3
4 and 3
4 is a R.F. of 3
2
Note: The R.F. of a given surd is not unique. A surd has infinite number of R.F.’s.

Ex : 2 3 , 3 3 , 4 3.............are R.F of 5 3

If one R.F. of a surd is known then the product of this factor by a non-zero rational number
is also a R.F. of the given surd.

Ex : If R.F. of 50 is 2 ( 50  5 2 ) then


2 2 ,3 2 , 2 , etc. are also R.F.’s of 50 .
3

Here, 2 is called the simplest R.F. of 50 .

Rationalisation of a Monomial surd:

The simplest rationlising factor of n

am is n
a n m

Ex. 5
53 and 5
5 2 are rationalising factors of each other.
Rationalisation of Binomial Surd:
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Rationalising factor a  b is a b

Rationalising factor of a  b is a b
2 1 1 
Rationalising factor of 3
a  3 b is a 3  a 3 .b 3  b 3 .

2 1 1 2
Rationalising factor of 3
a– 3
b is a 3  a 3 .b 3  b 3

 Example : Find R.F. of 3

532

Sol: R.F. of 3
5  3 2  3 52  3 5  2  3 2 2  3
25  3 10  3 4

2)R.F. of 3
a  3 b  3 a 2  3 ab  3 b2

 Example : Find R.F. of 3

234

Sol: R.F. of 3
2  3 4  3 2 2  3 2  4  3 4 2  3 4  3 8  3 16

3) R.F.of n
a  n b  n a n  1  n an  2 .b  n a n  3 .b 2  ........ n b n  1 n  N

 Example :Find R.F. of 4

243

Sol: R.F. of 4
2  4 3  4 2 3  4 2 2  3  4 2  32  4 33  4 8  4 12  4 18  4 21

4) R.F. of n
a  n b  n a n  1  n an  2 .b  n a n  3 .b 2  ........  n b n  1 where, n is odd number.

 Example : Find R.F. of 5

253

Sol: R.F. of 5
2  5 3  5 2 4  5 2 3  3  5 2 2  32  5 2  33  5 34  5 16  5 24  5 36  5 54  5 81

5) R.F. of n
a  n b  n a n  1  n a n  2 .b  n a n  3 .b 2  ........  ( 1)n  1 n b n  1 where , n is even number.

 Example : Find R.F. of 4

243

Sol: R.F. of 4
2  4 3  4 2 3  4 2 2  3  4 2  32  4 33  4 8  4 12  4 18  4 27
Rationalisation of Trinomial Surd:
To find the rationalising factor of a trinomial surd, we group two of its terms together.

Thus, rationalising factor of ( a  b )  c  is ( a  b )  c 

REMARKS :
(1) The R.F of a given surd is not unique.
(2) If one R.F of a surd is known then the product of this factor by a non zero rational number
is also a R.F of the given surd.
(3) It is convenient to use the simplest of all R.F s of a given surd.

1. R.F of a  b is a b

2. R.F of 3
a + 3 b is 3
a2 –
3
ab + 3
b2

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

3. R.F of 3
a – 3 b is 3
a2 +
3
ab + 3
b2

4. R.F of 4
a + 4
b is  a  b  a  b 
4 4

5. R.F of 4
a – 4
b is  a  b  a  b 
4 4

6. R.F of 6 a  6 b is  a  b 
6 6 3
a 2  3 ab  b 2 
3


Conjugate Surds :
If the sum and the product of two binomial surds is a rational number, then they are called
conjugate surds.

Surd Conjugate Surd

a b a b
a b a b
a  b a  b
a  b a  b

ex : 3  5, 3  5 are conjugate surds.

Square Roots :

Example: (A) Find the square root of x  2 y

Solution: Let x2 y  a  b

Squaring on both sides x  2 y  a  b  2 ab

Equating the rational and irrational parts on both sides, we get

a  b  x ------(A) and 2 ab  2 y  a b  y
2 2
  a  b    a  b   4ab  a  b  p --------(B)
Solving (A) and (B), we get x, y ,
Note :

 
 a  a2  b a  a2  b 
  ;
a b =  2 2  a  b  c  2 ab  2 bc  2 ca = a b c
 

bd bc cd
a b  c  d = x  y  z where x =
4c
,y=
4d
,z=
4b

Example: (A) Find the square root of 11  4 7

Solution: Let 11  4 7  x  y

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

Squaring on both sides 11  4 7  x  y  2 xy

Equating the rational and irrational parts on both sides, we get

x  y  11 ------(A) and 2 xy  4 7  4 xy  112

2 2 2
  x  y    x  y   4 xy  11  112  9  x  y  3 --------(B)

