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SCIENCE
Quarter 1- Hybrid Module 5
Ecosystem: Life Energy
Week 6

SDO Taguig City and Pateros

 Let’s Learn

The process of photosynthesis plays a vital role in the environment, in order to sustain
life. In this hybrid module, it will help you to understand the structure and function of plants
parts and organelles involved in photosynthesis and the structures and functions of
mitochondrion as the main organelle involved in respiration.
Generally, this hybrid module will help you differentiate basic features and importance
of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (S9LT-Ig-j-31).
Specifically, after going through this hybrid module you are expected to:

1. relate physical plant characteristics (chloroplasts, pigments, stomata, etc.)

to their functions.
2. differentiate Light Dependent and Light Independent Reaction in terms of the
raw materials, processes, and product.
3. explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4. describe the parts of the mitochondrion and explain how cell release energy
from food.
5. describe and explain the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain.
6. differentiate photosynthesis and respiration in terms of cell structures
involved, raw materials, product, and energy requirement.

Let’s Try

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter on the space provided before each
number.
_____1. What process takes place in the chloroplast?
a. Stroma
b. Chlorophyll
c. Photosynthesis
d. Protein Synthesis
_____2. Which of the following is TRUE about chlorophyll?
a. It is a protein.
b. Exist in the stroma.
c. Broken down into a food source.
d. Absorbs specific light wavelengths
_____3. Which of the following is NOT present in a chloroplast?
a. Stroma
b. Granum
c. Thylakoid
d. Membrane
_____4. Which of the following is/are products of the light-dependent reaction?
a. ADP
b. ATP

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 c. NADPH
d. NADPH and ATP
_____5. Which tissue carries water from the root to the leaf?
a. Phloem b. Stigma c. Stomata d. Xylem
_____6. How can high temperatures negatively affect the rate of photosynthesis?
a. Damage the chlorophyll molecules that absorb sunlight.
b. Denature the enzymes necessary for the process.
c. High temperatures are good for plants.
d. Dry out the plants.
_____7. What do plants use to absorb sunlight?
a. Stems
b. Enzymes
c. Chlorophyll
d. Carbon Dioxide
_____8. Which of the following describes the importance of the mitochondria?
a. Powerhouse of the cell
b. Conveyor of the cell
c. Center of the cell
d. Base of the cell
_____9. Which of the cell organelles is associated with the production of chemical
energy?
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum
_____10. Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. If there is no oxygen available to cells
of the human body, what becomes of pyruvate?
I. Carbon dioxide II. Lactic Acid III. Alcohol IV. ATP
a. I & II
b. II & III
c. I & III
d. II & IV
_____11. Which of these processes provides the greatest number of ATP molecules?
a. Glycolysis c. Krebs cycle
b. Electron Transport Chain d. None of the above
_____12. How many molecules of carbon dioxide is/are released from one pyruvic acid
molecule being oxidized?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
_____13. Where do light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
a. Stroma
b. Granum
c. Thylakoid
d. Chlorophyll
_____14. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
a. Forms water.
b. Releases electrons.
c. Serves as final acceptor.
d. Provides a high energy proton.
_____15. A farmer wants to increase its harvest. Which of the following conditions
should the farmer consider?
a. Amount of water c. Location of the plots
b. Kind of soil d. All of the above
Please answer these questions above online!
Just click the link below:
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 Lesson
Photosynthesis and
1 Respiration
Have you hugged a tree lately? If not, you might want to give it some thought.
You, alongside the remainder of the human population, owe your existence to plants and other
organisms that capture light. In fact, most life on Earth is feasible because the sun
provides endless supply of energy to ecosystems.

All organisms, including humans, need energy to fuel the metabolic reactions of
growth, development, and reproduction. But organisms can't use light energy directly for his
or her metabolic needs. Instead, it must first be converted into energy through the method of
photosynthesis. [2]

Let’s Recall

In the past lesson, you have learned how changes in the environment may affect
species extinction. It helps you understand how to prevent extinction of organisms in an
ecosystem.

In this hybrid module, you will learn that all organisms need energy to sustain life. Your
study will focus on how organisms obtain energy from food and how organisms produce
energy.

In order to sustain life, all organisms require energy, but not all of them can use light
energy directly for life activities. To provide the energy needed by all organisms, plants and
other chlorophyll-bearing organisms capture the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical
energy stored in the food. When people and other heterotrophic organisms eat food from
producers and consumers, chemical energy stored from food is transferred to their bodies. Do
you know what organisms are able to produce their own food? You will find it out on the next
activity.

Let’s Explore

Activity 1: Getting to know food producing organisms

Plants are great food providers. In plants, photosynthesis primarily takes place in the leaves
and little or none in stems depending on the presence of chlorophyll.

