Module in FS1 Enhanced
Module in FS1 Enhanced
: DO- CoEd-FS 1
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Status : Rev 9
Date Issued : June 2020
1
Requirements
October 12-17, 2020 - Term Break
Course Requirements:
1. Attendance, Quizzes, Participations, Projects, Activities, and Major Examinations
2. Grading Criteria:
Quizzes/Assignments 25%
Class Activities/Laboratory Output 35%
Periodic Examination 40%
Total 100%
III. MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students are able to:
Lesson 1. Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Its Application Across the Curriculum
Lesson 2. Research-based Knowledge and Principles of Teaching and Learning
Lesson 3. Positive Use of ICT
Lesson 4. Strategies for promoting Literacy and Numeracy
Lesson 5. Strategies for Developing Critical and Creative Thinking, as well as Other Higher Order
Thinking Skills
Lesson 6. Mother Tongue, Filipino and English in Teaching and Learning
Lesson 7.Classroom Communication Strategies
V. TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITES (TLA’s) (with TLA guides, must be doable thru
online)
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
VI. ASSESSMENT TASK (AT’s) / EVALUATION/RUBRICS (WITH ASSESSMENT guides)
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
VII. ASSIGNMENT (include here the target module for the preceding MODULE guides )
Research the following topics: Learners Safety and Security, Fair Learning Environment,
Management of Classroom Structure and Activities, Support for Learners Participation, Promotion
of Purposive Learning, and Management of Learner Behavior
VIII. REFERENCES
Anderson, L. et.al. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing. A Revision of
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Heidelberg.
Arnold, V.D. (2010). Planning for effective instruction. The Teacher Education Journal, Vol. 24,
1988, Issue 3.
2
Barnes, M. (2013). Five steps to create a progressive, student-centered classroom. Retrieved from
http://inservice.ascd.org/five-steps-to-create-a-progressive-student-centered-classroom/
Lesson 1. Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Its Application Across the
Curriculum
Processing
A. Based on what you have observed in class, explain the importance of the
different kinds of knowledge.
1. Content Knowledge
2. Pedagogical Knowledge
3. Curricular Knowledge
B. What do you think are the strategies used by the teacher to enrich the mastery of
the lesson?
C. What do you think are the strategies used by the teacher to enrich the
pedagogical knowledge?
D. What do you think are the strategies used by the teacher to enrich the curricular
knowledge?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4
2. generate new knowledge on less explored, but priority fields of basic
education;
3. systematically focus on DepEd’s attention on relevant education issues; and
4. maximize available resources for research inside and outside Department.
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
C. What are the things that the teachers need to do in order to improve their
research skills?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Teachers play a critical role in supporting learners to face a challenges and seize
opportunities in the digital world. (UNESCO, 2018). This lesson will help you ascertain
how to demonstrate skills using technology to promote quality- learning outcomes. The
objectives of this lesson are the following:
5
1. Identify different types of information and Communication Technology ( ICT) for
teaching and learning;
2. Observe the proper use of ICT in teaching and learning ; and
3. Understand how technology can improve teaching and learning.
One of the 21th Century skills that students need to succeed in the information
age is literacy skills, which comprise information literacy, media literacy, and technology
literacy (P21 Framework for 21th Century Learning 2016). Thus, teachers should not
only be equipped with Pedagogical knowledge, but also with Technological knowledge
to adapt with the demand of the 21th century teaching and learning. Mishra and Koehler
(2006) define technological knowledge (TK) as knowledge of different technologies from
traditional such us books, chalk and blackboard to more advanced technologies like
digital technologies that involve skills required to operate hardware and software and
the ability to adapt to new technologies regardless of type. Mishra and Koehler (2006),
the pedagogical uses of technology require the development of a complex situated from
of knowledge called technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The
TPACK framework describes the teachers’ knowledge for technology integration, which
adds technologies knowledge to Shulman's concept of PCK. It is an overlap of content
knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technological knowledge.
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
A. What are the problems or challenges in integrating ICT in teaching and learning?
B. What are he challenges encountered by students in using ICT tools and other
forms of digital technologies?
D. How will you promote the positive use of ICT to your students?
A. I realize that:
6
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
One of the target goals is specified under the global goals 4.6 is to ensure that all
youth and the sustainable proportion of adult both men and women achieve literacy and
numeracy by 2030.to achieve their goals teacher who serve as forefront of teaching
literacy and numeracy should be equipped with knowledge on strategies that promote
literacy and numeracy skill. Literacy and numeracy skills are the foundational skills that
learners need to be develop in order to succeed in life. These basics skills refers to the
student ability to understand the effective use of language communication skills.
(reading, writing, listening and speaking).and mathematical concept(Number sense,
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, decimal, fraction) that are useful in
everyday life . According to Wyatt-Smith, Elkins, and Gunn (2011), literacy and
numeracy education is core in quality learning across all phases of schooling and
curriculum area. This means that the teacher roles is instigating literacy and numeracy
is significant to improve the student academic performance knowing how literacy and
numeracy taught under the k-12 curriculum and understanding the learners
competencies are essential in identify appropriate strategies to promote literacy and
numeracy among the students.
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
C. How can literacy and numeracy improve the learner’s academic performance?
7
D. In the absence of digital technologies and printed materials, what do you think
are the strategies you can use to promote literacy and numeracy?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
8
form a coherent functional whole,;
recognize elements into a new
pattern or structure
(Keywords: Hypothesizing,
designing, constructing)
Synthesis Evaluate – make judgment based
HIGHER ORDER on criteria and standard
(Keywords: Checking, critiquing)
Analysis Analyze – break material into its
constituent parts and determine how
the parts relate to one another and
to an overall structure or purpose
(Keywords: differentiating,
organizing, attributing)
Application Apply – carry out or use procedure
in a given situation
(Keywords: Executing,
LOWER ORDER implementing)
Comprehension Understand – construct meaning
from instructional messages,
including oral, written, and graphic
communication
(Keywords: Interpreting,
exemplifying, classifying,
summarizing, inferring,
comparing, explaining)
Knowledge Remember - retrieve relevant
knowledge from long-term memory
(Keywords: Recognizing,
recalling)
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
B. How can higher order thinking skills improve the students’ learning?
C. How important is creative and critical thinking in the 21st century workplace?
D. What are the things that teachers need to improve on in order to enrich students’
HOTS?
