ASSIGNMENT #2

ISD MODELS

ADDIE MODEL
Proponent:
The ADDIE model, developed in the 1970s by Florida State University for the military, is an
instructional design model. Its name is an acronym for its five stages: Analysis, Design,
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The ADDIE model was originally intended as
a linear process, but it has since become more dynamic and interactive.

Description:
The ADDIE model is a step-by-step approach to designing and developing effective learning
experiences. It consists of five phases:

Analysis: Identify learning needs, analyze learners, and define learning objectives.
Design: Plan instructional materials and strategies, and create the overall course structure.
Development: Create the actual content and materials based on the design.
Implementation: Deliver the course or instructional materials to the learners.
Evaluation: Assess the effectiveness of the instruction and make any necessary revisions.

The ADDIE model is often represented as a cycle or loop, with the five phases arranged in a
circle. This emphasizes the iterative nature of the process, as instructional designers may
need to go back and forth between phases as they learn more about their learners and
refine their design.

Diagram:
 ASSIGNMENT #2
ISD MODELS

ASSURE Model
Proponent:
Heinrich and Molenda created the ASSURE model in 1999. It is a well-known instructional
design model that incorporates multimedia and technology to support constructivist
learning.

Description:
The ASSURE model is an instructional design model that was developed specifically to help
educators integrate technology and multimedia into the teaching and learning process. The
acronym ASSURE stands for:

Analyze learners: Identify the characteristics of the learners, such as their prior knowledge,
skills, and interests.
State objectives: Specify what learners should be able to know or do by the end of the
instruction.
Select media and materials: Choose the most appropriate technology and multimedia
resources to support the learning objectives.
Utilize media and materials: Develop and implement instructional activities that
incorporate the selected media and materials.
Require learner participation: Design activities that require learners to actively engage
with the content and with each other.
Evaluate and revise: Assess the effectiveness of the instruction and make necessary
revisions

Diagram: The ASSURE model is a linear process,

but it is important to note that it is also
iterative. Educators may need to go
back and forth between steps as they
learn more about their learners and
refine their instruction.
 ASSIGNMENT #2
ISD MODELS

SAMR MODEL
Proponent:
The SAMR Model was developed by Dr. Ruben Puentedura, an education researcher. It is a
framework that helps educators and instructional designers understand and implement the
different levels of technology integration in the classroom.

Description:
The SAMR model is a framework that helps educators and instructional designers
understand the levels at which technology can impact teaching and learning. The acronym
SAMR stands for:

Substitution: Technology acts as a direct substitute for a traditional task, with no functional
change. For example, using a word processor to write a paper instead of handwriting it.

Augmentation: Technology is used to improve the task in some way, such as making it more
efficient or effective. For example, using a spelling checker to improve the accuracy of a
paper.

Modification: Technology allows for significant task redesign. For example, using a
presentation tool to create a multimedia presentation to share with the class instead of
giving a traditional lecture.

Redefinition: Technology enables new tasks that were previously inconceivable. For
example, using a virtual reality headset to take students on a field trip to a place that is too
expensive or dangerous to visit in person.

Diagram:
 ASSIGNMENT #2
ISD MODELS

TPACK Framework
Proponent:
The TPACK framework, which stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge,
was developed by Punya Mishra and Matthew Koehler.

Description:
TPACK is a framework that describes the knowledge and skills that teachers need to
effectively use technology in their teaching. It emphasizes the intersection of three primary
knowledge domains:

Technological Knowledge (TK): Knowledge about the use of technology tools and resources.
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK): Knowledge about teaching and learning.
Content Knowledge (CK): Knowledge about the subject matter being taught.
TPACK suggests that effective teaching with technology occurs when teachers have a deep
understanding of all three knowledge domains and are able to integrate them seamlessly in
their teaching practices.

Example: Let's say you are teaching a social studies class and you want to use technology to
help your students learn about the American Revolution. You could use your technological
knowledge (TK) to create a multimedia presentation that includes images, videos, and
interactive elements. You could also use your pedagogical knowledge (PK) to design
activities that help students to engage with the content in a meaningful way. However, if
you don't have a deep understanding of the American Revolution (CK), your students will not
be able to learn effectively from your presentation.

Diagram:
 ASSIGNMENT #2
ISD MODELS

DID MODEL
Proponent:
The Dynamic Instructional Design (DID) model was developed by several researchers,
including Cox (2000), Edmundson (2006), and Puckett (2004).

Description:
The DID model is a learner-centered approach to instructional design that emphasizes the
use of technology to create a more effective and engaging learning environment. The model
consists of six steps:

Know the learners: Identify the learners' characteristics, such as their developmental
stage, language and cultural background, prior knowledge and skills, personal
characteristics, and learning styles.
State learning outcomes: Define what the learners should be able to know or do by
the end of instruction.
Establish the learning environment: Create a learning environment that is conducive
to learning, both physically and educationally. This includes factors such as the seating
arrangement, the level of competition, and the presence of appropriate resources.
Identify teaching and learning strategies: Select instructional strategies that are
appropriate for the learners and the learning objectives.
Identify and select technologies: Choose technology tools that can be used to
support the instructional strategies.
Plan a summative evaluation: Develop a plan to evaluate the effectiveness of
instruction.

The DID model is a flexible model that can be adapted to meet the needs of a variety of
learners and learning objectives. It is also a research-based model, with evidence to support
its effectiveness.

Diagram:
 ASSIGNMENT #2
ISD MODELS

REFERENCES:

ADDIE. (n.d.). The Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved October 21, 2023, from
https://psu.pb.unizin.org/idhandbook/chapter/addie/#:~:text=The%20ADDIE%20model%2
0was%20created,effective%20training%20and%20instructional%20materials.

Dynamic Instructional Design (DID) Model - 756 Words | Research Paper Example. (2019,
September 28). IvyPanda. https://ivypanda.com/essays/dynamic-instructional-design-did-
model-research-paper/

Pappas, C. (2023, April 11). How Can You Use The ASSURE Instructional Design Model In
eLearning? eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/how-can-you-use-the-assure-
instructional-design-model-in-
elearning#:~:text=Heinrich%20and%20Molenda%20created%20the,environment%20from%2
0a%20constructivist%20perspective.

The TPACK Framework Explained (With Classroom Examples). (2022, April). Power School.
Retrieved October 21, 2023, from https://www.powerschool.com/blog/the-tpack-
framework-explained-with-classroom-
examples/#:~:text=TPACK%20is%20a%20technology%20integration,content%20knowledge
%20(a.k.a.%20TPACK).

Tribble, D. (2023, May 25). SAMR Model: A Practical Guide for K-12 Classroom Technology
Integration. PowerSchool. https://www.powerschool.com/blog/samr-model-a-practical-
guide-for-k-12-classroom-technology-
integration/#:~:text=The%20SAMR%20Model%20Explained%20(