Directions: Study the cross-section of a leaf and label the parts in the box. Write its functions
on the space provided below.
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PART A: CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF

Functions:
a. ___________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________________
f. ___________________________________________________________________
g. ___________________________________________________________________

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to label the parts of the chloroplast. Write your answer
in each box.

PART B: CHLOROPLAST
4.

3. 5.

2.

1.

6.
8.

5
7.
 JUMBLED WORDS:

1. KTAHDYLOI
2. SORMTA LAAMLLEE
3. LEUMN
4. IENNR MBEMERAN
5. TOUER AMMBRNEE
6. IENTRMBEAMRNE ASPEC
7. ASOMTR
8. MGARNU

Let’s Focus and Learn More

When you get hungry, you

grab a snack from your
fridge or pantry. But what
can plants do once they get
hungry? you're probably
aware that plants need
sunlight, water, and a home
(like soil) to grow, but where
do they get their food? they
create it themselves!

Plants are called

autotrophs because they
will use energy from light to
synthesize, or make, their
own food source. many of
us believe they're “feeding” Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: How photosynthesis works
a plant once they put it in
soil, water it, or place it outside within the Sun, but none of those things are considered food.
Rather, plants use sunlight, water, and therefore the gases within the air to form glucose,
which may be a sort of sugar that plants got to survive. This process is named photosynthesis
and is performed by all plants, algae, and even some microorganisms. To perform
photosynthesis, plants need three (3) things: CO2 , water, and sunlight. [3]

If we were to write a formula for photosynthesis, it would look like this:

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2

Photosynthesis in plants involves many steps, but it can be divided into two stages:
the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane and require a
continuous supply of light energy. Chlorophylls absorb this light energy, which is converted
into chemical energy through the formation of two compounds, ATP—an energy storage
molecule—and NADPH—a reduced (electron-bearing) electron carrier. In this process, water
molecules are also converted to oxygen gas—the oxygen we breathe!

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 The Calvin cycle, also called the light-independent reactions, takes place in the
stroma and does not directly require light. Instead, the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH
from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide and produce three-carbon sugars—
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P, molecules—which join up to form glucose. [2]

Figure 2: The Light-dependent and Calvin Cycle

Credits: modified from "Overview of photosynthesis: Figure 6" by OpenStax College, Biology, CC BY 3.0

For more learning, try visiting this link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfvYQgT2M-k
Photosynthesis Light reaction, Calvin cycle, Electron Transport [3D Animation]
by McGraw-Hill Animations

Cellular Respiration is a process by which the chemical energy stored in food is

converted into usable form within the cell through an oxidation-reduction process, the loss or
gain of electrons by an atom, an ion, or a molecule. [6]

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 Figure 3: Difference between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Credit: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled-2/photosynthesis-vs-respirati.html

For more information about Cellular Respiration, try to visit this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Eo7JtRA7lg
Cellular Respiration and the Mighty Mitochondria
by Amoeba Sisters

Let’s Elaborate

Activity 2. Photosynthesis Concept Map

Directions: Complete the concept map below by referring to the word bank given.

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WORD BANK:
ATP Light dependent reaction Light independent reaction
Oxygen ATP Light energy
NADPH NADPH Thylakoid membrane
Stroma Glucose Chloroplast
Chlorophyll

ACTIVITY 3: The Mitochondria

Directions: Color and label the outer membrane (pink) and the cristae (red) on figure below.
This greatly increases the surface area of the membrane so that carbohydrates (simple
sugars) can combine with oxygen to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate (the energy
molecule of the cell). The electron transport chain takes place across the membranes of the
cristae (crista, singular). Inside the folds or cristae is a space called the matrix that contains
enzymes needed for the Kreb's Cycle. And finally, color and label the matrix yellow on figure
below.

Materials Needed:
Coloring Materials
Pen

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 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is that the energy molecule employed by all cells to try
to do work. It is a nucleotide consisting of a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, thymine,
cytosine, or guanine), a 5- carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups. ATP is in a position to
store and transport energy within cells. The last two (2) phosphate groups (PO 4), are joined
by HIGH-ENERGY bonds. When these bonds are broken, energy is released for cells to use
and ADP forms. Enzymes help to interrupt and reform these high-energy bonds. [4]

Q1. What does ATP stand for?

Q2. What makes up an ATP molecule?

Let’s Remember

ACTIVITY 4: Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Complete each statement by writing the correct word/s from the space provided
to each number.
1. The light _______________ reactions occur in thylakoid membranes.
2. Carbon dioxide is used to make sugars in the light _______________ reactions.
3. The light-independent reactions are also called the _______________.
4. _______________ spins to provide the energy for adding a phosphate group to ADP.
5. Electron _______________ move high-energy electrons between photosystems.
6. An animal that obtains food by eating other organisms is called a(n) _____________.

