Ef6b HDT HRD Edu Skill Pcb11

PILLAR#6B-EDUCATION, SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Table of Contents
📐
62 HRD → Education (शिक्षा)......................................................................................................... 1110
62.1.1 School Dropout...................................................................................................................... 1111
62.1.2 🧑‍🏫Teacher to Student Ratio.................................................................................................. 1112
62.1.3 📐 Edu →🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Human Resource Development/Education . .1113
62.1.4 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training .....1114
62.1.5 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → CBSE: Central Board of Secondary Education ( 1929 ) ke functions ..1114
62.1.6 NIOS: - National Institute of Open Schooling (1989).......................................................1114
62.1.7 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Higher Edu → HEFA (2016)..................................................................1115
62.1.8 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Vedic Edu → Bharatiya Shiksha Board.................................................1115
62.1.9 📐🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Notable Schools funded by Union...................................................1115
62.2 👨‍🏫📯🧔New education policy 2020 (नई शिक्षा नीति)....................................................................1116
62.2.1 ✍️NEP-2020: Introduction (परिचय)......................................................................................1116
62.2.2 🏫Education: Schooling → Curriculum changed (स्कू ली पाठ्यक्रम में बदलाव)........................1116
62.2.3 👱‍♂️Education: Primary- other reforms (प्राथमिक शिक्षा में सुधार)...............................................1117
62.2.4 👱‍♂️Education: Primary- ECCE upto age 8...........................................................................1118
62.2.5 🈶Education: Language / Medium (भाषा /माध्यम)................................................................1118
62.2.6 📐📯🧔 PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI-2022)....................................................1119
62.2.7 🈶 Education: Vocational Education..................................................................................1119
62.2.8 👩‍🎓Education: Higher (उच्च शिक्षा).......................................................................................... 1119
62.2.9 👩‍🎓Education: Higher → Credit (गुण आधारित शिक्षा).............................................................1120
62.2.10 👩‍🎓Education: Higher → Entry & Exit (प्रवेश और प्रस्थान)....................................................1121
62.2.11 👩‍🎓🕵Education: Higher → New Orgs → HECI.............................................................1121
62.2.12 👛 UGC-allocation cut by >50% in Interim-Budget-2024:............................................1122
62.2.13 👩‍🎓🕵️‍♀️Education: Higher → New Orgs → Others...........................................................1122
62.2.14 👨‍👴🦽Education: Adult/PH (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा और विकलांग शिक्षा).................................................1122
62.2.15 👩‍💻Education: Open/Distance/E-Learning (दूर - शिक्षण/ई शिक्षा)........................................1123
62.2.16 📊🔠Assessment of students (छात्रों का मूल्यांकन)..................................................................1123
62.2.17 📊🕵️‍♀️Assessment of students: bodies (मूल्यांकन/परीक्षा के लिए सं स्थाएं )....................................1123
62.2.18 👨🏻‍🎓📊 HPC Report card by NCERT / Parakh....................................................................1124
(Batch: PCB11-RAFTAAR-Prelims-ONLY) Mrunal’s Economy Pillar#6B HRD: Edu, Skill → Page 1107
62.2.19 📊🏫Assessment of schools (स्कू लों का आकलन)....................................................................1124
62.2.20 👩‍🏫Teachers recruitment and training (शिक्षकों की भर्ती और तालीम)......................................1124
62.2.21 👩‍🏫🤑NEP-2020: Funding (शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए वित्तपोषण)...........................................................1125
62.2.22 👩‍🏫👿 NEP-2020: Criticism (नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति के खिलाफ आलोचना/निंदा)..............................1125
62.2.23 ✍️NEP-2020: Conclusion (शिक्षा नीति के बारे में निष्कर्ष)..........................................................1125
62.3 👩‍🏫🤳PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education (2020-Jul)...............................................1126
62.4 📐😋🍽📯🧔 Edu → Std1-8 → Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDM-2001-2020).........................1126
62.5 📐😋🍽📯🧔 Edu → Std1-8 → PM Poshan (2021-2026)........................................................1127
62.6 📐📯🧔 Edu → Std1-8 → Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA-2001)............................................1128
62.6.1 📐📯🧔Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) → Notable Subscheme / Programs....................1128
62.7 📐📯🧔 Edu → Std. 9-12 → RMSA (2009) माध्यमिक शिक्षा.........................................................1129
62.7.1 👻🤧😷📉📚CBSE: Syllabus reduction (पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती)..................................................1130
62.8 📐📯🧔 Edu → Std. Jr.KG to 12: Samagra Shiksha scheme (2018)........................................1131
62.8.1 👨‍🏫 2019: NISHTHA scheme for Teachers training (2019)...............................................1131
62.8.2 Samagra Siksha → DIKSHA Portal for E-learning............................................................1131
62.8.3 👨‍🏫 Samagra Shiksha: Notable components/ initiatives.....................................................1132
62.9 🕌 Madrassa Education............................................................................................................ 1132
62.9.1 → Madrassa → Union govt funding..................................................................................1132
62.9.2 🕌 Madrassa → Assam madrassas converted into middle English (ME) schools.........1133
62.10 → Scholarship for Class9-12 → NMMSS and NSIGSE.........................................................1133
62.11 Edu ( 📐📊) → Rankings for School Education......................................................................1134
62.11.1 Annual Status of Education Report ASER Report by NGO Pratham............................1134
62.11.2 Education reports- Misc..................................................................................................... 1134
62.12 📐🤦‍♂️:🧔 Edu → no detention policy & RTE Amendment 2019............................................1134
62.12.1 👩🏻‍⚖️ 📐🤦‍♂️:🧔 RTE amendments - 25% quota vs State rules to avoid it vs Bombay HC.1135
62.12.2 📐🤦‍♂️:🧔 RTE amendments - other................................................................................... 1135
62.12.3 🎓Edu → CBSE Class12 Result 30:30:40 formula...........................................................1136
62.13 📐🔠💯🧔 Edu → National testing agency (NTA) & NEET..................................................1136
62.13.1 📐 Edu → Libraries in 👛Budget-2023 for children and teenagers. .............................1137
62.14 📐 Edu → Higher Edu: Colleges & Uni. (उच्चतर शिक्षा).............................................................1137
62.14.1 👨🏻‍🎓Higher Edu → RUSA renamed as PM USHA (2024).................................................1137
62.14.2 Higher Education other schemes.......................................................................................1137
62.14.3 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Number of institutes as per 📙ES23....................................1138
62.14.4 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking by Education Ministry...........................................1138
62.14.5 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking : Misc........................................................................1138
62.15 → Edu → Portals/Apps/Orgs → Post-Corona..........................................................1139
62.16 📐🤳 Edu → Misc. portals / initiatives (Before Corona).......................................................1140
62.16.1 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: School infra/result monitoring........................................................1140
62.16.2 📐🤳 Edu → SWAYAM Portal.........................................................................................1140
62.16.3 📐🤳 SWAYAM E-learning portal → 4 components.....................................................1140
62.16.4 👨🏻‍🎓📡 SWAYAM Plus Platform for industry-ready courses (2024)...............................1141
62.16.5 📐🤳 Edu → E-learning → Misc:..................................................................................... 1141
62.16.6 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Anti-ragging / life values/mental health.........................................1142
62.16.7 🧛 Mulya Pravah 2.0 ethical guidelines by UGC.............................................................1142
62.16.8 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Startup ke liye.................................................................................... 1142
62.16.9 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Teachers’ training..............................................................................1143
62.16.10 📐🇺🇸 Edu → Misc: NRI/foreign teachers/students ko bring to India?.......................1143
62.16.11 📐🇺🇸 Foreign Uni Campus in India- UGC Draft rules 2023........................................1144
62.16.12 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Girl students / girl scientists / PH..................................................1144
‘SWATI’ (Science for Women-A Technology & Innovation) Portal..........................................1144
62.16.13 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Making science/research useful/popular......................................1145
62.16.14 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: National Unity.................................................................................1146
62.16.15 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Civic duties, Adult Edu (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा)..................................................1146
62.16.16 ⌨️ APAAR - One nation, One Student ID..................................................................... 1146
62.16.17 🔬 NRF Bill/Act 2023........................................................................................................ 1147
62.16.18 🔬 NRF Structure (ढाँचा).................................................................................................... 1148
62.16.19 🔬 NRF ke Functions (क्या क्या कार्य करेंगे)...........................................................................1148
62.16.20 🔬 NRF Funding sources: (पैसा किधर से लाएगा।).................................................................1148
62.17 📐 Edu → Misc. → Youth org................................................................................................ 1149
62.17.1 🕵🏼 🧗‍♀️Yearbook: Ministry of Youth Affairs And Sports (युवा कार्य और खेल मं त्रालय) ...........1149
62.17.2 🧗‍♀️Youth Schemes= Central Sector Schemes = 100% funded by Union. ......................1149
62.17.3 Khelo India Scheme → National Sports Education Board....................................1149
62.18 📐✍️ Conclusion-Template-Education:................................................................................ 1150
63 HRD → Skilling, Vocational Training, Recruitment.........................................................1150
63.1 🕵🏼 Yearbook Recruitment & Training Related Ministries.......................................................1151
63.1.1 🕵🏼 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions.................................................1151
63.1.2 👮 👨‍🏫 🤳 Mission Karmayogi: Training of Civil servants (2020-Sept)............................1152
63.1.3 🕵🏼 Yearbook: Ministry of Labour and Employment.........................................................1152
63.2 💇👩‍🔧🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship...........................1153
63.3 (💇👩‍🔧)→ NSDC (2008, HQ @Delhi)........................................................................................ 1154
63.4 (💇👩‍🔧)→ NSDF, NSDA, NSQF, NCVET.................................................................................. 1154
63.4.1 🕵🏼 NCVET 2018 (व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद)............................................1155
63.4.2 (💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 National Skill Development Mission (NSDM: 2015, by Skill Ministry) ...1155
63.5 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skill India Campaign (2015: कौशल भारत अभियान)..................................................1155
63.5.1 (💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skill India3 → National Policy for Skill Dev. & Entrepreneurship 2015..1156
63.5.2 (💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skill India4 → Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) ...........1157
63.5.3 ((💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020)...................................................1157
63.5.4 ((💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 PM Kaushal Vikas 4.0 in 👛Budget-2023...................................................1157
63.5.5 ((💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔) PM-VIKAS / VIshwakarma KAushal Samman - 👛Budget-2023..........1158
63.5.6 (💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skill India Digital Platform in 👛Budget-2023............................................1158
63.5.7 Skill: 👛Budget-2023 Misc. announcements...................................................................... 1158
63.6 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skilling → SHREYAS Scheme (2019)..................................................................1158
63.6.1 👻🤧😷(💇👩‍🔧)Skilling → Post Corona / Atma-Nirbhar ................................................1158
63.7 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skilling & Entrepreneurship → Before Corona...................................................1160
62 📐HRD → E DUCATION (शिक्षा)
(Definition) Education is the process of imparting knowledge in a systematic manner, usually at a

