Assignment 3.

1: Spur Gears
1. State applications of gear drives.
2. State two important reasons for adopting involute curve for gear tooth profile.
3. What are the advantages of 14.5° full-depth involute, 20° full-depth Involute & 20° stub involute
teeth gears?
4. State the desirable properties of gear material.
5. List out the gear tooth failure criteria – cause and remedies.
6. Derive the beam strength equation for a spur gears
7. In a pair of spur gears, the number of teeth on the pinion and the gear are 20 and 100 respectively.
The module is 6 mm. Calculate (i) the centre distance; (ii) the pitch circle diameters of the pinion
and the gear; (iii) addendum and dedendum; (iv) tooth thickness and bottom clearance; and (v) the
gear ratio.
8. A train of spur gears is shown in Fig. 1 Gear 1 is the driving gear and transmits 5 kW power at 720
rpm. The number of teeth on gears 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 20, 50, 30 and 60 respectively. The module for
all gears is 4 mm. The gears have a 20° full-depth involute profile. Calculate the tangential and
radial components of the tooth force between (i) Gears 1 and 2 and (ii) Gears 3 and 4.
9. It is required to design a pair of spur gears with 20° full-depth involute teeth. The input shaft rotates
at 720 rpm and receives 5 kW power through a flexible coupling. The speed of the output shaft
should be 144 rpm. The pinion as well as the gear are made of steel Fe 410 (Sut = 410 N/mm2). The
service factor for the application is 1.25. (i) Assume suitable number of teeth for the pinion and the
gear. (ii) For preliminary calculations, assume the pitch line velocity as 5 m/s and the factor of safety
as 2. Estimate the module and select the first preference value of the module. (iii) Using this value
of the module, calculate the pitch circle diameters of the pinion and gear and the face width. (iv)
Determine static load and the dynamic load by Buckingham’s equation. Also, calculate the beam
strength and the correct value of factor of safety based on beam strength. (v) Using a factor of safety
of 2 for wear strength, specify the surface hardness for gears.
10. It is required to design a pair of spur gears with 20° full-depth involute teeth consisting of a 20-teeth
pinion meshing with a 50 teeth gear. The pinion shaft is connected to a 22.5 kW, 1450 rpm electric
motor. The starting torque of the motor can be taken as 150% of the rated torque. The material for
the pinion is plain carbon steel Fe 410 (Sut = 410 N/mm2), while the gear is made of grey cast iron
FG 200 (Sut =200 N/mm2). The service factor for
the application is 1.25. (i) Assume suitable number
of teeth for the pinion and the gear. (ii) For
preliminary calculations, assume the pitch line
velocity as 5 m/s and the factor of safety as 2.
Estimate the module and select the first preference
value of the module. (iii) Using this value of the
module, calculate the pitch circle diameters of the
pinion and gear and the face width. (iv) Determine
static load and the dynamic load by Buckingham’s
equation. Also, calculate the beam strength and the
correct value of factor of safety based on beam
strength. (v) Using a factor of safety of 2 for wear
strength, specify the surface hardness for gears.
Fig no. 1
 Assignment 3.2: Helical Gears
1. What is the difference between double and herringbone helical gears?
2. What is virtual or formative helical gear?
3. Write a short note on herringbone gear & crossed helical gears
4. A pair of parallel helical gears consists of an 18 teeth pinion meshing with a 45 teeth gear. 7.5 kW
power at 2000 rpm is supplied to the pinion through its shaft. The normal module is 6 mm, while
the normal pressure angle is 20°. The helix angle is 23°. Determine the tangential, radial and axial
components of the resultant tooth force between the meshing teeth.
5. A pair of parallel helical gears consists of 24 teeth pinion rotating at 3000 rpm and supplying 2.5
kW power to a gear. The speed reduction is 4 : 1. The normal pressure angle and helix angle are 20°
and 23° respectively. Both gears are made of hardened steel (Sut = 600 N/mm2). The service factor
and the factor of safety are 1.5 and 2 respectively. (i) Determine the dynamic load using
Buckingham’s equation and find out the effective load for the above dimensions. What is the correct
factor of safety for bending? (ii) Specify surface hardness for the gears, assuming a factor of safety
of 2 for wear consideration.
6. The layout of a double-reduction helical gearbox is shown in Fig. 2. Pinion A is the driving gear
and 10 kW power at 720 rpm is supplied to it through its shaft no. 1. The number of teeth on different
helical gears are as follows: ZA = 20 ZB = 50 ZC = 20 ZD = 60. The normal pressure angle for all
gears is 20°. For the pair of helical gears A and B, the helix angle is 30°, and the normal module is
3 mm. For pair C and D, the helix angle is 25° and the normal module is 5 mm. Pinion A has right-
handed helical teeth, while pinion C has left-handed helical teeth. The bearings B1 and B2 are
mounted on shaft no.2 in such a way that bearing B1 can take only radial load, while the bearing B2
can take both radial as well as thrust load. Determine the magnitude and direction of bearing
reactions on shaft no. 2.

Fig no. 2