Let’s Apply

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You have been through several activities on how plants manufacture their own food and how
the cycle go. This time kindly answer the question thoroughly.

QUESTION TO PONDER:
Photosynthesis plays an important role in
supplying energy to living things. Considering what the
products of photosynthesis are, what is another way in
which photosynthesis is vital to life?
Your answer:
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

Let’s Evaluate

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. What type of organisms go through photosynthesis?
A. Animal
B. Plants
C. Animal and plants
D. All species on Earth
2. What does the sun provide for plants?
A. Sugar
B. Water
C. Light energy
D. Carbon dioxide
3. Which part of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
A. Leaf
B. Stem
C. Roots
D. All parts of the plant
4. Which of the following is/are products of the light-independent reaction?
A. ADP b. ATP c. NADPH d. NADPH and ATP
5. Photosynthesis can be described using the chemical equation
A. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
B. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
C. 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (sunlight) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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 D. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (sunlight)
6. In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy
D. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces
carbon dioxide.
7. Which process may take place without the presence of oxygen during cellular
respiration?
A. Glycolysis
B. Citric acid cycle
C. Pyruvate oxidation
D. Oxidative phosphorylation
8. What happens to a glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
A. It dissolved with water and forms sugar
B. It dissolved with water and forms carbon dioxide
C. It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water
D. It breaks down into carbon dioxide and sugar
9. Why is cellular respiration important?
A. It is the process by which cells in plants break down sugar and turn it into
energy, which is then used to perform work at the cellular level.
B. It is the process by which cells in animals break down sugar and turn it into
energy, which is then used to perform work at the cellular level.
C. It is the process by which cells in plants and animals combine sugar and
energy, which is then used to perform work at the cellular level.
D. It is the process by which cells in plants and animals break down sugar
and turn it into energy, which is then used to perform work at
the cellular level.
10. What are the products of cellular respiration?
A. ATP and water
B. ATP and carbon dioxide
C. Carbon dioxide and water
D. ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
11. What are the two types of cellular respiration?
A. Aerobic and microbic
B. Aerobic and anaerobic
C. Anaerobic and hydrophobic
D. Microbic and anaerobic

12. Which process is best illustrated by the diagram?

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 A. Digestion
B. Fermentation
C. Photosynthesis
D. Cellular respiration
13. Which of the following is an example of a pigment?
A. Chlorophyll
B. NADPH
C. Pyruvate
D. Sucrase
14. Why do most plants appear green?
A. It is because chlorophyll traps green light
B. It is because chlorophyll reflects violet light
C. It is because chlorophyll absorbs green light
D. It is because chlorophyll does not absorb green light
15. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis considered as opposite
processes?
A. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
B. Photosynthesis absorbs energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
C. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular
respiration puts it back.
D. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular
respiration puts it back.

Please answer these questions above online!

Just click the link below:
https://forms.gle/LWsYX5474Nt8Yb597

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 Let’s Extend

Directions: Complete the process found on the diagram below.

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References

[1] Science 9 Leaner’s Module

[2] https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/introduction-to-
stages-of-photosynthesis/a/intro-to-photosynthesis

[3] https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/what-photosynthesis

[4]https://www.svsd.net/cms/lib5/PA01001234/Centricity/Domain/928/Key%20for%20Chloro
plasts%20and%20Mitochondria%20intro%20packet.pdf

[5] https://www.exploringnature.org/db/view/48

[6] Espino, Ma. Florinda M. et. Al, Science and Technology 9 Second Edition. Abiva
Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City (2020)

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: RHAY JHON S. DECIPULO, TI - PDMHS

Editors: MARY GRACE F. BUMANLAG, MT I
Content Evaluators: MINERVA M. CONTRERAS, MT II
JANETH G. MAMANSAG, MT II
ROBEEMANE B. BALISI, T III
JENNY G. BELZA, T II
AGAPE GRACE D. RIVEZA, T II &
MARY ANNE G. CAMBA, T I
Language Evaluator:
Reviewer: RENAVIL J. SARIL, T III
Illustrator: VICTOR G. TALEON
Layout Artist: VICTOR G. TALEON
HYBRID MODULE TEAM VALIDATORS:
JHS Team Leader/Facilitator: DR. MELEDA H. POLITA, SDS (Ret.)
School Head In-Charge: DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ, Principal IV
Content Validator/Editor: JAYAR E. LONGASA, MT – I-WBNHS
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO, EPS – Science
DR DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Telefax: 8384251
Email Address: [email protected]

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