school or university. एक स्कू ल या विश्वविद्यालय में, व्यवस्थित तरीके से, ज्ञान प्रदान करने की प्रक्रिया को शिक्षा कहते है।
1. Literacy Rate (साक्षरता दर )= (Person aged 7 or higher who can read & write) / (Total population of
age 7 & higher.) Census-2011: 73%. Literacy of urban area > rural ; males > females.
2. Adult Literacy Rate (व्यस्क साक्षरता दर) is measured for age 15 Years and above.
3. Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER: सकल नामांकन दर) = (No. of students enrolled in an age group or std)
/ (total population in that group).
I. If GER is ~97% means 3% children are out of school.
II. If GER is >100% that means some under-age children may have been admitted.
III. 💼Budget-2020: GER (girls) >> GER (boys) in all 3 levels i.e. elementary, secondary,
higher secondary. Thanks to Beti-Bachao-Beti-Padhao scheme.
4. Gender Parity Index (GPI: लिंग समतुल्यता सूची) for education = ratio of female students enrolled in
an age or std-group divided by male students in that group.
62.1.1 School Dropout

A ‘dropout’ (पढ़ाई छोड़ने वाला) is a pupil who enrolls in a school but leaves before the completion of a
school stage (e.g. primary, highschool..). Factors responsible? →
 Not interested in education, lack of aspirations due to traditional gender / societal / occupational
norms in a village. (पढ़ाई में रुचि नहीं, गाँव के सामाजिक और लैंगिक बं धनों के चलते जीवन में आगे बढ़ने की आकांक्षा नहीं)
 Girls engaged in domestic work / early marriage. Non-availability of girls’ toilet
 Financial constraints, engaged in child labour activities. (पैसों की किल्लत, बाल मजदूरी)
 School is far off / transport / timings not suitable. (परिवहन की समस्या)
 Teacher absenteeism, Poor quality of teaching, Tribal students unfamiliar with
language/medium. (शिक्षकों की अनुपस्थिति, पढ़ाई के अच्छी गुणवत्ता नहीं, भाषा माध्यम की समस्या)
 Dropout rates ⏫ after class8 as free mid-day meal stops, while lecture difficulty and family
pressure to earn ⏫. (आठवीं कक्षा के बाद स्कू ल में मुफ़्त का मध्यान भोजन नहीं मिलता, बल्कि सिलेबस की कठिनाई और
परिवार से पैसे कमाने का दबाव बढ़ता है)
SDG Goal 4.1: Universal primary and secondary education
SDG Goal #4: India’s baseline in (brackets) India’s SDG Target 2030
Enrollment ratio from class 1 to 10 (75%) 100%
Dropout rate at Secondary level (17%) 10%
% of schools where Pupil Teacher ratio is 30% or less (70%) 100%
Improve Learning Outcomes in Maths, Language, Science 57-67% score in learning outcome
etc subjects at class 5 and class 8 (pathetic) quiz
62.1.2 🧑‍🏫Teacher to Student Ratio

Level Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary
2012-13 34 23 30 39
2021-22 26.2 19.6 17.6 27.1
Thus, the availability of teachers is improving and it will help improving the learning outcomes.
🔠❓MCQ. Which one of the following is correct for the purpose of Census 2011 [Asked in UPSC-CDS-2017-I]
a) a person aged 7 & above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
treated as a literate
b) a person aged 8 & and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
c) a person aged 9 & above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
d) a person aged 10 & above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is
🔠⁉️ MCQ. According to the Census 2011, find correct? (CDS-2023-i)
1. A person who can only read but cannot write, is not literate.
2. A person aged seven years and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any
language is treated as literate.
Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
62.1.3 📐 Edu →🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Human Resource Development/Education
✋Note: National Education Policy 2020 aims to rename the HRD/Edu
Ministry into Education Ministry. So, read the HDT/old schemes/sentences
accordingly. अगर किसी लाइन में सुधार करना रह भी गया हो तो आप समझ लेना
मानव सं साधन विकास/ शिक्षा मं त्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>
Dept  Department of School Education & Literacy स्कू ली शिक्षा और साक्षरता
 Department of Higher Education उच्च शिक्षा
Attached /  N/A or not MCQ-worthy
subordinate
Statutory  All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) Act, 1987. Runs schemes
Bodies like Pragati, Saksham, Prerana, Samridhi, Ishan Uday for scholarship /
वैधानिक सं स्थाएं research funds to girls, SC/ST, PH, North East students.
 University Grants Commission Act, 1956 (UGC: विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग) →
(When bill is passed) Higher Education Commission of India (HECI: भारत का
उच्च शिक्षा आयोग).
CPSE सरकारी  Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA)
कं पनी  Educational Consultants of India Limited (EdCIL)
Autonomous  Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE: के न्द्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड)
bodies  National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
स्वागत सं स्थाएं
 National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
 Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS)- it had some seats reserved for
recommended by member of Parliament (MP) but this quota removed in
2022. (सांसदो द्वारा नामांकित बच्चों का कवोटा ख़त्म ) (2) They also launched Project
Balvatika / preparatory classes for age group 3 to 5 years.
 Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS),
 National Testing Agency (NTA),
 National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE),
 Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR),
 National Book Trust (NBT)
 National Bal Bhavan → Bal Kendras
 National Institution Of Industrial Engineering (Mumbai)
Advisory Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) कें द्रीय शिक्षा सलाहकार बोर्ड
सलाह परिषद  Highest advisory body to advise the Union and State Governments in the
field of education since 1920.
 Chairman: HRD Minister.
 Members: Selected Union ministers, One minister from each state, few MP,
heads of education regulatory bodies / research bodies.
Intl. Org  UN Specialized Agency: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO, 1946, HQ: Paris, France)
Misc.  Central Tibetan Schools Administration ( CTSA, 1961): to give money for
for setting up schools/hostels/scholarship for Tibetan refugee children e.g. at
Shimla, Dalhousie, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Mussoorie and Herbetpur.
62.1.4 📐 🕵🏼
Bodies → NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training
founded in 1961. The major units of the NCERT are as follows:
NCERT org. Location
National Institute of Education (NIE) New Delhi
Central Institute of Education Technology (CIET) New Delhi
Pandit Sunder Lal Sharma Central Institute of
Bhopal
Vocational Education
Ajmer , Bhopal , Bhubaneswar , Mysuru and
Regional institutes of education ( RIEs )
Umiam ( Meghalaya ) .
🙋🏼‍♀️FAQ: do I have to memorise all this? Ans. I’m not forcing you to memorise. I have given the facts
because (A) UPSC ko khujli mchi hai to ask such random Yearbook GK and (B) I’ve taken fees.
62.1.5 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → CBSE: Central Board of Secondary Education ( 1929 ) ke functions
• Conducts classes 10 and 12 ke board examinations
• Conducts the Central Teachers Eligibility Test (CTET)
• Admission Test for Navodaya Vidyalayas,
• Conducts National Achievement Survey
• SAFAL Tests to check learning levels of classes 3,5 and 8.
• Setting Quality standards for Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas
62.1.6 NIOS: - National Institute of Open Schooling (1989)
It is an ‘Open School’ to cater to pre - degree level (= learners who cannot go to physical schools and
yet want to pass the board exam)
NIOS Exam level Normal equivalent NIOS Exam level Normal equivalent
Level A Class3 secondary education Class10
Level B Class5 senior secondary Class10
Level C Class8
• NIOS also conducts vocational course and, life enrichment programmes e.g. Computer
training, office secretary training etc.
• Radio Vahini FM 91.2 MHz = NIOS ka radio podcast station.
62.1.7 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Higher Edu → HEFA (2016)
 Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA उच्च शिक्षा वित्तपोषण अभिकरण) is a not for Profit
company with shareholding: 91% HRD/Edu Ministry + 9% Canara bank.
 HEFA is registered as a Non–deposit taking NBFC with RBI.
 HEFA provides loans to IITs, IIITs, NITs, IISCs, AIIMS etc.to upgrade their infrastructure, lab
equipments etc. It also gives loan to Kendriya Vidyalayas, Navodaya Vidyalaya.
 RISE-2022: Budget 2018 gave more ₹ ₹ to HEFA to give out as loans to those IIT/IIM/NIT etc.
for Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) by 2022
62.1.8 📐 🕵🏼 Bodies → Vedic Edu → Bharatiya Shiksha Board
 Presently, CBSE / State Education boards doesn’t recognize all the types of Acharyakulam,
Vidya Bharati schools (of RSS) and Gurukuls (of Arya Samaj).
 So, 2019: HRD/Edu Ministry announced to setup Bharatiya Shiksha Board for standardizing
(मानकीकरण) Vedic education with new syllabus, conducting exams and issue certificates.
62.1.9 📐🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] Notable Schools funded by Union
• 1962: Kendriya Vidyalayas ( KVS ) approved

