TEST 17

Problem 613:
The maximum flux density in the core of a 3000/240-V, 50 Hz single-phase distribution transformer is
1.25 Tesla. If the voltage induced per turn is 8 volts, determine the cross sectional of the core in cm.

A. 292
B. 375
C. 288
D. 362

Problem 614:
The net cross section of a transformer is 20 square inches. The maximum flux density is 11
kilogausses. The frequency is 60 Hz. If there are 1,000 turns in the primary, determine the primary
induced emf.

A. 3780V
B. 3945 V
C. 3590V
D. 3850V

Problem 615:
Calculate the total magnetic flux in a 60-cycle transformer in which the induced emf per turr. of the
winding is equal to 2 V.

A. 7.50mWb
B. 7.02mWb
C. 7.50mWb
D. 7.42mWb

Problem 616:
The low side of a certain welding transformer has 2 tums and delivers 300 A. If the high voltage side
has 30 turns, how much current flows through it?

A. 10A
B. 12A
C. 20A
D. 15A

Problem 617: EE Board April 1997

has 1,500 turns in the primary and a voltage regulation of 8%. What should be the number of turns in
the secondary winding?

A. 88 tums
B. 92 tums
C. 90 turns
D. 86 tums
Problem 618:
The current densities in the primary and secondary windings of a step down transformation is 10:1
and the mean length per tum of the primary is 15% greater the resistance of the secondary windings.

A. 0.202 ohm
B. 0.219 ohm
C. 0.209 ohm
D. 0.220 ohm

Problem 619: EE Board April 1991

A certain transformer has a ratio of 8 is to 1. The primary winding resistance is 0.00283 ohm per turn
and has 1155 more turns than the secondary winding. If the copper losses in the primary is 20% less
than in the secondary, find resistance of the secondary winding.

A. 0.073 ohm
B. 0.090 ohm
C. 0.068 ohm
D. 0.084 ohm

Problem 620: EE Board October 1991

A 10 kVA, 2400/240-V.single-phase transformer has the following resistances and reactances: Find
the primary voltage required to produce 240 V at the secondary terminals at full load, when the power
factor is 0.8 lagging.

A. 2450V
B. 2572V
C. 2496 V
D. 2632V

Problem 621:
A 10-kVA, 2,000/400 V, single-phase distribution transformer has a primary and 0.45 ohms,
respectively. Calculate the voltage across the secondary terminals at full load,80% power factor
lagging, when the primary is supplied with 2,000 volts?

A. 400V
B. 394V
C. 385V
D. 379V

Problem 622: EE Board April 1983

A single-phase transformer rated 75 kVA, 8000 volts primary 240 volts secondary, is given the short
circuit test. With the secondary terminals short-circuited, 440 volts (60 Hz) is impressed on the
primary, which then draws rated current and 1125 watts. Solve for the percentage impedance of the
transformer.

A. 5.29%
B. 4.93%
C. 5.50%
D. 5.13%
Problem 623: EE Board April 1993
A short circuit test was performed upon a 10-kVA, 2300/230 volt transformer with the following
results: Calculate in primary terms the reactance of the transformer.

A. A.31.56 ohms
B. 29.88 ohms
C. 10.19 ohms
D. 12.45 ohms

Problem 624: EE Board October 1984

A single-phase, 25 kVA, 4800/240 volt transformer was given a short circuit tests: With the secondary
terminals short-circuited, 93.75 volts was applied on the primary so that the ammeter reads rated
current and the wattmeter reads 162.74watts, all on the primary side. Solve for the percentage
resistance of the transformer.

A. 1.95%
B. 3.39%
C. 3.02%
D. 2.23%

Problem 625: EE Board April 1990

The following data were obtained when a short circuit test was performed upon a 100 kVA, 2400/240
volts distribution transformer: Esc = 72 volts; Isc = 41.6 A;Psc = 1,180 W. All instruments are on the
high side during the short circuit test. Calculate the equivalent resistance and reactance of the
transformer.

A. 0.682 ohm, 1.59 ohms

B. 0.682 ohm, 1.73 ohms
C. 0.752 ohm, 1.73 ohms
D. 0.752 ohm,1.59 ohms

Problem 626: EE Board March 1998

A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA three-phase transformer has 5% impedance. What is the impedance in
ohms referred to the primary?

