Assignment 2

Paper Code: CE(ES)401

Paper Name: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
MODULE - I

1.Calculate the dynamic viscosity of an oil, which is used for lubrication between a square
plate of size 0.8 m x 0.8 m and an inclined plane with angle of inclination 30 as shown in
Fig.. The weight of the square plate is 300 N and it slides down the inclined plane with a
uniform velocity of 0.3 m/s. The thickness of oil film is 1.5 mm.

2. The space between two square flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of the plate is
60 cm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The upper plate, which moves at 2.5 metre
per see requires a force of 98.1 N to maintain the speed. Determine:
(i) the dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise, and
(ii) the kinematic viscosity of the 'oil in stokes if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.95.
4.Write on a short on :Capillarity and surface tension.
3. Two large plane surfaces are 2.4 cm apart. The space between the surfaces is filled with
glycerine. What force is required to drag a very thin plate of surface area 0.5 square metre
between the two large plane surfaces at a speed of 0.6 m/s, if:
(i) the thin plate is in the middle of the two plane surfaces, and
(ii) the thin plate is at a distance of 0.8 cm from one of the plane surfaces ? Take the dynamic
viscosity of glycerine 8.10 x 10 N/m².

4. A vertical gap 2.2 cm wide of infinite extent contains a fluid of viscosity 2.0 N s/m² and
specific gravity 0.9. A metallic plate 1.2 m x 1.2 m x 0.2 cm is to be lifted up with a constant
velocity of 0.15 m/sec, through the gap. If the plate is in the middle of the gap, find the force
required. The weight of the plate is 40 N.
MODULE - II

1. Define the terms on:Center of buoyancy and meta center height

2.What are the conditions of equilibrium of a floating and submerged bodies.
3. A uniform body of size 3 m long x2 m wide x 1 m deep floats in water. What is the weight
of the body if depth of immersion is 0.8 m ? Determine the meta-centric height also.

4. Find out the differential reading 'h' of an inverted U-tube manometer containing oil of
specific gravity 0.7 as the manometric fluid when connected across pipes A and B as shown
in Fig. below, conveying liquids of specific gravities 1.2 and 1.0 and immiscible with
manometric fluid. Pipes A and B are located at the same level and assume the pressures at A
and B to be equal.

5. A differential manometer is connected at the two points A and B as shown in Fig. below.
At B air pressure is 7.848 N/cm² (abs.), find the absolute pressure at A.
6. A body has the cylindrical upper portion of 3 m diameter and 1.8 m deep. The lower
portion is a curved one, which displaces a volume of 0.6 m³ of water. The centre of buoyancy
of the curved portion is at a distance of 1.95 m below the top of the cylinder. The centre of
gravity of the whole body is 1.20 m below the top of the cylinder. The total displacement of
water is 3.9 tonnes. Find the meta-centric height of the body.

MODULE - III

1. Write a short notes on :

a. Turbulent flows
b. Compressible and incompressible flows
c. Rotational and irrotational flow
2. A stream function is given by ψ= 5x - 6y. Calculate the velocity components and also
magnitude and direction of the resultant velocity at any point.

3. Water flows through a pipe AB 1.2 m diameter at 3 m/s and then passes through a pipe BC
1.5 m diameter. At C, the pipe branches. Branch CD is 0.8 m in diameter and carries one-
third of the flow in AB. The flow velocity in branch CE is 2.5 m/s. Find the volume rate of
flow in AB, the velocity in BC, the velocity in CD and the diameter of CE.
4. A pipe (1) 450 mm in diameter branches into two pipes (2) and (3) of diameters 300 mm
and 200 mm. respectively as shown in Fig. 5.57. If the average velocity in 450 mm diameter
pipe is 3 m/s, find: (i) discharge through 450 mm dia. pipe and (ii) velocity in 200 mm
diameter pipe if the average velocity in 300 mm pipe is 2.5 m/s.

MODULE - IV

1. What are the assumptions of Bernoulli equation?

2. A pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87, changes in diameter from 200 mm diameter
at a position A to 500 mm diameter at a position B which is 4 metres at a higher level. If the
pressures at A and B are 9.81 N/cm2 and 5.886 N/cm² determine the loss of head and
direction of flow. respectively and the discharge is 200 litres/s
3. Find the velocity of the flow of an oil through a pipe, when the difference of mercury level
in a differential U-tube manometer connected to the two tappings of the pitot-tube is 100 mm.
Take co-efficient of pitot-tube 0.98 and sp. gr. of oil = 0.8.