Kendriya • Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan was registered as a Society under the
Vidyalayas Societies Registration Act.
for kids of govt • Class 1 to 12, mainly for Govt employees- both in India, even abroad.
employees Boss? Edu Ministry.
• Shaala Darpan: e-Governance platform for Kendriya Vidyalayas.
 Class 5 to Class 12 Residential (=with hostel) girl school for SC, ST, OBC,
Kasturba
Minorities & BPL. Boss? Edu Ministry
Gandhi Balika
 reservation? (a) 75 % seats for girls from SC / ST / OBC and minorities. (b)
Vidyalaya
25% seats for girls from BPL families.
Eklavya schools Residential schools in high ST % population area. Boss? Tribal Affairs Ministry.
Jawahar  HRD/Edu Ministry’s free residential schools for talented rural children
Navodaya from class 6 to 12. (प्रतिभावन ग्रामीण बच्चों के लिए स्कू ल. रिहायशी छात्रालय की सुविधा)
Vidyalayas  Student has to pass an entrance exam to get admission, unlike the above
schools. [दाख़िला पाने के लिए प्रवेश परीक्षा होती है.]
 It is setup under the Society Registration Act , of 1860 ,
 State / UT govts need to give about 30 acres of land, free of cost to setup
these schools.
 Initiative by HRD + Defence Ministry + Home Affairs Ministry for the
Seema Darshan students of Kendriya Vidyalayas and Navodaya Vidyalayas. Take them to
border area / meet with armed forces to cultivate the spirit of Patriotism.
62.2 👨‍👴‍🏫📯🧔N EW EDUCATION POLICY 2020 (नई शिक्षा नीति)
 1948-49: University Education Commission [विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा आयोग]
 1952-53: Secondary Education Commission
 1964-66: Education Commission under Dr. D.S. Kothari
 1968: National Policy on Education
 1976: 42nd Constitutional Amendment: Education put in Concurrent List (समवर्ती सूची)
 1986: National Policy on Education (NPE) → modified in 1992.
 2015-16: T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee for education policy
 2017-19: Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee for education policy
62.2.1 ✍️
NEP-2020: Introduction (परिचय)
(Origin) 2017: HRD/Edu Ministry had set up Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee, to replace the
education policy of 1986. Based its report, Govt announced a new National Education Policy in
2020 with following salient features: निम्नलिखित मुख्य विशेषताओं के साथ)
62.2.2 🏫Education: Schooling → Curriculum changed (स्कू ली पाठ्यक्रम में बदलाव)
Left hand side is also called “10+2”. Whereas Right hand side also called “5+3+3+4” (this number
indicates the years spent in each stage of the coloured box in right hand side.)
International studies have found 3-6 years = crucial for mental development. So, the Govt will target
it via 3 three years of Anganwadi/ pre schooling. (मानसिक विकास के लिए प्री-स्कू लिंग महत्वपूर्ण है ऐसा अंतरराष्ट्रीय
सं शोधन मैं पाया गया)
62.2.3 👱‍♂️Education: Primary- other reforms (प्राथमिक शिक्षा में सुधार)
 🎯 Target: 100 % Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) from pre-school to secondary school education
by 2030. (सकल प्रवेश अनुपात)
 National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy - to ensure by 2025, all children in
class 3 are able to do basic level of reading and maths. (बुनियादी साक्षरता और गणित क्षमता)
 ⚗️No rigid separation between academic streams (sci vs commerce etc.) शैक्षणिक धाराओं मैं भेद नहीं
किया जाएगा
 No rigid separation curricular and extracurricular activities (अभ्यास प्रवृत्तियां बनाम पाठ्येतर प्रवृत्तियां)
 No rigid separation between vocational and academic streams. (व्यावसायिक और शैक्षणिक धाराएँ)
 🔧Vocational Education to start from Class 6 with Internships. (व्यावसायिक प्रशिक्षण देंगे)
 We'll use counsellors & social workers with schools e.g. Psychological counselling, sexual
harassment, bullying, depression (बच्चों के लिए मनोवैज्ञानिक परामर्शदाता उपलब्ध कराएँगे)
 Open / Distance learning for classes 3, 5 and 8 through NIOS. (दूर - शिक्षण)
 Collectively, it will help bring 2 crore "out of school" children back into the schooling. (बच्चों की
स्कू ल-वापसी)
Table 1: we will setup these institutes हम ये सब बनाएँगे!
“Bal Bhavans” These will be special daytime boarding schools with art-related,
career-related, and play-related activities.
Samajik Chetna Kendras Social Consciousness Centres will be setup in the Free (Spare)
school infrastructure.
🧙 ‍ Artists- कलाकारों के निवास की Colleges, school complex to have Artist(s)-in-Residence. Such
♀️
व्यवस्था artists will promote traditional arts / Lok Vidya.
62.2.4 👱‍♂️Education: Primary- ECCE upto age 8
 For upto class12 NCERT will develop National Curricular Framework for School Education
(NCFSE: पाठ्यक्रम की राष्ट्रीय रूपरेखा)
 For upto class8 NCERT to develop a National Curricular & Pedagogical Framework for Early
Childhood Care and Education (NCPFECCE or ECCE: बचपन की परवरिश और शिक्षा के लिए राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यक्रम
और शिक्षा शास्त्र)
 Ministries of HRD/Edu, Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD), Ministry of
Health and Tribal Affairs will jointly implement ECCE. (ये तीन मं त्रालय लागू करेंगे)
 ECCE to improve syllabus (Curriculum: पाठ्यक्रम) & teaching methodology (=pedagogy: शिक्षा शास्त्र)
⏬
But basically it involves pressure of rote-learning/coaching classes to pass the exams, critical ⏫
thinking ability & emotional intelligence, 21st century skills, scientific temper etc. समालोचनात्मक
सोचक्षमता, भावनात्मक बुद्धिमत्ता, 21 वीं सदी का कौशल, वैज्ञानिक स्वभाव। पढ़ाई का बोझ कम करने के लिए विभिन्न कदम लेंगे।
 reduce Curriculum to Core Concepts. पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती करके के वल अति महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाओं को सिखाना
62.2.5 🈶 Education: Language / Medium (भाषा /माध्यम)