A. 0.952 ohm
B. 0.03 ohm
C. 5.125 ohms
A. D.9.01 ohms

Problem 627
A short circuit test was performed on a 20 kVA, 2000/200 V single-phase transformer. With the
secondary winding short circuited, full load current flows in the primary winding with 100 V applied on
it. The wattmeter connected in the primary read 300 W. Determine the terminal voltage on full load
unity pf.

A. 198.6V
B. 193.4V
C. 196.7V
D. 195.2V
Problem 628: EE Board April 1990
The following data were obtained when a short circuit test was performed upon a 100 kVA, 2400/240
volts distribution transformer: Esc = 72 volts; Isc = 41.6 A;Psc = 1,180 W. All instruments are on the
high side during the short circuit test. Calculate the percent regulation at a power factor of 0.75
lagging.

A. 2.54%
B. 2.86%
C. 2.62%
D. 2.71%

Problem 629: EE Board October 1992

A 200-kVA transformer with impedance of 5% and the power factor of the loais 85%. The primary
voltage is 6,000 volts while the copper loss is 5 kW. Find the percentage regulation.

A. A.5.03%
B. 5.21%
C. C.443%
D. D 4.03%

Problem 630:
A 150 kVA, three-phase transformer supplies 100 kVA at 50% lagging power factor. The
transformer's winding impedance is 2% resistance and 5% reactance,based on 150 kVA. Determine
the voltage regulation of the transformer at this load.Assume 100% voltage.

A. 3.55%
B. 5.33%
C. 4.24%
D. 4.05%

Problem 631: EE Board April 1993

A short circuit test was performed upon a 10-kVA, 2300/230 volt transformer with the following
results: Calculate the percent regulation at a lagging power factor of 0.707.

A. 5.28%
B. 5.55%
C. 5.37%
A. D.5.72%

Problem 632:
A 100 kVA, 6600/600 V,60 Hz single-phase transformer operating at rated condition has the following
losses: hysteresis loss = 520 W; eddy current loss =370W and copper loss = 2000 W. If this
transformer is to be used on a 50 Hz system,determine its new kVA rating. Assume the same total
losses and maximum core flux.

A. 83.8
B. 94.3
C. 87.4
D. 91.8
Problem 633:
When 120 V,60 Hz is applied to the primary winding of a transformer, the core loss is 240 W. When
50 V, 25 Hz is applied the core loss is 50 W. Determine the core loss when 230 V,50 Hz is applied to
the primary winding.

A. 703.5W
B. 942.6W
C. 863.6W
A. D.874.7W

Problem 634:
The eddy current and hysteresis losses of a 4,400-V, 60-Hz single-phase distribution transformer are
280 and 560 watts, respectively. Determine the core loss when the transformer is connected across a
4,600-volt, 50-Hz source.

A. 977W
B. 983W
C. 994 W
D. 967 W

Problem 635: EE Board October 1992

In a 449 V, 50 c/s transformer, the total iron loss is 2500 W. When the supplied p.d is 220 V at 25
c/s, the corresponding loss is 850 W. Calculate the eddy current loss at normal frequency and p.d.

A. 2337 W
B. 2165W
C. 2010W
D. 2216 W

Problem 636:
When a 220 V, 60 Hz is impressed on a certain transformer at no load, the total core loss is 200 W.
When the frequency of the impressed voltage is changed to 25Hz and the magnitude of the voltage is
made such as to maintain the same maximum flux density as before, the core loss falls to 75 W.
Calculate the hysteresis lòsses at 60 Hz.

A. 163W
B. 166 W
C. 171W
D. 169W

Problem 637:
A 100-kVA, 4160/230 V, 60 Hz single-phase transformer has percentage impedance of 1.75 +j 4.0.
Its efficiency when operating at rated conditions at 75% pf lagging is 97%. Determine the efficiency, if
the transformer is loaded at rated load and voltage but at 50 Hz. Assume the ratio of eddy current
losses to hysteresis losses at 60 Hz to be 2.5.

