Water Conservation Control by using IoT Smart

Meter
Nikita panchal Nikita Avchar

Department of Computer Engineering,

Jayawantrao Sawant Polytechnic,
[email protected]

Abstract- As modernization brings employment as well their last two years summer as their groundwater had been
as the population in Cities. Due to an increase in drained out. So for future generation's sake, the water needs to
population, many cities in the world are facing water crises as be conserved and to be used efficiently and properly [7-9].
their groundwater levels are decreased. To overcome this Due to human activities, many natural resources are
problem, a smart solution is proposed with the water meter uncertain as urbanization, and there is an increase in the
population of the city. A huge demand for the water, so that
using IoT. Here, a meter is designed which calculates the
the authorities must consider water transmission ways, cost
number of liters consumed by the family or a person and
management, storage, water treatment, and billing for water
consider some threshold value if their consumption exceeds
consumption. The authorities must take necessary steps to
the value will control or stop the supply for that day. This make the people conserve water [10-12]. By displaying a price
data can be obtained by the consumer from the Android app chart or the available plan details, the threshold value can be
or the cloud server. obtained from a family or a person [13-15]. If the family or a
person had reached the threshold value they can choose two
Keywords: ways either the speed of the water flow will be reduced or they
can reduce the water consumption so that the remaining billing
Flow Sensor; is as per their plan. The primary aim for the company
providing water was to consider and prepare a plan for
ESP8266; Cloud;
managing water distribution. They need search for a solution
Water Meter, which should be of less cost for a customer. The main revenue
for the water utilities was the billing from the consumption.
Internet of Things (IoT). Operators attempt to rebuild the majority of their costs for a
Introduction new installation, operation, general upkeep, and so on through
use and billing metres in the capital. For the past decade, IT
and communication infrastructure have been used to maintain
The world is heading and encouraging new customer relationships and billing management (CRBM). This
technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new CRMB will not receive continuous consumption data from a
technologies in the world [1-3]. IoT made human life much larger number of water users [17-18].
easier in different ways, the term IoT refers to any physical
device that connecting and exchanges data with other devices
over the internet and making the device “Smart”. This IoT can
implementation This article explains of the
be implemented from household objects to industrial purposes, smart water meter using IoT. Here, this project is useful for the
which had reduced the interference of humans with their work small cities for the production countries with limited
and made them smartly do their work [4-6]. This IoT had a infrastructure and a limited amount for investment and a good
wide range of applications as well as sound usage in cities (i. e expansion to the urban habits. The prototype simply relies on
made cities as Smart Cities) for their homes, water Internet of Things (IoT) with the water meter along with the
management and monitoring, Waste Management system, cloud-based server. Here, the entire process was with using
Lighting, Parking, etc. Nowadays the cost of IoT has been ESP8266, a flow sensor, and a Cloud-based server. Here it
decreasing as there is a significant growth in the technology measures the total water consumption by a family, or a
and their new ways of implementation. Basically, water was person, and the consumption details can be monitored by the
an important source for humans, animals, and plants to live. customer using the server. In a smart water meter, there
One should use water in a good and efficient way and make will not be a
sure that not to waste natural resources. Nowadays , water that
exists in some parts of the world has been facing water crises.
In India, some of the parts (cities) had faced water crises in

1
tampering process such as Automated Meter Reading (AMR) called data. By using data pin, the sensor can produce pulses.
which was an efficient process to keep track of the These pulses will help to produce the number of liters are
consumption. There is the billing process, it is according to the passing through the sensor.
plans they had chosen. If the family or a person was out from
home, it will cut the water supply and reduces energy
consumption. Billing costs will be transparent and there will D. Software Used
less wastage of water.
Arduino IDE is used to develop the code and upload the
code on MCU for Implementation and Testing.Thinger.io is a
I. Proposed Methodology cloud to visualize the output.
ESP8266 is a device used to provide internet 1. Arduino IDE: Arduino IDE is an open-source
connectivity for projects. This is also known as a Wi-Fi software package that's utilizes the Arduino module
Module. It is used to fetch the data and can easily upload the for writing and collecting code. For many DIY
data and making the Internet of Things possible. A flow sensor projects, the arduino is a great single-board
is used to read the water flow from the sensor as to how many microcontroller solution. It will examine the
litres of water does the family or a person had consumed. And integrated development setting or ide that's
this data is finally uploaded into a cloud server (Thinger.io) to accustomed program. It is easily accessible for
monitor the consumption readings in real-time for billing operating systems such as MAC, Windows, Linux
purposes. Thereafter using a relay speed control process will and runs with built-in functions and commands on
be done. High-speed flow purpose 12V Relay will play a vital the Java Platform that plays a vital role in debugging,
role and for Low-speed flow, 5V Power supply will come into editing, and compiling code in the environment. It is
the picture. Relay is used to control the DC Motor on 5V to an official Arduino software, making it too easy for
12V and12V TO 5V. The DC Motor is to observe the speed. even a common person without basic knowledge to
compile code.

A. Block Diagram 2. Thinger.io: The Thinger.io is an easy-to-use and

easy-to-understand IoT platform with clean, neat, and
easy design to provide developers with wonderful
experiences. Project implementers can create a free
account. It is possible to attach any source IoT
platform device. That's not a problem with Arduino,
ESP8266, Raspberry Pi, Intel Edison, etc. The
Thinger.io platform senses devices in real-time and
acts on them. Its technology minimizes the
bandwidth of information, processing power, code
size, and increases the scalability of the server. Any
type of information will easily be stored in its data
buckets, and its dashboards can display the
information stored or received in real-time just as
Fig 1 : Block diagram of the proposed model
easily.
In this article different types of devices are used for this
project, which is explained below. E. DC Motor

A DC motor is one of a class of rotary electric motors that

B. ESP8266
convert electrical energy from mechanical energy into direct
current. The forces generated by magnetic fields rely on the
The ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi Module, which is having more
most common types. It can be represented as a ferromagnetic
features to use at a less reasonable cost and also small in size
cylinder with a solenoid at its disposal, regardless of how
as 4MB Flash memory. It is a Micro Controller and also a Wi-
difficult the winding is until electricity is supplied. This
Fi transceiver. It has an Access Point and a station. The other
solenoid's wire is made of the wire bundle used in each of
name for ESP8266 is NodeMCU. In this type of
them. The place of the rotor is similar to an electromagnet, the
microcontroller, 2 models are there namely NodeMCU 0.9 &
rotor works.
1.0. and in the proposed work NodeMCU 1.0 was used.

F. SPDT Relay
C. Flow Sensor
A switching device is a relay usually uses a magnet coil to
The quality of the control is measured using a Model control their internal mechanical change mechanism contacts.
No. YF-S201 and it consists of magnets internally, which is If a relay touch is open, this turns power ON for a circuit when
working on principle called Hall Effect. Ideally it is well the coil is triggered. Relays let a low current circuit be
suited for the identification of the flow of water. It consists of operated by one or higher current circuits. SPDT Relay
3 pins, where two pins are called Vcc, ground another pin (5V&12V): The SPDT (Single-Pole Double-Throw)