 Teaching in mother tongue/ regional language? Yes upto class5 definately And we'll try to
continue it even upto class8 and beyond. (पांचवी कक्षा तक मातृभाषा या प्रादेशिक भाषा में शिक्षा)
 Sanskrit medium to be offered at all levels of school and higher education
 @secondary level, we'll also offer foreign languages. (माध्यमिक स्कू लों में विदेशी भाषा में भी)
 Three-language formula i.e. All students will learn 3 languages in their school. At Least two of
the languages must be native Indian. e.g. You may opt for (1) mother tongue:
Gujarati/Punjabi/Marathi (2) Hindi/Sanskrit (3) English / French / Russian etc. (3 भाषाओं का सूत्र है
या सिद्धांत)
 No language will be imposed on any student. [This is to calm the apprehension of Southern
states that students will be compulsory required to learn Hindi. [कोई भी भाषा विद्यार्थियों पर थोपी नहीं
जाएगी। शिक्षा नीति में ये बात स्पष्ट रूप से कही गई, ताकि दक्षिण भारत के लोग चिंता में न रहे हिंदी उनको जबरदस्ती सिखाई
जाएगी]
 New organizations will be setup 1) National Institute for Pali, Persian and Prakrit , 2) Indian
Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI: अनुवाद और निर्वचन).
62.2.6 📐📯🧔 PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI-2022)
 Union government will give money for upgrading 14000+ existing schools into PM SHRI
Schools (PM ScHools for Rising India).
 PM-Shri Schools will have the best quality infrastructure and teaching facility - . labs, smart
classrooms, libraries, sports equipment, art room etc.
 They will act as role model for the nearby schools in the area.
 Union government will give money for the 2022-23 to 2026-27. Afterwards state
government/UT Will be responsible for maintenance of these PM-SHRI schools.
कें द्र सरकार पैसा देकर कु छ स्कू लो को बेहतर करेगी ताकि वे राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति को लागू कर सकें , जहाँ पर बुनियादी साक्षरता, स्थानीय
कलाकारों के साथ मेलजोल, कौशल विकास, स्वच्छ ऊर्जा सं चय द्वारा हरित विद्यालय बनाना इत्यादि पर ज़ोर दिया जाएगा. और
आसपड़ोस के दूसरे फ़ालतू/ घटिया/ औसत-गुणवत्ता वाले स्कू लों के लिए एक मिसाल बन सके
62.2.7 🈶 Education: Vocational Education
• 🔧Vocational Education to start from Class 6 with Internships. (व्यावसायिक प्रशिक्षण देंगे)
• By 2025, at least 50% of learners through the school and higher education system shall have
exposure to vocational education
• Secondary schools will have to collaborate with Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs),
Polytechnics, Local Industry, etc.
• Skill labs will also be set up in the schools
🔠⁉️ MCQ. Find correct about National Education Policy, 2020: (CDS-2023-I)
1. At least 50 percent of the learners through school and higher education system to get exposure to
vocational education by 2025.
2. Secondary schools should collaborate with ITIs, Polytechnics and local industries.
3. Vocational education to be exclusively provided by NGOs.
Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
62.2.8 👩‍🎓Education: Higher (उच्च शिक्षा)
 🎯 Target: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER: higher education): 26% (2018) → ⏫ 50% (2035);
 Add 3.5 crore admission seats in higher education. (उच्च शिक्षा में प्रवेश सीटों को बढ़ाया जाए)
 Creative combinations of subjects & multi-disciplinary courses to be allowed. e.g. philosophy
and architecture, Earth Science and architecture. (अलग-अलग विषयों का रचनात्मक सं योजन)
 At present, most Private colleges are usually affiliated to some universities. Colleges have to
follow the admission process and syllabus defined by the university. In the next 15 years
gradually more autonomy will be given to colleges in this area. (महाविद्यालयों को अपनी प्रवेश प्रक्रिया और
पाठ्यक्रम बनाने में ज्यादा स्वतंत्रता दी जाएगी)
 🔧Vocational education to be integrated. (व्यवसायिक शिक्षण को शामिल किया जाएगा)
62.2.9 👩🎓
‍ Education: Higher → Credit (गुण आधारित शिक्षा)
 In the USA, a student completes a particular course =gets credit. When he accumulates sufficient
number of credits he can get a degree.
 Students can enroll in more courses to earn more credits and finish the college graduation faster.
Some Indian universities too adopted the Credit Based Semester System (CBSS).
 🔖NEP-2020 policy aims to improve it further by creating an "Academic Bank of Credits" with
Transfer of Credits. If you enroll in multiple courses / Institutions = your credits will be stored
digitally so you can combine them to earn a degree. This organisation was set up in 2021 under
Education Ministry. “अकादमिक बैंक ऑफ क्रे डिट” की स्थापना. अलग-अलग कोर्स की पढ़ाई खत्म करने पर गुण दिए जाएं गे,
जिसका डिजिटल सं चय इस बैंक में होगा. इन गुणों को जोड़कर विद्यार्थी डिग्री हासिल कर सकता है.
 2022: Govt invited public feedback on the National Credit Framework (NCrF). It aims to
integrate 3 level: to help students avail both educational and vocational trainings seamlessly
62.2.10 👩‍🎓Education: Higher → Entry & Exit (प्रवेश और प्रस्थान)
 IIT: 4 years course = BTech degree. If a student is weak/wants to EXIT after 3 year, IIT will give
a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree. Such proposal was approved in 2019
 so with similar pattern, in NEP-2020 proposed: multiple entry and exit points with appropriate
certification. उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थान में प्रवेश के बाद अलग-अलग चरणों पर पढ़ाई छोड़ सकते हैं उस हिसाब से आपको
प्रमाणपत्र/उपाधि मिले
If you Exit @ What you get? (इस चरण पर कॉलेज छोड़ दिया तो ये मिलेगा)
1 year Certificate प्रमाणपत्र
2 years Advanced Diploma उच्च डिप्लोमा
3 years Bachelor’s Degree स्नातक की उपाधि
4 years Bachelor’s with Research अनुसं धान के साथ स्नातक
62.2.11 👩‍🎓🕵Education: Higher → New Orgs → HECI
🕵BEFORE (पहले की प्रणाली) 🕵AFTER (भविष्य की प्रणाली)
 Multiple Regulators in the higher education Higher Education Commission of India(HECI:
sector for example UGC, AICTE, Medical भारत का उच्च शिक्षा आयोग) will be set up
Council of India (later replaced with  as a single umbrella body the for entire
National Medical Commission (NMC), Bar higher education, excluding medical and
Council of India etc. legal education (Bar council). भारत का उच्च
शिक्षा आयोग- जोकि चिकित्सा और वकालत के अलावा
सभी उच्च शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों का नियंत्रण करेगा
 It will penalise Higher education
Institutions (HEIs) For violating the rules.
(नियमों का उल्लंघन करने वाले उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थानों पर
जुर्माना /दंड)
UGC / AICTE officers would demand bribes It will do faceless inspection with technology
during inspections/ for approving the funds ⏬
= scope for bribery, similar to Faceless
(उच्च शिक्षा पर नियंत्रण के लिए विभिन्न सं स्थाएं थी जिन के assessment in Income Tax dept. (फे सलेस निरीक्षण)
अफसर प्रत्यक्ष निरीक्षण के बहाने रिश्वतखोरी करते थे.)
Govt colleges may not be subjected to as strict Both Public and private higher education
rules as private sector colleges. (सरकारी कॉलेजों पर institutions will be governed by the same set of
गुणवत्ता के नियं त्रण निजी कॉलेजों जितने सख्त नहीं थे, उनकी rules.(सरकारी और निजी सभी सं स्थानों पर एक समान नियम
खामियों और गलतियों को नज़रअंदाज़ किया जाता था।) लागू होंगे.)
HECI to have four independent verticals (4 स्वतंत्र इकाइयां होंगी)-
1. National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) for regulation. नियंत्रण के लिए एक
सं स्था
2. General Education Council (GEC ) for standard setting, मानक बनाने के लिए एक सं स्था
3. Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) for funding, अनुदान के लिए एक सं स्था
4. National Accreditation Council( NAC) for accreditation. मान्यता के लिए एक सं स्था
✋above fullforms may be IMP4UGC-NET, but not so much for IAS.

👛
62.2.12 UGC-allocation cut by >50% in Interim-Budget-2024:
• UGC allocation by Budget-2023= over ₹5000+ cr → Interim-Budget-2024= ₹2500 crore.
• Thus, govt decreased budget allocation to UGC by >50% bcoz, govt plans to bring in a new
regulator — the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) to replace UGC.
62.2.13 👩‍🎓🕵‍♀️Education: Higher → New Orgs → Others
🕵‍♀️MERU Similar to IITs & IIMs, the Govt will set up Multidisciplinary Education and
Research Universities (MERUs: बहु-विषयक शिक्षा एवं सं शोधन के लिए विश्वविद्यालय)
🕵‍♀️NRF National Research Foundation will be created as the apex body for research
in India. सं शोधन के लिए उच्चतम सं स्था बनाई जाएगी
🕵‍♀️University we'll expand the definition of university to include more institutions that
Definition offer Research-intensive and Teaching-intensive courses.
🕵‍♀️Ministry Ministry of HRD to be renamed as M/o Education

renamed “मानव सं साधन विकास मं त्रालय” का नाम बदलकर “शिक्षा मं त्रालय” किया गया
SARTHAQ  It is name of the plan to implement NEP-2020.
 ‘SARTHAQ’ = Students’ and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement through
Quality Education. नई शिक्षा नीति को अमल करने के लिए जो प्लान बनाया गया उसका नाम
है सार्थक
(OUTDATED)  It was NITI Aayog roadmap to improve school education (2017-20)
SATH-E  Initially it targeted 3 states: Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha
62.2.14 👨‍👴‍👴🦽Education: Adult/PH (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा और विकलांग शिक्षा)
 🎯 Target: 100% Adult Literacy. सं पूर्ण प्रौढ़ साक्षरता