A. 97.13%
B. 96.97%
A. C.97.61%
C. 96.42%
Problem 638:
The full load copper loss of a 75 kVA single-phase transformer is thrice the iron losses. At half load
unity pf, the efficiency is 97%. Determine the full load efficiency at 0.8 pf lagging.

A. 95.77%
B. 98.45%
C. 94.78%
D. 97.86%

Problem 639: EE Board April 1990

A 50 kVA, 2300/230 volt, 60-cycle transformer is tested in the laboratory so that its characteristics
maybe determined. The standard test requires an open circuit test and short circuit test.
Open circuit test Short circuit test
Determine the efficiency of the transformer at half load, unity pf.

A. 97.55%
B. 98.70%
C. 98.45%
D. 97.80%

Problem 640:
The iron loss of a 25-kVA, 60 Hz single-phase distribution transformer is 1% of the rated output at
unity power factor and the full load copper loss is 360 W. Determine the efficiency when operating
one half of the rated output at 70% power factor lagging.

A. 95.33%
B. 97.82%
C. 94.24%
D. 96.26%

Problem 641: EE Board April 1992

Given that full load copper losses are exactly twice the iron losses in a 50-kVA transformer, and that
the quarter load efficiency is 96.5%. Calculate the full load efficiency at unity power factor.

A. 97.48%
B. 98.12
C. 97.64%
D. 96.25%

Problem 642:
A 15 kVA, 2300/230-volt transformer is under test. With the low side supplied with rated voltage and
the high side open circuited, input power through a wattmeter reads 245 W. With the high side
supplied with 65 V while the low side short circuited, input power at rated current reads 350 W.
Determine the maximum efficiency that can be expected from this transformer at unity pf.

A. 97.29%
B. 96.25%
C. 97.83%
D. 98.21%
Problem 643:
A 10-KVA, 2300/230 transformer has an equivalent resistance referred to the secondary winding of
0.05 ohm. The core loss of this transformer is 75 W. At what kVA load will this transformer operate at
maximum efficiency?

A. 8.17 kVA
B. 9.08 kVA
C. 9.32 kVA
D. 8.90 kVA

Problem 644: EE Board April 1995

The core loss of a 5 kVA single-phase transformer with normal voltage applied to the primary is 75
watts. The maximum efficiency occurs at 60% of full load kVA. What is the full load efficiency of the
transformer at 0.80 power factor?

A. 95.16%
B. 93.38%
C. 89.52%
D. 91.36%

Problem 645:
A 100-kVA transformer has 94% efficiency at full load and at 50% full load with unity pf in both cases.
Determine the maximum efficiency of the transformer at unity pf load.

A. 96.27%
B. 95.68%
C. 93.44%
D. 94.32%

Problem 646:
A 100 kVA transformer has a maximum efficiency of 98% at 10% underload and at unity pf.
Evaluate the efficiency at quarter load, 0.80 pf lagging.

A. 96.3%
B. 95.3%
C. 94.7%
D. 97.7%

Problem 647:
A 1 MVA,.66/11 kV,60 Hz transformer has an equivalent series impedance of 1.0+j5 ohms referred to
the low voltage side and a no-load loss of 5500 watts at rated terminal voltage. What is the maximum
efficiency at 0.8 pf lagging?

A. 98.34%
B. 97.42%
C. 98.02%
D. 96.38%
Problem 648:
The all day efficiency of a 10 kVA single-phase transformer is 94.7% when loaded as follows: full load
unity pf for 4 hours and no load the rest of the day. If the full load copper loss at unity pf is 400 watts,
calculate the core loss.

A. 75 k
B. 70 kW
C. 72kW
D. 78 kW

Problem 649: EE Board October 1980, EE Board October 1982

A 25 kVA distribution transformer operates at 20% overload, 0.3 pf lagging for 1hour; at full load, 0.9
lagging pf for 3 hours; 50% load at unity pf for 8 hours; and 10% load at 0.8 leading pf for the rest of
the day. If core loss is 150 watts and full load copper loss is 500 W, what is the all day efficiency of
the transformer?

A. 94.23%
B. 92.86%
C. 97.14%
D. 96.68%

Problem 650: EE Board October 1990.