9
Reflection. Complete the following statements.
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
10
regions per DO No. 28, s. 2013. These are: (Ybanag (Region II – Tuguegarao City,
Cagayan, Isabela), Ivatan (Region II – Batanes Group of Islands), Sambal (Region III –
Zambales), Aklanon (Region IV – aklan, Capiz), Kinaray-a (Region VI – Capiz, Aklan),
Yakan (ARMM – Basilan), and Surigaonon (CARAGA – Surigao City and Provinces).
Mother Tongue, Filipino, and English as MOIs are also offered as learning areas under
the K to 12 curriculum with focus on oral language, phonological awareness, book and
print knowledge, alphabet knowledge, phonics and word recognition, fluency, spelling,
writing and composition, grammar awareness and structure, vocabulary development,
reading comprehension, listening comprehension, attitudes towards language, literacy
and literature, and study strategies.
Processing
A. Based on what you have observed in class, identify the benefits of using Mother
Tongue, Filipino and English as MOIs.
1. Mother Tongue
2. Filipino
3. English
B. Based on what you have observed in class, identify the strategies to improve the
teacher’s ability to help students understand Mother Tongue, Filipino and
English?
C. Explain how Mother Tongue can enrich cultural awareness of both teachers and
students?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
11
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Communication skill is one of the 21st century competencies that every student
needs. It is essential in exchanging information with other people. Communication
makes teaching and learning easier. Communication may occur between individuals,
groups, organizations, and social classes regardless of their complexities, distance,
space and time (Rosengren 2000). In a classroom setting where the teacher usually
plays the role as conveyor of message or information, his/her ability to communicate
with the learners is very essential in order to engage them in class discussion.
According to Rocci and De Saussure (2016), verbal communication is arguably the
most pervasive form of communication especially in the huge gamut of communication
phenomena where spoken and written language combines with other modalities such
as gestures and picture. There are two known forms of verbal communication.
1. Oral Communication – a communication through spoken words done face-
to-face, in video chat, or on telephone call.
2. Written Communication – a communication through the use of written or
printed documents, emails, fax message, SMS/test messages, or online
messaging/chat.
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
A. How important are the verbal and non-verbal forms of communication to the
teachers?
C. What forms of communication do the teachers and the students need to improve
on?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
12
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
13
Week 2 Term: 1st Semester: 1st Academic Year: 2020-2021
Subject Code: FS 1 Course Title: Field Study 1
MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students are able to:
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the following topics: Learners’ Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests and Experiences,
Learners’ Linguistic, Cultural, Socio-economic, and Religious Backgrounds, Learners’ with
Disabilities, Giftedness and Talents, Learners in Difficult Circumstances, and Learners from
Indigenous Groups
REFERENCES
Bernard, J. (2012). A place to learn. Lessons from research on learning environments. Retrieved
from UNESCO Institute for /statistics Website:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002154/215468e.pdf
Burleson, S. and Thoron, A. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its relation to learning and
achievement. UF/IFAS Extension, 495, pp. 1-3. Retrieved from:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WC/WC15900.pdf
14
Bickford, D.J., & Wright, D.J. (2018). Chapter 4. Community: The Hidden context for Learning:
Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-
spaces/chapter-4-community-hidden-context-learning. Date accessed: August 10, 2018
Brookfield, S.D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carnegie, Mellon University. Eberly Center. (2016). Teaching Principles. Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html
Lesson 1. Learners Safety and Security
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
B. In your own opinion, how can the school learning environment be improved?
C. How does Maslow’s theory explain the importance of security and safety in
ensuring that learning will take place?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
15
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
The goal of any teacher is to provide the students with a safe learning
environment. In order to make students feel safe, they should be allowed to be
themselves, make mistakes, and be in an environment that is fair. A fair learning
environment does not espouse teaching that use the same mode of delivery for all
lessons or topics. It also does not impose the same expectations for all students.
Furthermore, it does not provide students the same academic experiences all the time.
On the contrary, a fair learning environment provides students with lessons, strategies,
and challenges their individual needs. Inequalities in the classroom often occur when
the teacher gives utmost importance to academic achievements, thereby alienating
other students who are not as gifted academically. Fair learning environment uses an
inclusive pedagogy where students are provided with varied experiences, activities, and
opportunities (Spratt and Florian 2013). Inclusive pedagogy as espoused by Hart,
Drummond, and Mcintyre (2004) promotes a fair learning environment because it gives
the students a chance to learn from a range of opportunities and experience provided
by the teacher. In other words, the teacher should adopt various teaching in order to suit
the different learning capabilities of the students.
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
B. How does fair learning environment affect the way children learn?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
16
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
D. When it’s my time to become a teacher, I will:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Processing. Based on what you have observed in class answer the following
questions.
A. Do you think that the classroom structure is consistent with the teacher’s
objectives?
B. How the classroom set-up does affects the students’ performance and learning?
C. If you were the teacher, what kind of classroom structure would you adopt to
maximize the students’ learning?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
17
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
There are various ways to improve students’ participation in class discussion and
activities. First, the teacher needs the students to understand that participation is a
collective undertaking of the class and their contribution can help in the learning process
(Hollander 2002). If the students are given the opportunity to share what they know and
show what they can do, and if they are recognized for their efforts, they will realize that
their contributions matter. Likewise, teachers should also make sure that the learning
environment is conducive to participation. The physical set- up should make it easy for
students to communicate with the teachers and classmates. Various ways of arranging
the classroom layout should be explored to make sure that the students are facing not
only the teacher but also their classmates. The teacher should also to make it a point to
move around the room. This will not only give the students more opportunities to
interact with the teacher, but it will also encourage students to interact with one another.
The tendency of students when the teacher is in front of the room is to direct their
questions and answers to the teacher. It is important that the teacher gives the students
the opportunity to ask or even converse with each other (Hollander 2002). Lastly, the
teacher should explore various teaching strategies to ensure that all the students can
participate activity. The teacher should make sure that the students can answer or
discuss the lesson after a concept is introduced. By anticipating this, the students are
more likely to be attentive. The teacher can also engage the students in other non-
threatening activities involving small groups, pairs, or triads. These will allow students
who are not confident talking in front of the whole class to participate (Hollander, 2002).