 We'll focus on life-enrichment programs. (जीवन-सं वर्धन कार्यक्रम)
 We'll prepare a National Book Promotion Policy to encourage writing, publishing and reading of
good books. (राष्ट्रीय पुस्तक सं वर्धन नीति- अच्छी किताबें लिखी जाए प्रकाशित की जाए पढ़ी जाए )
 We'll prepare a uniform/standard Indian Sign Language (ISL) across the country for students
with hearing impairment. बधिर छात्रों के लिए भारतीय सांके तिक भाषा.
62.2.15 👩‍💻Education: Open/Distance/E-Learning (दूर - शिक्षण/ई शिक्षा)
 We'll provide open learning for classes 3,5 and 8 through NIOS.
 We will encourage more online / distance learning courses using Massive Open Online Courses
(MOOCs) technology.
 E-learning content in Regional Languages. प्रादेशिक भाषाओं में ई-शिक्षण सामग्री
 Divyang (PH) Friendly Education Software. विकलांगों के लिए शैक्षणिक सॉफ्टवेयर
🕵 ‍♀️New  National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)

 for idea exchange on how to use Technology for improving the learning, exams,
Org:
administration of school/colleges.
NETF
 राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक प्रौद्योगिकी फोरम- शिक्षा, परीक्षा, स्कू ल प्रबं धन मैं प्रौद्योगिकी का बेहतर इस्तेमाल
62.2.16 📊🔠Assessment of students (छात्रों का मूल्यांकन)
360 degree Holistic Progress Card to track Student Progress (समग्र विकास कार्ड के साथ मूल्यांकन प्रक्रिया)
🔠😰BEFORE 🔠🤩AFTER
Summative Assessment Exams = We'll encourage Formative Assessment = During the
only at the end of semester / year class- ask oral questions, give homework assignment etc
checking factual / memory based to check student's analytical/critical thinking, and
knowledge. conceptual clarity. [रचनात्मक आकलन ताकि विद्यार्थी की विश्लेषण और
सत्रांत परीक्षाएं जिसमें सिर्फ याददाश्त / रटने का वैचारिक स्पष्टता को जांच सके ]
मूल्यांकन होता है
BOARD EXAM = test of memory & Board exams will test core concept and 'application of
factual knowledge. High stake exam: knowledge'. It'll be made 'low-stake' (e.g. school
life and death situation if 99% not assignments marks may be counted, more admission
scored. बोर्ड की परीक्षा: जुए का ऊं चा और opportunities even with low score etc) विद्यार्थी की रटने की
जोखिम भरा दांव जिसमें बाजी जिंदगी और मौत की क्षमता नहीं किं तु वैचारिक स्पष्टता, ज्ञान के अनुप्रयोग को परखा जाएगा. बोर्ड
लगी हो. परीक्षा में अच्छे गुण ना मिले तो भी “जिंदगी-बर्बाद”- उस जोखिम को कम
किया जाएगा।
62.2.17 📊🕵‍♀️Assessment of students: bodies (मूल्यांकन/परीक्षा के लिए सं स्थाएं )
🕵‍♀️new body National Assessment Centre called 'PARAKH' (Performance Assessment,
Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) for setting
assessment standards. परीक्षा में मूल्यांकन कै से करना है उसकी मानक तैयार करने की सं स्था
🕵‍♀️existing National testing agency will continue to function and will offer common
body NTA entrance exams for admission in various college। अलग-अलग कॉलेजों में दाखिले के लिए
सामान्य प्रवेश परीक्षा
62.2.18 👨🏻‍🎓📊
HPC Report card by NCERT / Parakh
• Boss? NCERT → standard-setting body named ‘Parakh’ (Performance Assessment, Review,
and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development (PARAKH).
• Traditionally, students are given an academic report card that focuses mainly on their exam
scores. But, Holistic Progress Card, or HPC - Will have following unique features:
Stakeholder input in HPC card
will be asked to self evaluate their attitude towards studies e.g. “I liked
Student’s own input
doing this work” or “I found this work easy”.
Fellow-classmates/peers their input will be taken on student’s performance/behaviour in class.
will be taken e.g. (1) child did homework on time? (2) screen time: how
Parents’ inputs
much time child spent on TV/Mobile?
Teacher will write strength and weakness of the student in HPC card, as follows:
Strength Weakness
ability to “collaborate”, “follow instructions”, show “lack of attention”, “peer pressure”, “lack
“creativity” or “empathy”, etc of preparation”
Thus, HPC report card will provide teachers and parents with insights to help each student.
62.2.19 📊🏫 Assessment of schools (स्कू लों का आकलन)
States/UTs to setup State School Standards Authority (SSSA: स्कू ल मानक के लिए राज्य का प्राधिकरण).
 These bodies will require schools to disclose information e.g. how many seats/facilities/fees in
your school, how is your school's board exam result etc. → This will public oversight and ⏫
accountability. स्कू लों ने अनिवार्य रूप से अपने विद्यार्थियों की सं ख्या, बोर्ड परीक्षाओं में परिणाम, फीस इत्यादि अलग-अलग
जानकारी देनी होगी जिससे सार्वजनिक निगरानी तथा जवाबदेही बढ़ेगी
 School Quality Assessment & Accreditation Framework (SQAAF)= NOTIMP स्कू लों के आकलन के
मानक।
62.2.20 👩‍🏫Teachers recruitment and training (शिक्षकों की भर्ती और तालीम)
 by 2030: Minimum degree qualification for teachers = 4-year integrated B.Ed. (न्यूनतम योग्यता)
 National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) + NCERT to design as new framework for
Teacher Education (NCFTE: शिक्षकों की तालीम/शिक्षा के लिए राष्ट्रीय रूपरेखा)
 National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) will design National Professional Standards for
Teachers (NPST: राष्ट्रीय व्यावसायिक मानक)
 Teachers' Recruitment will be made more transparent, merit based promotions, they will be
given more operational freedom in teaching etc. (भर्ती प्रक्रिया ज्यादा पारदर्शी, योग्यता आधारित पदोन्नति, पढ़ाने में
ज्यादा स्वतंत्रता)
 A National Mission for mentoring the (College) teachers. With help of senior/retired faculty.
(वरिष्ठ/निवृत्त प्रोफे सरों द्वारा वर्तमान शिक्षकों को गुरुशिक्षा/तालीम दी जाएगी)
✋ Above fullforms / features not imp for UPSC but for UGC-NET/TAT
62.2.21 👩‍🏫🤑NEP-2020: Funding (शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए वित्तपोषण)
 Union Budget’s Expenditure on Education as % of GDP= 2.8% annually from 2014 to 2018.
Then 3% (2019), 3.5% (2020)
 Union+State's total public investment in education currently about 4.4% of GDP. NEP aims to
⏫ to 6% of GDP at earliest. (शिक्षा में सार्वजनिक निवेश को बढ़ाकर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के 6% तक किया जाएगा)
 We'll expand & reform National Scholarship Portal to cover more SC/ST/OBC, and other
Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups(SEDGs) such as women, transgender, etc.
(कमजोर वर्ग को छात्रवृत्ति देने के लिए विभिन्न सुधार)
 Gender Inclusion Fund to improve education of girl child. (लैंगिक समावेशन निधि)
 Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups (विशेष शिक्षा क्षेत्र)
 We will encourage private colleges to give scholarship to students (छात्रवृत्ति)
62.2.22 ‍ 👩🏫👿 NEP-2020: Criticism (नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति के खिलाफ आलोचना/निंदा)
 Not enough clarity about funding mechanism and fees regulation, so, it'll only encourage
privatization / commercialisation of higher education.(पैसों का कोई ख़ास प्रावधान नहीं. शिक्षा का निजीकरण)
 Not enough focus on girl education, weaker section. कन्या और कमजोर वर्ग का शिक्षण पे खास ध्यान नहीं
 Teachers demand related to permanent jobs, good salaries and suitable work conditions not
mentioned. (शिक्षकों के लिए स्थाई नौकरियां ,अच्छी तनख्वाह -के बारे में कोई बात/ जिक्र नहीं )
 Only lip service about emotional needs of the students, depression and suicide due to excessive
competition. (छात्रों की भावनात्मक जरूरतों के बारे में सिर्फ दिखावे के लिए चिकनी चुपड़ी बातें)
 Doing Sanskrit promotion for RSS-BJP agenda- says opposition parties.(सं स्कृ त का अनावश्यक प्रसार)
 X/Y/Z Good Recommendation of the previous committee/ best practices from the foreign
country are not adopted. (अन्य देश और अन्य समिति की अच्छी बातों को शामिल नहीं किया)
62.2.23 ✍️NEP-2020: Conclusion (शिक्षा नीति के बारे में निष्कर्ष)
 SDG goal#4 aims for inclusive, equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all. समावेशी, समान गुणवत्ता वाली शिक्षा और सभी के लिए आजीवन सीखने के अवसरों को बढ़ावा देना।
 With aforementioned reforms, NEP-2020 will surely help in a long way to universalize the
education, reap demographic dividend and achieve SDG Goal#4. उक्त सुधारों द्वारा नई शिक्षा नीति वाकई में
शिक्षा के सार्वत्रिककरण, जनसांख्यिकीय लाभांश को हासिल करने और सतत विकास लक्ष्य में मदद करेगी/उपयोगी होगी
🔠❓Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the National Education Policy
2020 in India? [Asked in UPSC-IES-2021]
(a) It proposes sweeping changes in the Education system from pre-primary to PhD and skill
development.
(b) universities from among top 100 in the world will be able to set up campuses in India
(c) It expects that India will achieve 60% GER by 2030
(d) It suggests NAAC to be merged with UGC and AICTE
62.3 👩‍🏫🤳PRAGYATA G UIDELINES ON DIGITAL EDUCATION (2020-JUL)
Figure 1: पूरा दिन कं प्यूटर पर पढ़ाई करके मेरी आंखे दुख रही है 😰
 By HRD/Edu-Ministry ई शिक्षा के बारे में दिशानिर्देश
 Corona lockdown= 240 million Indian children unable to go to school.
o Synchronous digital education: This is real-time (live) teaching. (जीवंत प्रसारण)
o Asynchronous digital education: non-real time e.g. article, recorded TV program.
 PRAGYATA guidelines = eight steps of e-learning: Plan- Review- Arrange- Guide- Yak(talk)-
Assign- Track- Appreciate.
Class Screentime Recommendation (Synchronous/ Live classes)
Pre Primary not more than 30 minutes.
Classes 1 to 8 Not more than two lectures of 30-45 minutes each
Classes 9 to 12 Not more than four lectures of 30-45 minutes each on the days
 Further individual school-teachers should not be required to teach more than 2 to 3 hrs of
online/day
 Do's and Don'ts to ensure physical wellbeing (Back pain, eye strain), Mental health and
wellbeing, Cyber safety, Digital privacy. शारीरिक पीठ दर्द, आंखों का तनाव, मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, साइबर सुरक्षा,
डिजिटल गोपनीयता/निजता।
62.4 📐😋🍽📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME (MDM-2001-2020)
 Boss? Ministry of Human Resource and Development / Edu Ministry