Solving (A) and (B), we get x  7, y  4 ,  11  4 7   7  4  72

Cube Roots :

3 bc
a b c   c  x y where x3  3 xy  a
3

Note : 1) The above formula can be applied only if x3  3 xy  a

2) 3
( x  3 y ) x  (3x  y ) y = x y

Important points
Ø If n
a , n b are two surds of the same order then, their multiplication can be defined as
n
a n a
n
a , n b  n a  b and their division can be defined as n

b b

Ø If the product of two surds is a rational number, then each of them is called a rationalising
factor (R.F) of the other.
1
Ø The rationalising factor of n
a is given by a 1 n

Ø If n
a is the simplest form of a surd then its R.F. is n
a n 1 .

Ø If m
a n is a surd then its R.F.  m am  n

Ø The binomial surds of the form a  b ,a  b are called conjugate surds.

Ø Every conjugate surd is a rationalising factor but converse need not be true.

Ø If a , b are dissimilar surds, then there exists no surd of the form c such that a  b  c

Ø If a, b, c, d are all rational numbers and b, d are not perfect squares a + b =c+ d then a =
c, and b = d.

1 3 3
a 2  3 ab  b 2
Ø 3 =
a 3b a b

3 3
1 a 2  3 ab  b 2
Ø 3 =
a 3b ab

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8
2 2
Ø 
If a  b  x k

+ a b  x k
= 2a and a2 – b = 1 then x 2

2
 k
  1

x 2 k x2  k
Ø 
If a  b  
+ a b x 2 k
 2
= 2(a + b) then
2
 1 .

1 4a  1
Ø a  a  a  ........ = .
2
(a > 0)

4a  1  1
Ø a  a  a........ = (a > 0).
2

Ø a a a......... = a.

2n 1
Ø a a a.........n times = a 2n .
Ø The mean proportional of a,b is ab .

Ø If a, b, a 2  b are positive rational numbers and b is a surd, then

a  a2  b a  a2  b
a b  x y , where x  ,y .
2 2

SURDS
PRACTICE SHEET -2

Subjective Type:

1
1. Rationalise the denominator of 1

1
2 23 3

2. Find the smallest and greatest among 7  5 and 8 6

3. The sides containing the right angle of a traingle are 7  2 and 7 2.
Find (a) area (b) hypotenuse of the triangle.

3
4. Express with rational denominator.
3 2 5

1
5. If x  7  4 3 , find the value of x .
x

6. Find the square root of 7 + 48

7. If 19  4 x  12  7 then x = ____________

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

8. If x = 3 + 31/3 + 32/3 then the value of x3 – 9x2 + 18x – 12

1 1  x2  1
9. If x  3  then the value of
2  
3 x  x2  1

2 3 2
10. If x  , then the value of x 2  x  4 
2 3

Single Response Type:

LEVEL - I
1. Find the simplest rationalising factor of following

A) 3
9 B) 4
3 C) 5
6 D) 6
7

2. Find the conjugate of 25  2 19

A) 25  2 19 B) 25  2 19 C) 25  2 19 D) 25  2 19

3. Find the positive square root of 11  2 18 .


A) 3  2  
B) 3  2  
C) 3  2  
D) 3  2 
4. Find the positive square root of 5 2  4 3 .

1 1 3 3
A) 2 4  3 2  B) 2 2  3 2  C) 2 4  3 2  D) 2 2  3 2 
5. Find the mean proportonal between 11  3 and 13 11  19 5 .

A) 33  15 B)  33  15 C)  33  15 D) 33  15
LEVEL - II

6. Given that 23  x 10  18  5 , find ‘x’.

A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8

7 5
7. Rationalise the denominator
5 3

35  21  15  5 35  21  15  5 35  21  15  5 35  21  15  5
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2 2
1
8. If x  3  2 2 , then find the value of x 
x
A) 2 2 B) 3 2 C) 2 D) 4 2

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

9. Find the square root of 35  12 6  4 15  6 10

A) 3 2  2 5  5 B) 3 2  2 3  5 C) 3 2  2 5  3 D) 3 3  2 2  5

10. Find the positive square root of x  x 2  y2 .

1 1
A)  x y  x y B)   x  y  x  y
2  2 

1 1
C)  x y  x  y D)  x  y  x  y 
2  2 

Level - III

3
11. Find the positive square root of  x  1  2x 2  7x  4
2

1 1
A)  2x  1  x  4  B)  2x  1  x  4 
2  2 

1 1
C)  2x  1  x  4  D)  2x  1  x  4 
2  2 

12. 3
16  8 5 = ..............