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
A. How does the teacher encourage the students to participate actively in class?
B. What do you think is the best classroom set-up to encourage the students to
engage in the activity?
C. What strategies should the teacher use to make the students participate in class?
18
Reflection. Complete the following statements.
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
19
learning, teachers should provide students with opportunities in observe a behavior or a
task. Thus, the learning environment should provide avenues for students to observe.
This kind of informal learning allows students to form cognitive maps that enable them
to make a mental representation of a specific situation, discover the behavior that is
appropriate for that situation, and perform expected outcomes.
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
A. Does the teacher support purposive learning? If yes, how? If no, how can the
teacher support purposive learning?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
The teacher uses variety of skills and strategies to make students become
interested and engaged in the learning process. By managing the class, the teacher is
able to fulfill his/her role better. Thus, classroom management is essential in ensuring
an affective learning environment (Lynch2016).The teacher need to provide a venue
where the student’s potentials will be maximized to the fullest. As a manager, the
teacher plays significant role in providing learning environment that would satisfy and
meet the needs and interests of the students. William Glasser (1999) proposes that
behavior is propelled by an inherent need to satisfy five basic needs: the need to love
20
and belong, the need to survive, the need to feel empowered, to need to be free, and
the need to be happy. Glassers Choice Theory suggest that students behave according
to how their needs will be fulfilled and satisfied. Thus, it is essential that the teacher
establish a relationship with the students to be able to address their individual needs. It
is only by being able to establish positive relationship with the students that the teacher
can motivate them to say focused an engaged .The teacher who believes in this theory
provides the students with activities that will enable them to take charge of their own
learning and apply what they have learned until mastery is achieved. BF Skinner (1982)
suggest that the teacher manage the students behavior through rewards and
punishment .According to skinner , the teacher reinforce good behavior by giving
external rewards like praises ,prizes ,or good grades .On the other hand, if students are
deprived of rewards that they find appealing ,their behavior is likewise regulated. The
teacher who follows this theory always makes sure that good behavior is acknowledge
in order for that behavior to be repeated. In contrast, Alfie Kohn (2006) believes that
student’s behavior can be managed well if they are given opportunity to satisfy their
curiosity. In this theory, Kohn suggests that students be given the freedom to pursue
concept that interest them instead of imposing predetermined lessons on them. When
students are engaged in learning the concept of their choice, they become more
involved in their own learning. Teacher, according to Kohn, need not use grades or
external rewards to motivate students. Students learn because they see the relevance
of what they are learning in their own lives.
B. Do you think that the management style would best maximize students’ learning?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
21
Week 3 Term: 1st Semester: 1st Academic Year: 2020-2021
Subject Code: FS 1 Course Title: Field Study 1
MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students are able to:
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the following topics: Planning and Management of Teaching and Learning Process,
Learning Outcomes aligned with Learning Competencies, Relevance and Responsiveness of
Learning Programs, Professional Collaboration to Enrich Teaching Practice, and Teaching and
Learning Resources Including ICT
REFERENCES
Bloom, B., Engelhart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals: Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain.
Canada: David McKay Company, Inc.
Brown-Martin, G. (2017). Education and the fourth industrial revolution. Retrieved from:
https://medium.com/learning-re-imagined/education-and-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-
cd6bcd7256a3
22
Choppin, J.M. (2009). Curriculum Context Knowledge: Teacher Learning from Successive
enactments of Standards-Based Mathematics Curriculum. Massachusetts: Wiley
Periodical Inc.
Dewey, J. (2001). The school and society & the child and the curriculum. New York: Dover
Publications, Inc.
Lesson 1. Learners’ Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests and Experiences
Aniekee Ezekiel once quoted that the ability to recognize and respect individual
differences is the beginning of a successful relationship. Student- teacher relationship is
very important to promote a more effective instruction. However, this will be impossible
without knowing the uniqueness and differences of your students- the heart and center
of teaching and learning. To promote gender-sensitive classrooms, the DepEd issued
DepEd Order 32, series of 2017. This policy ensures a gender-responsive physical and
social environment that promotes respect for all people and has a zero tolerance for all
forms of discrimination, violence, and abuse. It also promote the institutional of gender-
responsive teaching-learning plans, guides, processes, activities, mechanism and
measures. With this policy, we can assure that gender stereotyping which ignores
individual differences in basic education will be prevented. To ensure the classroom
learning is fun and enjoyable, the needs and interest of the students should be the
priority of every school. RA 10533 adheres to this principle by making the curriculum
learner-centered, inclusive, and developmentally appropriate by making policy makes
education learner-oriented and responsive to the needs, cognitive and cultural capacity,
as well as the circumstances and diversity of learners, schools, and communities.
Through these policies, schools can follow a learner-centered curriculum that is
anchored in the learners’ needs and interests. Barnes (2013) outlines five steps to
create a progressive, student-centered classroom:
1. Create ongoing projects;
2. Integrate technology
3. Replace homework with engaging in-class activities;
4. Eliminate rules and consequences; and
5. Involve students in evaluation.
A. Based from your readings and observations, how to promote a gender sensitive
school/classroom which of the answers is the best? Why?
B. How will you determine the strength and weaknesses of your students?
D. How are you going to use the learner’s needs and interests in creating amore
effective instruction?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
23
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Brown Martin (2017) mentions in his article entitled Education and the Fourth
Industrial Revolution that we are on the precipice of what the World Economic Forum
Calls the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The artificial intelligence, automation, mobile
supercomputing robots, self-driving cars, and neuro-technological brain enhancements
are some of the product of this revolution. Evidence of dramatic change is all around us
and it is happen exponential rite: Almost everything has been replaced by robots
through artificial intelligence However; teacher with a heart will never be replaced by a
machine. John C Maxwell, an American author, speaker, and pastor. Quoted that
students do not care how much you know until they know how much you care. Teachers
who show care to their students will earn respect and trust from their students, which
will later lead to successful teaching and learning. Knowing your leaders' linguistic,
cultural, socio-economic and religious background: and adjusting the instruction based
on their differences will direct you to differentiated instruction. Differentiated means
tailoring instruction to meet individual needs. Whether teachers differentiate content,
process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and
flexible grouping make this a successful approach to instruction (Tomlinsos 2000).
