Civics (Chapter-1) : Monday, March 11, 2024 9:18 PM
Civics (Chapter-1) : Monday, March 11, 2024 9:18 PM
Civics (Chapter-1) : Monday, March 11, 2024 9:18 PM
3) "Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies but they follow different system of power sharing".
Support the statement by giving three points of difference.
Ans)
i. In Belgium, communities have equal share in the government while in Sri Lanka leaders of the
Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority.
ii. In Belgium there is a provision of special government called 'community government' to look after
cultural, educational and language related issues while in Sri Lanka, none of the major political parties
led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to language and culture of Tamils.
iii. In Belgium, there is no discrimination between various religions while in Sri Lanka, Buddhism is the
official religion of the country.
4) Explain any three consequences of the majoritarian polices adopted by the Sri Lankan government.
Ans)
i. The Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders
were sensitive to their language and culture and the government policies denied them equal political
rights which led to increased feeling of alienation among them.
ii. The Sri Lankan Tamils felt that the constitution denied them equal rights in politics, in getting jobs
and ignored their interests. The relation between the Tamil and Sinhala communities became
extremely strained as a result.
iii. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil, for regional
autonomy and equality of opportunity in every field.
iv. Therefore, the measures adopted by the government to establish Sinhala supremacy led to distrust
between the two communities which turned the widespread conflict into a Civil War.
1) What provided a shared bond that tied many different social groups together?
Ans) The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond that tied many different
social groups together.
6) Name any two main satyagraha movements organised by the Mahatma Gandhi in favour of
peasants.
Ans)
A. Champaran: Gandhiji launched this satyagraha to inspire the peasants to struggle against the
oppressive plantation system.
B. Kheda: He launched the Kheda satyagraha to support the peasants who were not in position to
pay the revenue due to crop failure.
9) How did the indians show their disapproval towards the rowlatt act?
Ans)
Mahatma Gandhi reacted sharply and decided to launch a non-violent civil disobiedience against
such unjust law.
Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on a strike in railways, workshops and shops
closed down.
Peaceful protest meeting were organised at Jalliawallah Bagh, Amritsar
10) Who launched the Khalifat movement and why was this movement launched?
Ans) Khilafat movement was a united struggle launched by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali with the
cooperation of Mahatma Gandhi.
The first world war ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. There were rumors that a harsh peace
treaty was going to imposed on the Ottoman Empire, the spiritual head of the Islam world. The Sultan
was deprieved of real authority even over those territories which were left under his control. This
angered the Muslims in India. To defend the powers of Khalifa and to avert harsh peace treaty to be
imposed on the Ottoman Empire, the Khilafat committee was formed in 1919 in Bombay.
12) Why
1) Similarly for development people look at the mix of goals. Explain with examples.
Ans)
a) If you get a job in a far of place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart
from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, and opportunity to learn. In
another case, job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your
sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no
time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom.
b. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society
increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women, there would be more
sharing of household responsibilities and greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe
and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
c) Hence, the development goals that people have a not only about better income but also about
other important things in life.
• It is very important to keep in mind at different persons could have different as well as conflicting
notions of a country's development.
3) For comparing countries their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes .
Explain.
Ans)
a) Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on
the understanding that more income means more of the things that human beings need.
b) Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income.
c) So greater income itself is considered to be one of the most important goal.
6) What are the different categories does world development reports brought out by the World
bank has divided countries?
Ans)
a) Countries with per capita income of US dollar 49300 per annum and above in 2019 are called high
income countries or rich.
b) Countries with per capita income of US dollar 2500 or less are called low income countries.
• India comes in the category of lower middle income countries because its per capita income in
2019 was just US dollar 6700 per annum.
10) Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
Explain with example.
Ans)
a) So income by itself is not a complete adequate indicator of material goods and services that
citizens are able to use.
b) For example, normally, your money cannot buy you are pollution free environment and ensure
that you get unadulterated medicine unless you can afford to shift to a community that already
has all these things.
c) Money man also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases unless the whole of your
community take preventive steps.
d) Actually for many of the important things in life the best way also the cheapest way is to provide
this goods and services collectively.
12) Which state of India has the lowest in in infant mortality rate and why?
Ans) Kerela has the lowest infant mortality rate in India because it has a liquid provision of basic health
and education facilities.
a) Due to large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water and unequal
access to it.
b) To facilitate higher food gain production for a large population water resources are being over
exploited to irrigated areas and dry season agriculture.
c) In the housing societies or colonies in the cities there is an arrangement of own ground water
pumping devices to meet water needs.
16) Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? Discuss.
Ans) Yes, crude oil is essential for a development process in a country because of the following
reasons:-
a) Most of the industries and factory depend on crude oil
b) 97% of energy required for transportation is provided by crude oil.
c) They are many products such as diesel, jet fuel, LPG, Kerosene etc that we get from crude oil and
it is essential for development.
d) Crude oil is also essential for the production of plastic, paints, petrochemical, and synthetic
fabrics.
e) The economics of several Nations also depend on the export of crude oils.
f) USA state depends on crude oil and gas for the generation of 20% of its electricity.
17) India has to import crude oil. What problems do you anticipate for the country looking at the
above situation?
Ans) Rising imports of crude oil and petroleum products have led to several problem in the balance of
payments. on the other hand, the cost and prices of a white range of goods have increased due to
global inflation of oil. In spite of stringent monetary and fiscal controls, the wholesale price index in
India has been continuously Rising. With such high Reliance on imported energy products, is significant
proportion of the export earnings, which otherwise could be channelled into productive domestic
investments, is used to meet expenditure on the imported production. Therefore, India's independence
on foreign countries for crude and petroleum products will have a negative impact.
18) Sustainability of development is a new area of knowledge. Do you agree? Just for your answer
Ans)
a) No, we don't angry with this statement because a sustainable development is not a new area of
knowledge this has been the main concern of leaders and thinkers in the past. Gandhiji was very
up in voice in his concern about resource conservation.
b) Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientist,
economist, philosophers and other social scientist of working together.
c) In general, the question of development of progress is perennial.
d) At all times, as a member of society and as an individual's we need to ask where we want to go,
what we wish to become and what are goals are. To the debate on development continues.
1) What create a shared bond that tied many different groups together?
Ans) The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond get time many
different groups together.
15) What did Gandhiji declared in his famous book, "Hind Swaraj"?
Ans) In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British
rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only
because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India
would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come.
18) What were the reasons behind the gradual slowdown of Non-Cooperation
Movement?
Ans)
Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor
people could not afford to buy it.
Similarly the boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to
be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could
be used in place of the British ones.
These were slow to come up. So students and teachers began trickling back to
government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.
23) Why did Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off Non-cooperation Movement?
Ans) In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation
Movement. He felt the movement was turning violent in many places and satyagrahis
needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles.
24) What were the two factors for the situation of internal debate and dissention?
Ans)
The first was the effect of the worldwide economic depression. Agricultural prices
began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930.
As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it
difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue. By 1930, the countryside was
in turmoil.
28) Why did Mahatma Gandhi called off Civil Disobedience Movement?
Ans)
the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders one by one. This
led to violent clashes in many places.
When Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was arrested in
April 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar, facing
armored cars and police firing. Many were killed.
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armored cars and police firing. Many were killed.
Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked
police posts, municipal buildings, lawcourts and railway stations – all structures
that symbolised British rule.
Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten, and about
100,000 people were arrested.
In such a situation, Mahatma Gandhi once again decided to call off the movement
and entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.