A) 1 + 5 B) 2 + 5 C) 3 + 5 D) 4 + 5

2 1 1
13. x= then x3 +
2 1 x3

A) 112 B) 192 C) 198 D) 216

14. 2  2  2  ......... = ..................

1
A) –1 B) 2 C) 2 D)
2

15. Positive square root of 50  48 is .......

1 1 1 1
A) 2 4 3  2   
B) 2 2 3  2  
C) 2 4 3  2  
D) 2 2 3  2 
LEVEL - IV
3
16. If 3
4 + 3
2 = x then x – 6x = ..............
A) 2 B) 6 C) 20 D) 3

17. The mean proportional between (2 – 3 ) and (26 – 15 3 ) is ...............

A) 7 – 4 3 B) 7 + 4 3 C) 13 – 8 3 D) none

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

18. 4
17  12 2 = ................

1
A) 2 1 B) 2 4  2  1 C) 2 2  1 D) none

19. 3
54  30 3 + 3
170  117 3 =

A) 6  3 3 B) 2 3 C) 5  2 3 D) 3

20. The positive square root of 11 7  28 is

1 1 1 1
A) 7 2 7  2  B) 7 4 7  2   
C) 7 4 7  2  
D) 7 2 7  2 
LEVEL -V

2 2 2
21. + + =
10  84 12  140 8  60

A) 0 B) 7 5 C) 7 5 D) none

3 3
22. 4  15 
2 
+ 4  15 
2 = k 10 then k =

A) 13 B) 7 C) 6 D) 9

23. 3
20  14 2 + 3
20  14 2 = ..................

A) 4 B) 2 C) 16 D) –4

2
24. = ...............
3 5  3 5

A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D) 2 5

25. If x > 3 (2 x  1)  2 x 2  x  6 =

A) x 3  x 2 B)
1
2
 x3  x2  C)
1
2
 x2  x3  D) x  2  x 1

Assertion and Reasoning Type:

1. Statement I : Rationalising factor of a given surd is unique.
Statement II : A given surd may have infinite number of rationalising factors.
which of the above is correct.
(1) only I (2) only II (3) both I & II (4) neither I nor II

2. Assertion : 3  14 does not exist.

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

Reason: a  b exists if a 2  b  0
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Linked Comprehensive Type:

I. The conjugate surd of a  b is a  b

3. Conjugate of 2  3 is

A) 32 B) 2  3 C) 2 3 D) 2 3

4. Conjugate of 5  3

A) 5  3 B) 5 3 C) 5 3 D) 5 3

5. Conjugate of 4  3 5 is

A) 4  3 5 B) 3 5  4 C) 2 2  5 D) 2 2  5

II. If a,b, a 2  b are positive rational numbers and b is a surd then a b  x  y ,

a  a2  b a  a2  b
where x  ,y
2 2

6. 52 6 =

A) 3  2 B) 3 2 C) 3 2 D) 34

7. 13  120 =

A) 10  3 B) 10  3 C) 10  3 D) 10  3

8. 3 8 =

A) 2 1 B) 2 1 C) 1  2 D) none

9. Match the following Type:

List - I List - II

A) 3
20  14 2  3 20  14 2 = 1) 14

B) (26  15 3) 2 / 3  (26  15 3) 2 / 3 = 2) 3

C) (3  5)3/ 2  (3  5)3/ 2 = 3) 1

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

D) 6 6 6  = 4) 4. 10

5) 4
A B C D A B C D
1) 5 1 4 3 2) 5 1 4 2
3) 2 1 4 5 4) 2 1 5 4
10. Column I Column II

a) 94 5  1) 6  5

b) 41  12 5  2) 7  5

c) Square root of 105  10 20 is 3) 3  5

d) 54  2 245  4) 5 2

5) 10  5

Olympiad Corner
x2 3 x 2 3
1. 5  2 6  
+ 52 6  = 10 then x =

A) 2 , 2 B) 2 , 3 C) 3 , 2 D) 3 , 3

2. 3
54 3  41 5 = ....................

A) 2 3  5 B)
1
 5  3 C)
1
2
 5  3 D) none
2

74 3
3. If x = then x2(x – 14)2 =
74 3

A) 0 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4

5 3 1
4. x= = y then x3 + y3 =
5 3

A) 588 B) 488 C) 388 D) 478

5. x= 3
49  3 42  3 36 then the value of y such that xy = 1 ..................

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
A) 7 3  6 3 B) 7 3  6 3 C) 7 3  6 3 D) 7 3  6 3

6. 3
11 5  17 2 = .....................