A. Does the number of boys and girls affect the classroom instruction? How?
B. Does the religious background of the students affect the preparation of the
lesson? How?
C. Is the mother tongue of the most of the students affect the medium of instruction?
How?
D. Is the socio-economic differences off the students affect their learning? How?
24
E. Is contextualization, localization, and indigenization of the curricula being done to
fit the cultural background of the students?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
25
7. students with other health physical impairments;
8. students with severe and multiple disabilities; and
9. gifted and talented students.
A. Watch the film titled, Every Child is Special. After watching the movie, complete
the template of the Critical Analysis below.
state the title of the film, director name and the place
where the movie was taken
provide the synopsis of the film and identify the
directors thesis
Introduction state your own thesis statement and your main idea
about the film
26
the purpose
well presented, with appropriate ending and
more…
Remember critical analysis should be fun! This is your chance to say what
you think about the film, but you must back up your opinions with supporting
arguments and specific details from the text.
B. How do the answers of the school principal, classroom adviser, and guidance
counselor on dealing with exceptional learners differ from each other?
D. What have you realized after watching the film Every Child is Special?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
27
Lesson 4. Learners in Difficult Circumstances
1. geographic isolation
2. chronic illness
3. displacement due to armed conflict
4. urban resettlement
5. abuse (physical, psychological, emotional)
Addressing these difficulties is key for more productive and more meaningful
student learning.
C. Among the different difficult circumstances given by the students, which is the
most complicated? Why?
D. In your own opinion, what is the best strategy to use when teaching a student
with chronic disorder?
28
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Classroom in the 21st century are extremely different from the classroom of the
past. One of the seven Cs in teaching and learning in the 21 st century is cross- cultural
understanding. Tracing where our student came from and anticipating this in preparing
the lesson is an essential ingredient toward a successful and effective classroom
instruction. There are different indigenous group in the country. According to the United
Nations Development Program. The Philippines is a culturally diverse country with
about 14-17 million indigenous people (IPs) belonging to 110 ethno-linguistic groups.
They are mainly concentrated in Northern Luzon (Cordillera Administrative Region,
33%) and Mindanao (61%) with some groups in the Visayas area. In 1997, Republic Act
8371, also known as Indigenous People Right Act, was enacted. This law recognized
and promotes all the rights of indigenous cultural communities /indigenous people (ICCs
and IPs). IPs remain to be the most vulnerable and marginalized members of society.
Many IP communities continue to lack access to decent basics social services, have
limited opportunities to engage in the mainstream economy, and suffer social,
economic, and political exclusion (DepEd Order 62, series of 2011). As a result. The
DepEd issued DepEd Order 32, series of 2015, entitled adopting the Indigenous
Peoples Education (IPED) Curriculum Framework. The DepEd order recognizes the
right of IPs to basic education that is culturally rooted and responsive. The IPED
Curriculum Framework seeks to provide guidance to school and order education
program. Both public and private, as they engage with indigenous communities in
29
localizing, indigenizing, and enhancing the K to 12 curriculum based on their respective
educational and social context.
C. Among the indigenous groups, what particular group that most of the students
belong?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
30
Week 4 Term: 1st Semester: 1st Academic Year: 2020-2021
Subject Code: FS 1 Course Title: Field Study 1
MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students are able to:
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the following topics: Learners’ Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests and Experiences,
Learners’ Linguistic, Cultural, Socio-economic, and Religious Backgrounds, Learners’ with
Disabilities, Giftedness and Talents, Learners in Difficult Circumstances, and Learners from
Indigenous Groups
REFERENCES
Bernard, J. (2012). A place to learn. Lessons from research on learning environments. Retrieved
from UNESCO Institute for /statistics Website:
31
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002154/215468e.pdf
Burleson, S. and Thoron, A. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its relation to learning and
achievement. UF/IFAS Extension, 495, pp. 1-3. Retrieved from:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WC/WC15900.pdf
Bickford, D.J., & Wright, D.J. (2018). Chapter 4. Community: The Hidden context for Learning:
Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-
spaces/chapter-4-community-hidden-context-learning. Date accessed: August 10, 2018
Brookfield, S.D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carnegie, Mellon University. Eberly Center. (2016). Teaching Principles. Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html
32
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
33
Learning outcomes are specific knowledge, skills, and values that each students
needs to master or demonstrate as a result of learning. Learning outcomes are
traditionally known as learning objectives or instructional objectives.
A. Are the teachers aware of the function of the K-12 curriculum? Explain your
answer.
B. Are the teachers using the curriculum guide in planning their lesson? Explain
your answer?
D. Are the learning outcomes of the teacher aligned with the learning competency?
E. Are the learning strategies of the teachers’ aligned with the learning outcomes?
F. Are the assessment tools of the teachers aligned with the learning outcomes?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Learning programs are designed to help the student reach the desired curriculum
golds and objectives. Each learning program is planned and implemented within the
framework of learner-centered philosophy in education. Learner-centered education is
one of the promising products of the progressive movement in education (Ornstein and
34
Hunkins, 1993). It refers to a kind of education that considers the knowledge, skills,
abilities, attitude, interest, and beliefs the learners bring into the classroom (Curtis &
Carter 1996; Ornstein and Hunkins 1993). It also pays attention to the needs, concerns,
expectations, and the natural environment of the learners (Dewey 2011; Gandini 1997).
Since its inception in 012, the K-12 basic education curriculum myriad of curricular and
instructional programs were introduced to the whole education system. These learning
programs aim to support the implementation of the curriculum towards the development
of a functionally literate and holistically developed Filipinos. The following are learning
programs planned and implemented by the DepEd:
Special Programs for the arts and Sports;
Special Programs for foreign Language;
Special Science Education Project;
Curriculum for the Gifted;
Transition Curriculum for Learners with Special Education Needs;
Special Education Programs;
Inclusion Programs; and
Homeroom Guidance Program.