Find the all-day efficiency of a transformer having a maximum efficiency of 98percent at 15 kVA at
unity pf and loaded as follows:

12 hours 2 kW at 0.5 pf lagging

6 hours 12 kW at 0.8 pf lagging
6 hours at no-load

A. 95.3%
B. 91.7%
C. 94.6%
D. 93.3%

Problem 651: EE Board October 1991

A 30 kVA 2400/240 V, 60 Hz transformer has a full load power of unity over the period of 24 hours.
The maximum efficiency is 95% and it occurs at full load.Calculate the all-day efficiency if loaded as
follows:
6 hours at full load 6 hours at quarter load

A. 91.53%
B. 92.45
C. 90.37%
D. 93.86%
Problem 652: EE Board October 1991, EE Board April 1994
A 1000 kVA, 6,600 /400 volts 60 cycle single phase core type transformer has the following average
daily load:
Full load at 0.8 pf for 8 hours
Calculate the ratio of full load copper loss to the iron loss for the transformer to be most economical
for the above loading.

A. 2.0
B. 3.0
C. 2.17
D. 2.28

Problem 653:
The full load copper loss and iron loss of a 75 kVA transformer are equal to 1kW. During a given day,
the transformer is loaded as follows: full load at unity pf for 8hours, one-half load at unity for 8 hours
and no-load the rest of the day. Calculate the all day efficiency.

A. 96.36%
B. 97.23%
C. 96.47%
D. 98.32%

Problem 654:

A 6.9 kV/600 V, multi-tap, single-phase distribution transformer is connected to the far end of a
distribution line for which the rear end voltage is maintained at 6.9kV. The equivalent impedance of
the transformer referred to low voltage side is 0.05+ j0.25 Ω per phase. The impedance of each line is
1+ j2 Ω. It is required to maintain a terminal voltage of 600 V when the line current of 300 A at 80% pf
lagging is delivered to the load. What approximate percentage tapping is required in the primary side?
Neglect changes in impedance due to changes in turns ratio.

A. 94%
B. 92%
C. 90%
A. D.88%

Problem 655:
A 60 Hz alternator generates a single-phase voltage of 120 V and has a reactance of 0.25 ohm. The
alternator feeds a line, which is essentially resistive with an impedance of 0.1 ohm. The line is
terminated with a 2:1 step up transformer.What should be the load impedance to be connected to the
secondary side to have maximum power transfer to it?

A. 0.5 + j 1.2
B. 0.4 - j 1.0
C. 0.5 – j 1.2
D. 0.4 + j 1.0
Problem 656:

windings of 125 turns and 36 turns. The 125-turn secondary winding has 60 ohms to its terminals. If
the primary is connected to a 120-V, 60 Hz source, determine the current in the primary windings.

A. 0.332A
B. 0.412 A
C. 0.235 A
D. 0.257 A

Problem 657:
A 3-phase, 60 Hz transformer has primary, secondary and tertiary windings.The primary winding is
delta connected and rated 6,600 V. The secondary winding is delta connected and rated 1000 V. The
tertiary winding is wye connected and rated 440 V. If the secondary winding has a 3-phase balanced
load of 100 kVA at 80% pf lagging and the tertiary winding has a balanced 3-phase load of 50 kW at
unity pf,what is the current in the primary winding and its operating pf?

A. 12.52 A,0.908
B. 7.23 A,0.902
C. 12.52 A,0.902
D. 7.23 A,0.908

Problem 658:
A 20-kVA, 500-V load is to be supplied by an ideal step-up autotransformer from a 400-V source.
Find the current in the common winding.

A. A.30A
B. 40A
C. C.50A
D. None of these

Problem 659:
The two windings of a 10-kVA, 2300/230 volt, distribution transformer is difference from a 2300-volt
line. Determine its kVA rating as an ideal autotransformer, operating in the above conditions.

A. 10kVA
B. 100 kVA
C. 110 kVA
D. None of these

Problem 660:
A 10 kVA, 440/110 volt, single phase transformer has an efficiency of 96% at a rated load of unity
power factor. The full load copper loss is 250 watts. If this transformer is to be converted as a
550/440 volt autotransformer, determine its efficiency when supplying full load at 85% power factor.

A. 99.25%
B. 99.03%
C. 97.45%
D. 98.61%