 मध्यान भोजन योजना is a Core Scheme (Not 100% funded by Union). 60:40, 90:10.
 Govt provides foodgrains & ₹ ₹ for buying kitchen utensil, hiring cooks etc.
 MDM gives free hot cooked meal to child in every govt / govt aided school / Madarsas / Maqtabs
(=Islamic school) upto class 8 for min. 200 days a year.
Lower primary (std.1 to 5) Min. 450 Calories and 12 gram of protein
Upper primary (std.6 to 8) Min. 700 Calories and 20 grams of protein
- ++ food security allowance to students if MDM can’t be provided due to non-availability of
food/cooks. [पका पकाया खाना नहीं दे पाए तो बच्चे के परिवार को पैसा दिया जाएगा]
- 🤩Benefit? Ensures nutritional security & class attendance of poor children.
- Sub-component: Tithi Bhojan → People can contribute ₹ ₹ / food / sweets to school children to
celebrate important days such as child birth, marriage, birthdays etc. (लोग शुभअवसरो पे दान में दे).
The concept has been adopted by different states with local names like Sampriti Bhojan in Assam
, Dham in Himachal Pradesh , Sneh Bhojan in Maharashtra , Shalegagi Naavu Neevu in
Karnataka , Anna Dhanam in Puducherry , Priti Bhoj in Punjab and Utsav Bhoj in Rajasthan .
😣🍽 MDM Challenges? 1) Siphoning of rations by teachers, slum children run away from school
after taking lunch, food prepared in unhygienic surroundings, 2) goons mix poison / pesticides, 3)
villagers resist hiring of Dalit cooks etc. 4) During Corona, schools closed down but students not
given take home ration or food allowance in many schools.
62.5 📐😋🍽📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → PM POSHAN (2021-2026)
2021-Oct: Modi announced that above MDM scheme will be known as PM Poshan Scheme:
Mid-Day Meal Scheme PM Poshan (POshan SHakti Nirman)

Covered Class1-8 in Government Same MDM scheme henceforth known as PM Poshan
schools & Government aided Scheme with validity of 2021-22 to 2025-26 (पुरानी योजना
schoolschildren to be given one hot- को आपसे ये नाम दिया है)
cooked meal.
Did not cover Pre-school children (e.g. They’ll also get food under PM Poshan. (पूर्व प्राथमिक स्तर के
Anganwadi/Bal-Vatika). Those poor आंगनबाड़ी बच्चों को भी खाना मिलेगा)
kids got free food under ICDS/ Mission
Poshan.
 Tithi Bhojan: community donation Same continued [ये सब जारी रहेगा]
No specific mention [पहले की योजना में ऐसा Government to develop school nutrition gardens.
कोई खास जिक्र नहीं था] Schoolkids to grow fruit/vegetables/ grains etc. → use
it their food [विद्यालय पोषण बगीचे बनाए जाएं गे जहाँ बच्चे खुद फल
सब्जी इत्यादि उगाएं गे और खाएं गे]
Mid-Day Meal Scheme PM Poshan (POshan SHakti Nirman)
No specific mention [पहले की योजना में ऐसा - Cooking competition [खाना पकाने की स्पर्धा]
कोई खास जिक्र नहीं था] - Farmer producer organizations (FPO: Ref 4A) and
Village self help groups (SHG) to be used for
supplying cooking ingredients. [किसान उत्पाद सं गठन और
स्व सहायता समूहों की मदद भी ली जाएगी]
Social Audio only done in few schools - Compulsory Social Audit for all schools by local
depending on enthusiasm of authority. public e.g. whether school giving proper food to
kids or not? [स्थानीय लोगों द्वारा सामाजिक लेखा परीक्षण]
- college student may also be used for monitoring.
[निगरानी के लिए कॉलेज छात्रों की भी मदद ली जाएगी]
😰Criticism: (1) National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recommended breakfast in schools but not
done in new scheme. [राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीती में तो सुबह का नाश्ता भी देने की बात थी, लेकिन नई योजना में ऐसा नहीं किया] (2)
social audit of food quality not done in many states.
62.6 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAAN (SSA-2001)
 Boss? Ministry of Human Resource and Development / Edu Ministry

 Core Scheme (Not 100% funded by Union) महत्वपूर्ण योजना.
 2002: 86th Constitutional Amendment Act: inserted (सं वैधानिक सं शोधन अधिनियम)
○ Article 21A → Fundamental right to free and compulsory education to all children aged
6-14. मुफ़्त और अनिवार्य रूप से शिक्षा का सभी बच्चों को मौलिक अधिकार
○ Article 51A (k) → Fundamental duty of parent/guardian to ensure above thing.(कर्तव्य)
 2004: Union created non-lapsable fund (अव्यपगत निधि) under Public Account ‘Prarambhik Shiksha
Kosh’. It receives ₹ ₹ from the education cess levied on direct taxes.
 2009: Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act ( नि:शुल्क एवं अनिवार्य शिक्षा अधिनियम का
बाल अधिकार) to operationalise above thing. Including 25% reservation to Economically Weaker
Section (EWS) in private schools. (आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्ग के बच्चों को निजी स्कू लों में आरक्षण भी दिया गया)
 2001: PM Vajpayee had launched Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). Over the years it was modified
& updated to achieve aforementioned constitutional & legal obligations. ₹ ₹ for construction of
schools, free uniforms & textbooks, teachers recruitment, computer lab, library etc.
62.6.1 📐📯🧔Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) → Notable Subscheme / Programs
Name Description
Shagun = Shala + Gunvatta = School quality. So, this portal is for Online
Shagun Portal
monitoring of schools under SSA.
Padhe Bharat Improve quality of Govt primary schools esp. Class 1 & 2 by
Name Description
1. Min. 4 hrs per day teaching of maths, reading writing. Extra teaching
hrs / mentoring to students who are weak in it.
Badhe Bharat
2. Min. Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) 30: 1
(2014)
3. Min. 200 school working days.
4. Min. 75% attendance of students, Min. 95% attendance of teachers
To improve the foundational literacy and numeracy of Class3 students by
NIPUN BHARAT 2026-27. Nipun Bharat = National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading
2021 With Understanding And Numeracy
तीसरी कक्षा के बच्चों पढ़ने और गणित की बुनियाद को बहेतर करो योजना
Motivate 6-18 years children to pursue Science, Mathematics and
Rashtriya Avishkar
Technology by organizing science melas, extra mentoring to bright students
Abhiyan (2015)
etc.
Involve volunteers like NRIs, retired teachers, govt officials, defence
personnel, professionals, etc. in primary govt schools for teaching & co-
scholastic activities e.g. play acting, preparing story books
Vidyanjali 📙ES23: more than 1 lakh volunteers helped schools in mentoring of gifted
children, teaching vocational skills, providing ceiling fans and water
purifiers, gifting digital devices & musical instruments, self-defence training
to schoolgirls, etc.
🔠❓MCQ. What is the purpose of Vidyanjali Yojana?(Asked in UPSC-Pre-2017)
1. To enable the famous foreign educational institutions to open their campuses in India.
2. To increase quality of education provided in govt schools by taking help from the pvt sector
& community.
3. To encourage voluntary monetary contributions from private individuals and organizations
so as to improve the infrastructure facilities for primary and secondary schools.
Codes: (a) 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
62.7 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD. 9-12 → RMSA (2009) माध्यमिक शिक्षा
- Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan is Core Scheme (Not 100% funded by Union).
- Boss? Ministry of Human Resource and Development / Edu Ministry
- 2007: Union created non-lapsable fund under Public Account ‘Madhyamik and Uchchtar
Shiksha Kosh (MUSK)’. It receives ₹ ₹ from the education cess levied on direct taxes.
- RMSA aims for 100% universal retention upto class 10 by 2020. (=noone should ‘dropout’ before
class10, सब बच्चों ने कम से कम दसवीं शिक्षा तक पढ़ाई करनी चाहिए स्कू ल नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए)
- ₹ ₹ for building school, library, laboratory, computer lab, toilets & hostels for girls, teachers
recruitment & salary etc.etc.
👻🤧😷📉📚CBSE: Syllabus reduction (पाठ्यक्रम में कटौती)
62.7.1
 CBSE ⏬ class 9 to 12 syllabus by 30% for 2020-21 Academic year to ⏬ the burden of students
during Corona lockdown
 😡 Controversy? Federalism, Nationalism, Secularism and other important topics were also
dropped from syllabus. (सं घवाद, राष्ट्रवाद, धर्मनिरपेक्षता जैसे अति महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दों को अभ्यासक्रम से हटाया गया)
 CBSE clarified this is only one time step for 2020-21 only. So in future these topics may be re-
added. (सिर्फ एक बार के लिए लिया गया कदम है)
 2021: Board Exam cancelled ki daily commentary but now it is outdated news.
62.8 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD. JR.KG TO 12: SAMAGRA SHIKSHA SCHEME (2018)
Before Budget 2018 → After Budget 2018