A. How do the different learning programs support the development of the students?
B. How does each learning program support the goals and objectives of the
curriculum?
C. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each learning
program?
D. What are the challenges and problems in the implementation of each learning
program?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
35
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Teachers need to reflect on their teaching practices (Danielson 2007). They need to
commit themselves to continuous improvement that requires Professional Collaboration
with Colleagues. Implementing a curriculum is a collaborative task of the whole
experiences and expertise to improve the implementation of the curriculum. In ensuring
the proper implementation of the K-12 basic education curriculum, based on RA 10533,
the following instructional approaches need to be applied by the teachers.
Processing. Read the questions carefully and answer the following questions.
36
B. Identify strategies that the school can utilize to develop better professional
collaboration among teachers to improve their teaching practices.
C. How can the school promote stronger collaboration among its teachers?
D. How does the school support and sustain a culture of excellence among teaching
and non-teaching personnel?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Teaching and learning resources are material used by teachers to support the
implementation of curriculum and instruction. These teaching and learning resources
are in the form of print, audio-visual materials, databases, online resources, visual aids,
real-objects, ICT tools, and other educational material available. Teaching and learning
resources are important because they can significantly improve the learning of the
students and enhance the teaching learning objectives in the lesson plan. Since the
millennial students are born into the information age, they have wide access to different
technologies. Trough technology particularly the internet, they gather, learn, and
analyze information. This means that education should take advantage of ICT tools to
provide more meaningful and relevant teaching and learning experiences for the
learners. Some important features of an excellent teaching and learning resources are
the following:
37
3. Process and outcomes-driven-contains activities that engage students in
meaningful and challenging learning;
4. Differentiated learning-addresses different learning needs, learning styles,
and thinking styles;
5. ICT-integrated-allows the learners to utilize technology as a learning tool
(blended learning) and;
6. Excellent content-provides valid and updated content (this is for print
materials like textbooks and other references).
B. How does these teaching and learning resources utilized in teaching and
learning?
C. How do these teaching and learning resources help attain learning outcomes?
D. How do these teaching and learning resources improve the quality of students
learning?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
38
Week 5 Term: 1st Semester: 1st Academic Year: 2020-2021
Subject Code: FS 1 Course Title: Field Study 1
MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students are able to:
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the following topics: Learners’ Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests and Experiences,
Learners’ Linguistic, Cultural, Socio-economic, and Religious Backgrounds, Learners’ with
Disabilities, Giftedness and Talents, Learners in Difficult Circumstances, and Learners from
Indigenous Groups
39
REFERENCES
Bernard, J. (2012). A place to learn. Lessons from research on learning environments. Retrieved
from UNESCO Institute for /statistics Website:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002154/215468e.pdf
Burleson, S. and Thoron, A. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its relation to learning and
achievement. UF/IFAS Extension, 495, pp. 1-3. Retrieved from:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WC/WC15900.pdf
Bickford, D.J., & Wright, D.J. (2018). Chapter 4. Community: The Hidden context for Learning:
Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-
spaces/chapter-4-community-hidden-context-learning. Date accessed: August 10, 2018
Brookfield, S.D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carnegie, Mellon University. Eberly Center. (2016). Teaching Principles. Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html
A. What will happen if the teacher uses the same assessment strategy every day?
B. Which of the three assessment strategies has been used more often in class?
Why do you think so?
C. In your own opinion, which of the three assessment strategies is the most
important?
40
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Continuous monitoring of the students ‘progress inside the classroom has many
benefits. By doing this, teachers collect useful data, improve instruction, ensure
achievement of every learner, and identify students at risk. “Monitoring” is viewed by
cotton (1988) as activities pursued by teacher to keep track of student learning for
purposes of making instructional decision and providing feedback to students on their
progress. Teachers carefully monitor the students ‘learning and progress through the
following:
questioning students during classroom discussion to check their
understanding of material being taught
going around the classroom during seatwork and engaging in one-on-one
contact with students about their work;
assigning, collecting, and correcting homework and recording grades;
conducting periodic reviews with students to confirm their grasp of the
learning material and identify gaps in their knowledge and understanding;
administering and correcting tests and recording scores; and
reviewing student performance data and using these data to make the
needed adjustments in instruction.
Specification Pre-
of Objectives Instruction Evaluation
assessment
Every learner’s achievement should be given worth and value. The DepEd Order
No. 36, series of 2016 recognizes that all students have their unique strengths that need
to be idenified, strengtened, and publicly acknowledge. The table below shows the
academic excellence awards given to learners who meet the following cut-off grades.
B. What are the best practices in monitoring students’ comprehension during class
discussion?
D. If you are going to handle an advisory class, how are you going to make your
class unique and be suited in this new normal environment?
E. Can you suggest any best tips in evaluating and recognizing students’
achievement .
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
42
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Indeed, it is important that the teacher encourages and supports each student by
giving constructive feedback. Feedback can be given as a mark or grade. Comments, or
a mixture of the two. You will know that if a mark is given, then it is perhaps the first and
only thing that is looked at. The comments take time to write, but should be of much
greater benefit to the student in terms of future improvements (Reece and Walker
2003). Moreover, the learners must be given feedback about their performance.
Feedback must be specific. “Good work!” is a positive feedback and is welcome but
actually is not a very good feedback since it is not specific (Corpuz 2015). A better more
specific feedback includes written observations and comments of the teacher on how
the learners can improve their works. The following is a checklist for giving feedback to
students (Gibbs et al. 1986);
1. Keep the time short between the student writing and the feedback. Where
possible, make feedback instantaneous.
2. Substantiate a grade or mark with comments both in the text for specific aspects
and with a summary at the end.
3. Balance negative comments with positive ones and ensure that negative ones
are constructive
4. Follow-up written comments with oral feedback and aim for a dialogue.
5. Make the criteria clear to students when setting the work and give them written
criteria where possible.
6. Make further suggestions to further develop ideas.
7. Give periodic oral feedback on rough drafts.
Lack of time is one of the biggest challenges that teachers face on a regular
basis and this especially impacts feedback opportunities. You may know exactly what
you want to tell your students about their work, but with time constraints and a
potentially high volume of students, it can be difficult to give them the feedback they
need. With this in mind, make it your goal at work smarter, not harder. Do not try to
spend more time than you already do on feedback. Instead, make the effort to optimize
your time.