4. A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm is used to

measure the flow of water. The pressure at inlet is 17.658 N/cm² and the vacuum pressure at
the throat is 30 cm of mercury. Find the discharge of water through venturimeter. Take
𝐶𝑑 =0.98.

5. A 30 cm x 15 cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of specific

gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section and
entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 cm. The differential U-tube mercury manometer
shows a gauge deflection of 25 cm. Calculate:
(i) the discharge of oil, and
(ii) the pressure difference between the entrance section and the throat section. Take the co-
efficient of discharge as 0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 13.6.

6. An orifice meter with orifice diameter 10 cm is inserted in a pipe of 20 cm diameter. The

pressure gauges fitted upstream and downstream of the orifice meter gives readings of 19.62
N/cm2 and 9.81 N/cm² respectively. Co-efficient of discharge for the orifice meter is given as
0.6. Find the discharge of water through pipe.

MODULE - V

1. Explain with example on Dimensional Homogeneity.

2. Write short note on Buckingham’s pi theorem.
3. The efficiency η of a fan depends on density ρ, dynamic viscosity μ of the fluid, angular
velocity ω, diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q. Express n in terms of dimensionless
parameters
4. The pressure differenceΔp in a pipe of diameter D and length l due to turbulent flow
depends on the velocity V, viscosity μ and density ρ. Using Buckingham's theorem, obtain an
expression for Δp.
MODULE - VI
1. What are major and minor energy losses in pipe?
2. An oil of sp. gr. 0:7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at the rate of 500
litres/s. Find the head lost due to friction and power required to maintain the flow for a length
of 1000 m. Take v = .29 stokes.
3. Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe of diameter 200 mm at a velocity of 3 m/s. A
circular solid plate of diameter 150 mm is placed in the pipe to obstruct the flow. Find the
loss of head due to obstruction in the pipe if 𝐶𝑐 = 0.62.

4. A horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm is suddenly contracted to a diameter of 250 mm.

The pressure intensities in the large and smaller pipe is given as 13.734 N/cm² and 11.772
N/cm² respectively. Find the loss of head due to contraction if 𝐶𝑐 0.62. Also determine the
rate of flow of water

5. A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and discharges
freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For the first 25 m of its length from the tank, the
pipe is 150 mm diameter and its diameter is suddenly enlarged to 300 mm. The height of
water level in the tank is 8 m above the centre of the pipe. Considering all losses of head
which occur, determine the rate of flow. Take f= .01 for both sections of the pipe.

MODULE - VII

1. Three pipes of lengths 800 m, 500 m and 400 m and of diameters 500 mm, 400 mm and
300 mm respectively are connected in series. These pipes are to be replaced by a single pipe
of length 1700 m. Find the diameter of the single pipe.
2. A main pipe divides into two parallel pipes which again forms one pipe as shown in
Fig.below. The length and diameter for the first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1.0 m
respectively, while the length and diameter of 2nd parallel pipe are 2000 m and 0.8 m. Find
the rate of flow in each parallel pipe, if total flow in the main is 3.0 m³/s. The co-efficient of
friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal to .005.
3. Write a short note on pipe network.
4. Two sharp ended pipes of diameters 50 mm and 100 mm respectively, each of length 100
m are connected in parallel between two reservoirs which have a difference of level of 10 m.
If the co-efficient of friction for each pipe is (4f) 0.32, calculate the rate of flow for each pipe
and also the diameter of a single pipe 100 m long which would give the same discharge, if it
were substituted for the original two pipes.

5. Three pipes of 400 mm, 200 mm and 300 mm diameters have lengths of 400 m,200 m, and
300 m respectively. They are connected in series to make a compound pipe. The ends of this
compound pipe are connected with two tanks whose difference of water levels is 16 m. If co-
efficient of friction for these pipes is same and equal to 0.005, determine the discharge
through the compound pipe neglecting first the minor losses and then including them.

MODULE - VIII

1. Two jets strike the buckets of a Pelton wheel, which is having shaft power as 15450 kW.
The diameter of each jet is given as 200 mm. If the net head on the turbine is 400 m, find the
overall efficiency of the turbine. Take 𝐶𝑣 = 1.0
2. Write short notes a)Pelton Wheel turbine b) Radial flow reaction turbine c)Francis turbine
3. Differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pump with neat sketches.
4.Write short notes on a)Propeller turbine and b)Kaplan turbine