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05b PHP Variables Scope

The document discusses the different scopes of variables in PHP including local, global, and static scopes. Variables declared outside of functions have global scope, while those declared within functions have local scope unless specified otherwise. The global and static keywords allow variables to be accessed globally or retained between function calls respectively.

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10 views9 pages

05b PHP Variables Scope

The document discusses the different scopes of variables in PHP including local, global, and static scopes. Variables declared outside of functions have global scope, while those declared within functions have local scope unless specified otherwise. The global and static keywords allow variables to be accessed globally or retained between function calls respectively.

Uploaded by

erik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP Variables Scope


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PHP Variables Scope


In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script.

The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the variable can be
referenced/used.

PHP has three different variable scopes:

local
global
static

Global and Local Scope


A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE and can only be accessed
outside a function:

Example Get your own PHP Server

Variable with global scope:

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$x = Tutorials
5; // global
 scope 
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 function
HTML CSS myTest() {
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// using x inside this function will generate an error
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echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
myTest();

echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";

Try it Yourself »

A variable declared within a function has a LOCAL SCOPE and can only be accessed
within that function:

Example
Variable with local scope:

function myTest() {
$x = 5; // local scope
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
myTest();

// using x outside the function will generate an error


echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";

Try it Yourself »

You can have local variables with the same name in different functions, because local
variables are only recognized by the function in which they are declared.

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Own Your Deck Today.


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 

PHP The global Keyword


The global keyword is used to access a global variable from within a function.

To do this, use the global keyword before the variables (inside the function):

Example

$x = 5;
$y = 10;

function myTest() {
global $x, $y;
$y = $x + $y;
}

myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15

Try it Yourself »

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PHP also stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index] . The index
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holds the name of the variable. This array is also accessible from within functions and
can be used to update global variables directly.
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The example above can be rewritten like this:
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Example

$x = 5;
$y = 10;

function myTest() {
$GLOBALS['y'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y'];
}

myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15

Try it Yourself »

PHP The static Keyword


Normally, when a function is completed/executed, all of its variables are deleted.
However, sometimes we want a local variable NOT to be deleted. We need it for a further
job.

To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the variable:

Example

function myTest() {
static $x = 0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}

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myTest();
myTest();
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myTest();
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Try it Yourself »

Then, each time the function is called, that variable will still have the information it
contained from the last time the function was called.

Note: The variable is still local to the function.

PHP Exercises

Test Yourself With Exercises

Exercise:
Create a variable named txt and assign the value "Hello" .

= " ";

Submit Answer »

Start the Exercise

❮ Previous Log in to track progress Next ❯


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