A. When is the right time to provide constructive feedback: during or after the
students’ performance?
43
B. How does giving feedback help in the instructional decisions of the teacher?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Learning will not be successful without the help and cooperation of the key
stakeholders, the parent's and guardian's. According to the Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers, every teacher shall inform the parents, through proper
authorities, about the progress and deficiencies of the learners under him, exercising
utmost candor and tact in pointing out the learner’s deficiencies and in seeking the
parent's cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of the learners. In
DepEd Order 8, series of 2015, the summary of the learner's progress is shown
quarterly to the parents or guardians through a parent-teacher conference, in which the
report card is being discussed. A parent-teacher conference (PTC) is conducted every
grading period to ensure the effective communication of the learner's needs and
progress to the key stakeholders. The table below is used to determine the learner's
progress, which includes the grading scale with the corresponding descriptor and
remark.
44
Did Not Meet Expectations Below 75 Failed
The prospect of a PTC can arouse intense emotions in both the teacher and the
parent. New teachers can be especially anxious about meeting parents for the first time.
The reality is that most parents really do want their children to have a positive school
experience and prefer to develop a cooperative home - school relationship.
Professionally conducted PTCs can prove a most valuable strategy for improving
student classroom behavior as well as enhancing learning (Partin,2005). Furthermore,
the student's achievement can be communicated to the parents or guardians through
recognition programs conducted by the schools. In DepEd Order 36, series of 2016, the
following awards may be bestowed on the deserving students: classroom awards, grade
- level awards and special awards.
B. If you will conduct a PTC, what will you include in your agenda?
C. How will you communicate the failing grade of a student to the parent?
D. What will you suggest to the parent of a student who got a failing mark twice in
the same subject?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
45
The assessment process should not stop after the final paper has been scored
and the last oral presentation has been evaluated. It is important for teachers to
evaluate each assessment after it has been administered. Doing so can help teachers
interpret the assessment results more accurately and use those result more effectively
in their instruction (Educational Testing Service). The qualitative and quantitative data
obtained from student assessments are vital. However, the gathered result will not
serve their purpose if the teacher does not know how to use the data properly. Every
school year, a transformative teacher uses the different assessment data he/she
collects to further improve his/her instruction. This best practice will ensure that
teachers also evaluate their performance and take preliminary measures to augment it.
If assessment provide information for both students and teachers, then they cannot
mark the end of the learning. Instead, assessment must be followed by high-quality,
corrective instruction designed to remedy whatever learning errors the assessment has
identified (Guskey 1997).
A. Which of the five best practices of using assessment data to improve classroom
instruction shown by your teachers is the most important? Why?
B. Which of the five ways of using assessment data to improve school programs
mentioned by the principal is the best? Why?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
46
Week 6 Term: 1st Semester: 1st Academic Year: 2020-2021
Subject Code: FS 1 Course Title: Field Study 1
MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students are able to:
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the following topics: Philosophy of Teaching, Dignity of Teaching as a Profession,
47
Professional Links with Colleagues, Professional Reflection and Learning to Improve Practice, and
Professional Development Goals
REFERENCES
Bernard, J. (2012). A place to learn. Lessons from research on learning environments. Retrieved
from UNESCO Institute for /statistics Website:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002154/215468e.pdf
Burleson, S. and Thoron, A. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its relation to learning and
achievement. UF/IFAS Extension, 495, pp. 1-3. Retrieved from:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WC/WC15900.pdf
Bickford, D.J., & Wright, D.J. (2018). Chapter 4. Community: The Hidden context for Learning:
Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-
spaces/chapter-4-community-hidden-context-learning. Date accessed: August 10, 2018
Brookfield, S.D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carnegie, Mellon University. Eberly Center. (2016). Teaching Principles. Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html
As the African proverb says, “It takes a village to raise a child.” For every learning
institution, there is a community with prevailing culture that influences the learning
environment. Bickford and Write (2018) define community as the social context of the
students and their environment that consist of people with a common purpose, shared
values, and agreement on learning goals. Community can be considered a great source
of knowledge; therefor it is important to understand its role in engaging teachers and
students in learning. Meaningful learning happens in an environment that adapts to the
context of the community. Hence, learning environment must be responsive to the
community context that requires an understanding of cultural beliefs and practices,
language, history, race, ethnicity, and perspective from different cultural backgrounds.
The following are suggested strategies to foster a learning environment that is
responsive to community context:
1. establishment of a school-community partnership to foster positive relationship
and to explore common goals that may improve school programs and policies as
well as the community;
2. promotion of cultural and traditional activities to increase the teacher’s cultural
awareness and to preserve local traditions, beliefs, and values;
3. utilization of culturally responsive teaching approaches to integrate teaching and
learning practices that are within the experience and cultural frame of students;
and
4. contextualization and localization of learning content and materials to create a
relevant and meaningful learning experience for the students.
48
C. What strategies are you going to use in order to create a culturally-responsive
learning environment?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
A 21ST century learning environment both give and gets from families and the
local community (“Partnership for 21st Century” n.d). In the Philippines, the partnership
between teacher and parents is established through the organization of a parent-
teacher association (PTA). A PTA is organized to provide a forum to discuss issues and
solutions relating to the school program, and ensure full cooperation of parents in the
implementation of such program. It is also organized to encourage coordination with
members of the community to address relevant concerned and provide support to the
school for the promotion of common interest (DepEd 2009). According to George Lucas
Foundation (cited in “Partnership for 21st Century” n.d), strong home-school connections
result in the following outcomes:
children do better in school when their parents are involved in their education.
after-school learning opportunities promote student achievement
community youth development programs spur academic development; and
school that integrates community services reduce risk and promotes resilience in
education.
49
Teacher should build a good relationship with parents and the wider community
to improve the learning environment. They must be equipped with necessary
competency in dealing with stakeholders to implement properly the school’s program
and facilitate the discussion on issues and concerns relating to the student academic
performance.