Boss HRD/Edu Ministry → National Education Previous schemes are henceforth merged into a
Mission with 3 sub-schemes single scheme covering pre-school to std12
1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA),  It’ll be called Samagra Shiksha Scheme-
2. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan Integrated Scheme for School Education
(RMSA) (विद्यालय शिक्षा हेतु समेकित योजना)
3. Teacher Education (TE) → and its  More focus on e-learning, skill
“DIKSHA” digital portal for teachers development, funding, stipend etc.
training. Boss & funding pattern remains the same as
before i.e. 60:40, 90:10
Funding? Centrally Sponsored Scheme →
Core Scheme = Not 100% funded by Union.
60:40, 90:10
62.8.1 👨‍👴🏫
‍ 2019: NISHTHA scheme for Teachers training (2019)
 Sub-component under Samagra Shiksha Scheme. [शिक्षकों की तालीम के लिए]
 For training of teachers and headmasters. They’ll also be sensitized & trained for gender rights,
PH-students’ rights, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act.
 NISHTHA – National Initiative for School Heads’ and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement
NISHTHA 2.0 online training course for teachers on DIKSHA e-portal.
(2021) Target? for secondary / senior secondary level teachers
To train primary school teachers, so they can improve the reading and maths
NISHTHA 3.0
skill of kids.
NISHTHA 4.0
to train the master trainers so they can train other teacher.
( ECCE )
Early Childhood Care and Education ( ECCE ): extra classes to improve
ECCE
reading/maths skills by class3.
🎖
National Award - given since 1958 for primary , middle and secondary school teachers.
to Teachers - award of ₹ 50,000 / - and a silver medal .
62.8.2 Samagra Siksha → DIKSHA Portal for E-learning

• DIKSHA Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing ( DIKSHA ) , launched in 2017 ,
• Target Audience? teachers , students and parents
• E-learning according to prescribed school curriculum.
62.8.3 👨‍👴🏫‍ Samagra Shiksha: Notable components/ initiatives
Note: it is possible that some of these schemes are already running from the earlier Congress years,
but henceforth they will be considered a part of Samagra Siksha. So kindly do not raise queries about
the inconsistency in chronology/timeline.
SS Initiative features
Atal Tinkering research/innovation labs in the school with class 6–12. ₹10 lakh given for lab-
Labs ( ATL ) infra. Only the good performing schools given this fund.
(1) Financial Support for Salary of all teachers
(2) Salary for Hindi language teachers in North Eastern and non - Hindi
Salary & funds
speaking states.
(3) - Library Grant, - Sports Grant
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas ( KGBV ) with hostel facility up class12.
Girl Child
self - defence training to the girls in the schools
E-learning DIKSHA portal
online portal for teachers training (2016). However, nowadays, DIKSHA is the
Prashikshak
main portal used for this purpose.
free textbooks, upto class8, all children will be given free textbooks.
Rashtriya
Avishkar to increase love for science and mathematics among students aged 6 to 18 years .
Abhiyan
e - Pathshala NCERT books are available for free in digital version on e - Pathshala app .
PM interacts with students , parents , teachers in India and abroad interact to
Pariksha Pe
address their stress/concerns about exam. Normally face-to-face interaction, but
Charcha
during Corona digital interaction.
• Growing Aptitude in Numerical Innovations & Training ( GANIT )
• in CBSE-schools to promote maths, to commemorate the birth
GANIT Week
anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan -on 22nd December (also called
National Mathematics Day)
62.9 🕌M ADRASSA EDUCATION
62.9.1 → Madrassa → Union govt funding
Union Education Ministry gives upto ₹50 lakhs to Madrassa / Maktabs / Dar - ul - Uloom for
following purposes:
• teaching formal subjects , i.e . , Science , Mathematics , Social studies , Hindi and English
• if such institution joins NIOS [National Institute of Open Schooling] → then NIOS will
conduct board exam, so muslim student gets formal certificate for class10–12 etc. Which can
help him in college admission and job application.
62.9.2 🕌 Madrassa → Assam madrassas converted into middle English (ME) schools
• 1995 onwards: various laws passed by Assam state legislature to provide funding and salary
to Madres and its teachers.
• 2021: BJP CM Himanta Biswa Sarma said State govt cannot bear the expenditure of religious
education. → previous State laws were repealed to stop Madrassa funding.
• by 2023: Assam government has converted and renamed 1,281 madrasas into middle English
(ME) schools.
62.10 💰S CHOLARSHIP FOR CLASS9-12 → NMMSS AND NSIGSE
Note: previously, the family income condition and Scholarship amount were lower but in 2022–23,
education Ministry updated it. So if my notes’ facts do not match other Books = it is not typing
mistake on my part.
Matter
🙋‍♀️🙋National Means - cum - Merit 🙋‍♀️ National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for
Scholarship Scheme (NMMSS) Secondary Education ( NSIGSE )
2008. But critics alleged govt stopped giving
Launched 2008. Continued till 2025–26
money since 2018.
Classes Class 9–12 Class 9–12
- class 9–12 ke bright student from (1) SC/ST girl
Beneficiary? poor family [if parent income not (2) All girls from Kasturba Gandhi Balika
more than ₹ 3.50 lakh per year] Vidhalayas (irrespective of SC/ST status)
Yes, State/UT Govt will conduct an
Scholarship
exam/test to identify bright No exam to get this scholarship.
Exam / Test?
students.
Union deposits ₹3000 fixed deposit in girl’s
bank account. Girl can withdraw it IF ONLY
two conditions met simultaneously:
Scholarship ₹ 1000/- from class9–12
(1) She completes class9–12 AND saath hi
saath
(2) She remains unmarried till age of 18
• since 2015: scholarship money transferred directly to the bank account of the student linked
with Aadhaar card via Public Financial Management System (PFMS- ref Pillar2A)
• National Scholarship Portal (NSP) to help students apply for these scheme.
• 100% funding by Union. State government not required to contribute money.
• Boss? Edu ministry → Department of School Education and Literacy
62.11EDU ( 📐📊) → R ANKINGS FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION
62.11.1 Annual Status of Education Report ASER Report by NGO Pratham

 Latest ASER-2022 Report (released in 2023-Jan)
 percentage of children attending government school increased from 65% (2018) to 73% (2022)
because poor parents cannot afford the fees of private schools. (सरकारी स्कू लों में पढ़ने वाले बच्चों की सं ख्या
बढ़ी है. क्योंकि निजी स्कू ल की फीस मां-बाप भरने में असमर्थ हो रहे हैं. क्योंकि कोरोनावायरस के नौकरी धंधे चौपट हो गए थे)
 only 20% class3 kids can read class2 books. (तीसरी कक्षा के मात्र 20% बच्चे ही दूसरी कक्षा की किताब पढ़ पाते हैं)
62.11.2 Education reports- Misc.