A) 5 2 B) 3 2 C) 3 1 D) 5 3

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

62 3
7. = .....................
33  19 3

A) 3 5 B) 3 3  5 C) 3 3  5 D) 3  5

8. If x1 < x2 and x1, x2 are roots of the equation x2 – 29x + 120 = 0 then x1  x2 = .......

A) 3 2 B) 5  24 C) 5  24 D) 5 3

a1  an a1  a n a1  an
9. a1, a2 ........ an are in AP then  + ........ + = ............
a1  a 2 a 2  a3 an 1  an

A) n B) n + 1 C) n – 1 D) none

10. 2 5 6
17 5  38 = .....................

A) 4 B) 2 C) 1 D) 5

x
11. If x = 3  5 then
2  3x  2

1
A) 0 B) 1 C) 5 D)
5

1 1  x2  1
12. 
x = 2 a  
 then =
 a x - x2 - 1

a 1 a1 a
A) a B) C) D)
2 2 2

13. 3
54  30 3 + 3
170  117 3 =

A) 6  3 3 B) 2 3 C) 5  2 3 D) 3

l 10  14  15  21
14. If = then
10  14  15  21 k

l k
A) k = B) l = C) lk = 2 D) l + k = 1
2 2

 
 6 13  2 12  3 1  3 
15.  8 4  1 2 3 =
3
 

13
A) 1 B) 3 11 C) 11 D) 3
2

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8
1 1
 a a 2 b 3 
3  a a 2 b3 
3
  
16. x=  +    then x3 + bx + a =
 2 4 27  2 4 27 
   

A) 2b B) 2a C) 0 D) b

4
17. = a  b  c then a+b+c=
2 3  7

11 13 14
A) B) C) 4 D)
3 3 3

1 1
18. If x  7  4 3 , y  7  4 3 then 2  2 
x y
A) 194 B) 186 C) 192 D) 189

19. 12  68  48 2 

A) 2 3 B) 2  2 C) 2  2 D) 6  2 8

20. 2  5  6  3 5  14  6 5 

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Assertion and Reasoning Type:
21. Statement I : all surds are irrational numbers.
Statement II : all irrational numbers are surds.
which of the above is correct.
A) only I B) only II C) both I & II D) neither I nor II

22. Statement I : x 2  x  1 is irrational if x is any integer.

Statement II : A rationalising factor of 2  3 3 is 2 3 3 .

which of the above is correct.
A) only I B) only II C) both I & II D) neither I nor II
Comprehension Type:

n
a na
I. If n
a , b are two surds of same order,then
n n
a  b  a  b and
n n
n
 where b  0
b b

3
26 6
23. 6
=
3 6 8

A) 2 B) 1 C) 4 D) 8

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

6
12
24. =
33 2

1 1 1 1
A) B) C) 3 D) 3
2 3 3 2

25. 14  21 =

A) 294 B) 296 C) 394 D) 494

II. Comparison of surds possible only when they are of the same order, when they are of same
order then the radicands to be compared, grater rdicand is greater in order.
In order to compare the surds of different order and different base we first reduce them to the
same order then to be compared.

26. Which is greater among 3

2 , 4 3 , 3 4 , 13 2 ?

A) 3
4 B) 4
3 C) 3
2 D) 13
2

27. Ascending order of the surds 4

10 , 3 6 , 3 is

A) 3
6 , 4 10 , 3 B) 4
10 , 3 6 , 3 C) 4
10 , 3 , 3 6 D) 3 , 3 6 , 4 10

28. Descending order of the surds 3

2 , 9 4 , 6 3 is

A) 9
4 , 6 3, 3 2 B) 3
3, 9 4, 3 2 C) 6
3, 3 2 , 9 4 D) 3
2 , 6 3, 9 4
Match the following Type:

29. If x  2  3 then, observe the following lists.

List – I List – II

1
A) x  1) 14
x

2 1
B) x  2) 194
x2

3 1
C) x  3) 4
x3

4 1
D) x  4) 18
x4
5) 52
(1) A–1, B–3, C–5, D–2 (2) A–3, B–4, C–5, D–2
(3) A–3, B–1, C–5, D–2 (4) A–3, B–1, C–2, D–5

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IIT FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS CLASS - 8

30. Column I Column II

a) 4
2  8 4  16 16 1) 3
3 1

b) n
an b 2) 3 4 2

c) R.F of 3
9  3 3 1 3) n
ab

1 1 1
d)   4) 0
2 1 3 2 2 3
5) 1

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