A. What are the benefits in engaging parents and members of community in the
implementation of the school programs?
B. Identify strategies that promote positive relationships with parents and members
of the community including mechanism to ensure their full support to school
programs.
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
50
The kind of teacher you are and the way that you portray yourself matters a lot to
your employer, the community, and the stakeholders. A role models, teachers are
expected to embody good ethics, which is a fundamental requirement of a profession.
Good ethics is based on moral principles and appropriate conduct that one should
observe as a professional. Pursuant to Section 6 of RA 7836, the Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers was promulgated by virtue of PRC Board Resolution No. 435,
series of 1997. In accordance with the preamble of the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers, teachers are referred to us duly licensed professionals who possess dignity
and high moral values as well as technical and professional competence in the practice
of their noble profession. They strictly adhere to, observe, a practice this set of ethical
and moral principles, standard, and values (PRC 1997). The Code of Ethics cover all
public and private school teachers in basic education, technical-vocational education, as
well as non-formal education. It articulates the professional accountability and
responsibility of teachers with the state, the community, the teaching profession, the
higher authorities in the profession, the learners, the parents, the business, and as a
person. Relatively, this set of ethical standards also serve as sufficient ground for the
imposition against the earning teacher of the disciplinary action consisting of revocation
of teacher’s license or suspension from the practice of profession (PRC,2015). The
teacher as a model should religiously practice the Code of Ethics Professional Teachers
to set a good example not only to the students but most especially in the teaching
profession and the community they serve.
B. How does the Code of Ethics influence the personal life of a teacher?
51
Reflection. Complete the following statements.
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
The whole operation of a school lies in school policies and procedures. The
school administrator and teachers should be guided with the school's policies and
adhere to the procedures and guidelines for the successful implementation of school
programs and projects. School policies and procedures help schools in establishing
rules and guidelines in the operation and implementation of schools program and
projects.it upholds the schools vision, mission, goals and objectives that serve as a
guide to school administrator, teachers, and students in their everyday life on campus.
School policies define the processes within the school including the interaction among
52
the school, learners, parents, and members of the wider community. Some of the
important factors considered in establishing a school policy are the provision for the
following:
School policies and procedures are developed at the institutional level. However,
for private schools in basic education, A set of minimum requirements is provided in the
manual of regulations for private basic education per DepEd order no.88, series of 2010
for their compliance. The manual of regulation serves as a guide for private schools in
basic education in implementing their programs to ensure that the implementation
anchored in the mandate of DepEd.
B. What is the most important aspect to consider when developing a school policy?
D. In the event that a problem occurs in the absence of school policy, what should a
teacher do to address the problem?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
53
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
A. determine the teaching philosophy that can address the needs of the 21st century learners;
B. discuss professional traits that teachers should possess;
C. discuss ways on how to link with other educators;
D. determine various ways to engage in reflective practice; and
E. determine the goals that teachers should pursue to grow professionally.
CONTENT TOPIC DISCUSSION (attached content theories/ applications and specific learning
objectives)
Chapter 7: Personal Growth and Professional Development
A. Face-to-face lecture discussion, autodidactic learning, online research for further ideas
relevant to the topic and lastly, assessment.
B. Reading and self-comprehension
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
54
D. Practical Test
ASSIGNMENT
Research on the following topics: Planning and Management of Teaching and Learning Process,
Learning Outcomes aligned with Learning Competencies, Relevance and Responsiveness of
Learning Programs, Professional Collaboration to Enrich Teaching Practice, and Teaching and
Learning Resources Including ICT
REFERENCES
Bernard, J. (2012). A place to learn. Lessons from research on learning environments. Retrieved
from UNESCO Institute for /statistics Website:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002154/215468e.pdf
Burleson, S. and Thoron, A. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its relation to learning and
achievement. UF/IFAS Extension, 495, pp. 1-3. Retrieved from:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WC/WC15900.pdf
Bickford, D.J., & Wright, D.J. (2018). Chapter 4. Community: The Hidden context for Learning:
Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-
spaces/chapter-4-community-hidden-context-learning. Date accessed: August 10, 2018
Brookfield, S.D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carnegie, Mellon University. Eberly Center. (2016). Teaching Principles. Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html
55
are of interest to the students. Since students learn better when they have interest in the
subject matter, a typical existentialist classroom will have students learning different
topics at different rates. Social recontructionism believes that schools can contribute to
solving social problems. Teachers who believe in social reconstructionism will engage
students in projects or activities that will enable them to address a social issue and
create a n impact in society (lynch 2016) In responding to the needs of the 21st century
learners, students- or learner-centered philosophy is essential so that communication,
creativity, collaboration, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills will be developed.
A. What do you think of the teaching philosophy of the teacher that you have
observed?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Teachers play a big role in the lives of students. Thus, teachers should possess
personal and professional qualities that will help students succeed in school and
develop the love for learning. Pearson (2018) conducted a study to determine the
personal qualities that students are looking for a teacher. Based on this study students
ages 15 to 19 cite the following characteristics of effective teachers: relates well with
students; nurturing, understanding and kind; knows students well: committed to the
profession; and engages students in learning in order to motivate them. In other words,
56
students are not really focused on how much knowledge the teachers can share, but
are more concerned with how teachers can connect and establish a relationship with
them. This just goes to show that when teachers are able to establish a rapport with
students, it will be easier for students to learn (Peterson-DeLuca 2016). In terms of
professional qualities, effective teachers possess the following characteristics: taking
time to listen and help students, manages class well, collaborates with other
professionals to share expertise, constantly seeks ways to grow professionally, uses
appropriate instructional methods, has mastery of content, and is decisive (Goldberg
2003). These professional qualities reveal that effective teachers go beyond the call of
duty. Teachers should continue to update self with knowledge and skills for the good of
their students.
A. What do you think are the best qualities of the teacher that you have observed?
Why?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
It is a recognized fact that teachers need to collaborate with one another in order
to grow professionally. Collaboration among teachers means working together to reflect
on practices and improve teaching (DuFour 2005). In recent years, schools have
emphasized the need for students to collaborate. In the same manner, educational
leaders have also seen the importance of collaboration in professional development
57
(Robbins and Alvy 2003). A study by Peterson in 2002 reveals that collaboration with
colleagues is more significant than short-term workshops or seminars. The reason
behind this is that short-term workshops may inspire teachers for a moment but will
have a little impact on the way they teach. However, when teachers are given the
opportunity to work together for a period of time, they establish a relationship that can
greatly impact the way they teach. When teachers share practices, reflections, and
experiences with colleagues whom they have been working with for quite some time,
they tend to learn more. Thus, conversing about professional practice is necessary as it
provides novice teachers some kind of mentoring. It also allows seasoned teachers to
renew their interest in teaching as they are given the opportunity to share their expertise
(Williams 2010). If schools do not provide opportunities for collaboration, teachers need
to look for opportunities to link with colleagues. It is important to note that before
professional relationships can be established, teachers have to forge personal
relationships with other teachers. There are various ways of connecting with colleagues.
First, find time to talk to colleagues. Second, ask them about their experiences in the
classroom. Ask for advice and listen to how they were able to address similar concerns.
Third, volunteer to work on a project with teachers. The more you engage yourself in
projects, the more you will learn not only about the working style of your colleagues but
also about lessons on commitment, passion, and hard work.
A. Do you think that linking with colleagues is important in teaching? Why? Why
not?
C. If you were the teacher, how will you collaborate with your colleagues?
Reflection. Complete the following statements.
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
58
Lesson 4. Professional Reflection and Learning to Improve Practice
People do not learn from experience unless they reflect on these experiences
(Dewy 1933). One of the way in which teachers can improve the way they teach is to
reflect on their own practice. Reflective practice is a term used when teacher study their
own experience to improve the way they teach. It is a deliberate act to think about the
past, present, and future actions in order to improve teaching (Harvey, Coulson, and
McMaugh 2016). There are various ways of reflecting on one’s practice. This can be
done using an autobiography, student evaluation, peer observation, and research
(Brookfeld 1995). Autobiography is a way of documenting practices. This can be done in
the form of journal writing, portfolio, and other form of writing that teacher can use to
reflect on their practices in the class. Students are the direct recipients of teaching.
They are in the best position to gauge how teacher perform n class and how effectively
they teach. Thus, student evaluation, which can be done formally or informally, can best
inform teachers about their practices. Peer observation can inform teacher about
practices that they need to keep and improve. Through peer observation, teacher can
learn the best pract6ces of their colleagues, ponder on their own practices, and
determine the way to improve these practices. In trying to improve their own practices,
the teacher can also resort to studying researches and theories. Teachers are guided
on how practices can be further improved based on the results of studies conducted.
B. Do you think it is necessary to evaluate one’s own practices? Why? Why not?
C. If given a choice, what do you think is the best way that you can do to help
improve your own practices?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
59
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
1. Content knowledge and its application within and across curriculum areas
2. Research – based knowledge and principles of teaching and learning
3. Positive use of ICT
4. Strategies for promoting literacy and numeracy
5. Strategies for developing critical and creative thinking, as well as other higher
order thinking skills.
6. Mother tongue, Filipino and English in teaching and learning
7. Classroom communication strategies
60
20. Learning outcome aligned with learning competences
21. Relevance and responsive of learning programs
22. Professional collaboration to enrich the Teaching practice
23. Teaching and learning resources including ICT
Processing. Read carefully and answer the following questions based on the interview
you conducted.
A. Do you think that the teacher was able to address her learning goals? Why? Why
not?
A. I realize that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. I believe that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
61
C. I feel that:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
A. Observation
B. Demonstration Teaching
C. Critiquing
A. Formative Test
B. Reflective Test
C. Summative Test
D. Practical Test
62
ASSIGNMENT
A. Submission of the portfolio.
B. Submission of the Final Exam requirement
REFERENCES
Bernard, J. (2012). A place to learn. Lessons from research on learning environments. Retrieved
from UNESCO Institute for /statistics Website:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002154/215468e.pdf
Burleson, S. and Thoron, A. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and its relation to learning and
achievement. UF/IFAS Extension, 495, pp. 1-3. Retrieved from:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WC/WC15900.pdf
Bickford, D.J., & Wright, D.J. (2018). Chapter 4. Community: The Hidden context for Learning:
Retrieved from: https://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-
spaces/chapter-4-community-hidden-context-learning. Date accessed: August 10, 2018
Brookfield, S.D. (2017). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Carnegie, Mellon University. Eberly Center. (2016). Teaching Principles. Retrieved from
https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html
Please rate the student (demonstrator) by checking the scale indicator that best describes his/her
teaching performance.
Grading Equivalent:
Scale 5 4 3 2 1
Rating 4.50 – 5.00 4.00 – 4.40 3.50 – 3.90 3.00 – 3.40 2.50 – 2.90
Percentage 95 – 100 90 – 94 85 – 89 80 – 84 75 – 79
Description Outstanding Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Fair Poor
63
11. relates the lesson to actual life situations.
12. keeps abreast of new ideas and understanding in the field.
13. gives sufficient and concrete examples to create meaningful learning
experiences.
IV. TEACHING METHODS: The demonstrator
14. uses methods that suit to the needs and capabilities of the learners.
15. adapts creatively his/her methods to the learners capabilities.
16. makes effective use of the formative assessment such as graphic
organizers, etc.
V. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: The demonstrator has a systematic way of
17. monitoring attendance, checking assignment/homework, agreement.
18. maintaining order and discipline inside the classroom.
19. placing visual aids or power point presentation to have an easy reach
during teaching.
20. give clear and definite directions as to how activity is done.
21. assessing practice exercises to check for learners understanding.
22. correcting, distributing, and collecting papers.
23. evaluating individual or group work samples or performance task.
VI. QUESTIONING SKILLS: The demonstrator stimulates discussion by
24. facilitating factual recall.
25. probing for learners deep understanding.
26. helping learners articulate their ideas and thinking process.
27. promoting risk-taking and problem solving to enhance learners reasoning
skills.
28. providing immediate and corrective feedback.
29. encouraging divergent and evaluative thinking.
30. helping learners as higher level or HOTS questions.
Note: Please give the rating to the demonstrator immediately after the demonstration for post conference.
Observed by:
64