Table 2: School Ranking → other notable reports। DONOT LOOSE SLEEP
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a test conducted by
OECD every 3 yrs to check 15-yr-old students in reading, maths and science.
PISA by
- 2009: India got very poor score so boycotted tests in next seasons (2012,
OECD
2015, 2018).
- 2019: India signed agreement with OECD to conduct it in 2021.
• Since Govt doesn’t like ASER/PISA methodology (or their findings!!) so
NAS by
• Education Ministry publishes its own National Achievement Survey
CBSE/
(NAS) survey to assess kids in class 3, 5, 8 and 10
NCERT
• Test-paper is designed by NCERT and Test-Exam is conducted by CBSE.
SEQI by NITI Ayog’s School Education Quality Index (SEQI) - doesn’t have any MCQ
NITI worthy components.
- by EDUCATION Ministry for 2019-20. To monitor performance of school. It
collects data from
- 1) Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE),
PGI by Edu - 2) National Achievement Survey (NAS), 3) Mid-Day Meal.
Ministry - Ranking: It has 10 levels. Level 1 indicates top-notch performance.
No state had reached Level 1. Punjab achieved highest score and Meghalaya
lowest score. विद्यालय गुणवत्ता परीक्षण के लिए शिक्षा मं त्रालय का PGI सूचकांक जिसमें पंजाब को सबसे
ज़्यादा और मेघालय को सबसे कम अंक मिले हैं
 Ending Learning Poverty report: It defines Learning poverty as being unable
to read and understand a simple text by age 10. (शैक्षणिक गरीबी)
World Bank
 For India, it’s 54.8% of children’s aged 10 suffer from ‘learning poverty’.
Sweden barely 2%
62.12 📐🤦‍♂️:🧔 E DU → NO DETENTION POLICY & RTE AMENDMENT 2019
- RTE Act 2009: Section 16: ‘No child can be failed till class 8’.
- Although students have to be examined under Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
(CCE: सतत और व्यापक मूल्यांकन) wherein teacher gives them assignments, essay writing, personal
mentoring & remedial classes for weak students. (असाइनमेंट, निबं ध लेखन, व्यक्तिगत सलाह)
- But Govt school teachers don’t have time / energy / morale due to low salary / contractual job /
Election / Census / Yoga-day / Khelo India / Mann-Ki-Baat & other auxiliary duties e.g. Bihar
teachers required to do morning patrolling to stop open defecators with torchlight and whistles
under Swatchh Bharat Mission. (बहुत सारी सरकारी सर्वेक्षण और योजनाओं के काम शिक्षक से करवाए जाते हैं)
- So, CCE done for namesake, every student is passed casually till class 8 → students become very
lax in studies → pathetic scores in ASER survey. [सिर्फ कागजी दिखावे के लिए ये क्रिया की जाती थी]
- Finally, Govt woke up & enacted Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education
(Amendment) Act, 2019 that from now onwards:
I. Regular exam @class 5 and 8. [परीक्षा होगी. हवा में पास करके आगे नहीं चढ़ा देंगे]
II. If student fails → re-test within 2 months → if he again fails → State Govt may hold
(detain) him in the same class for another year. So ‘yes detention policy’ (बच्चा उस
परीक्षा में असफल हुआ तो उसी कक्षा में एक साल और रोकना होगा..)
62.12.1 👩🏻‍⚖️ 📐🤦‍♂️:🧔 RTE amendments - 25% quota vs State rules to avoid it vs Bombay HC
• RTE requires (1) Private schools to give 25% admission quota of Class 1 students to “weaker
section and disadvantaged group in the neighbourhood. (2) Pvt School need to give fee
concession to these quota students (3) State government need to pay subsidy to the private
school to cover up the fee-concession/fee-loss.
• Kerala (2011), Karnataka (2018), Maharashtra (2024) : These state govts made rules - if there
is a govt school within 1 km radius of the private school, then private school need not give
admission quota. (यदि किसी निजी स्कू ल के एक किलोमीटर दायरे में सरकारी स्कू ल मौजूद हो. तो फिर उसे निजी स्कू लों ने
गरीब और कमजोर वर्ग के विद्यार्थियों को 25 प्रतिशत आरक्षण नहीं देना होगा।)
• 2024-May: Bombay HC stays above step taken by Maharashtra State Govt.
62.12.2 📐🤦‍♂️:🧔 RTE amendments - other
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 provides for free and compulsory
education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India. here are its important amendments
Amendment Provision
RTE Act shall not apply to Madrasas , Vedic Pathshalas and educational institutions
2012
that are giving religious training.
2017 technical amendments related to qualification of teachers.
changes in the “no detention policy”. State government can take exam at 5th and
2019
8th standard, and failed students may be required to repeat the same class again.
62.12.3 🎓Edu → CBSE Class12 Result 30:30:40 formula
कोरोना के चलते 10-12th की बोर्ड परीक्षाएं हुई रद्द। तो फिर बच्चों को आगे की कक्षा/कोलेज में दाख़िला कै से मिलेगा
Corona-2021: Central Board of School Education (CBSE) cancelled the Class12 board exams.
Student to get marksheet based internal exam using the 30:30:40 formula. How it worked? NOTIMP
62.13 📐🔠💯🧔 E DU → NATIONAL TESTING AGENCY (NTA) & NEET
- 2017: राष्ट्रीय परीक्षण एजेंसी (NTA) setup as an autonomous body under HRD/Edu Ministry, registered
under Indian Societies Registration Act, 1860.
- Initially, NTA given ₹ 25 cr. then it’s supposed to be self-sustained (by charging exam fees)
- Structure:
○ Board of Governors → Chairman: A noted educationist. Members: From the institutes
for which NTA conducts entrance exam. [अध्यक्ष एक जानामाना शिक्षाविद होना चाहिए]
○ A CEO / Director General for day to day affairs. [रोज़ का काम देखने के लिए]
Earlier CBSE conducted JEE, NEET & UGC NET entrance. NTA’s task is to conduct those exam
(online), and then expand itself to conduct other exams as well. Presently, NTA conducts →
1. Engineering: Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)
2. Medical: National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET: राष्ट्रीय पात्रता व् प्रवेश परीक्षा): twice a year
from 2019. It replaces the erstwhile All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT).
a. NEET remains in controversy because of the age limit criteria, stringent security checks,
wrong questions/ wrong translation, alleged injustice to non-English medium students,
Tamilandu Govt opposed. (तमिलनाडु का इल्ज़ाम कि हमारे ग़ैर-अंग्रेज़ी माध्यम के बच्चों के साथ अन्याय)
b. 2022: Maximum age limit for appearing in NEET-UG exam is removed. (आयु मर्यादा ख़त्म )
3. UGC National Eligibility Test(NET) for Assistant Professorship & Research Fellows: twice a year.
4. Pharmacy: Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT)
5. Management courses: Common Management Admission Test (CMAT)
6. Hotel Management Joint Entrance Examination
7. National Testing Agency (NTA): to get admission in 45 Central universities.
62.13.1 📐 Edu → Libraries in 👛Budget-2023 for children and teenagers.
Digital Library Physical libraries
@ National level. @ Panchayat & Municipal ward levels
it will be “device agnostic“= State governments will be given 50
android/apple/microsoft etc- Will work on years interest free loans for it by Union.
every device (Ref: Pillar#2D)
62.14 📐E DU → HIGHER EDU: COLLEGES & UNI. (उच्चतर शिक्षा)
(Origin/Data) There were only 20 universities and 500 colleges at the time of independence - which
have increased by more than 50 times in the case universities and more than 80 times in the case of
colleges.
👨🏻‍🎓
62.14.1 Higher Edu → RUSA renamed as PM USHA (2024)
• Boss? Edu Ministry → Department of Higher Education
• centrally sponsored core scheme. Both Union + States also need to give money.
• ₹ ₹ for new colleges, faculty recruitment, research grants, scholarship etc.
• 2013: Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) launched for higher education.
• 2024: renamed as Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA).
• covers govt and government-aided institutions of the States and UTs
• It has been updated as per provisions of National Education Policy 2020 (NEP). e.g. focus on
funding for market-linked courses, industry connects, student internships, etc; rigorously
tracking and monitoring employability outcomes, promote e-learning/ virtual learning etc.
62.14.2 Higher Education other schemes

IoE  Budget 2016: We’ll develop 10 Public + 10 private = 20 Institutions with world
class teaching & research facilities.
 We’ll give them 1000 cr over the next 5 year & call them ‘Institutions of
Eminence’ (IoE) उत्कृ ष्ट सं स्थान.
 Edu Ministry + UGC invited applications from institutes → N. Gopalaswami
Committee shortlisted SIX IoE (2018): 3 from private + 3 from public.
 😰Controversy because Jio Institute (Reliance Foundation), Pune also
shortlisted as a ‘greenfield project’ but they’ve not even started the institute yet.
Later, they even announced more institutes. Ball by ball
Deemed to  Based on UGC advise, HRD/Edu Ministry grants “Deemed to be University”
be status to an institute, then it gets freedom in deciding courses, syllabus,
University admissions and fees. [ये सं स्थान अपना अभ्यासक्रम, प्रवेशनिति, फीस इत्यादि तय कर सकता है]
 Deemed Universities can also grant degrees on their own. During UPA raj,
many institutes given this tag, later 40+ found deficient in faculty &
infrastructure so blacklisted.[हालांकि ऐसी की सं स्थाओं में बुनियादी सुविधा और शिक्षकों की कमी]
 2017: SC ordered such institutes can’t use ‘university’ tag. So, Manipal
University need to use the term ‘Manipal Academy of Higher Education’ etc.
Sanskrit Central Sanskrit Universities Act, 2020 to convert following institutions into
Univ 'Central Universities' [कें द्रीय विश्वविद्यालय कानून]
- 1) Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi,
- 2) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, New Delhi,
- 3) Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, Tirupati
✋BUT MORE IMP for UGC-NET exam, less for IAS exam)
(
62.14.3 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Number of institutes as per 📙ES23

Institution 2014 2022
Medical 387 648
Colleges
MBBS Seats 51,348 96,077
IITs 16 23
IIMs 13 20
IIITs 9 25
Universitie 723 1,113
s
62.14.4 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking by Education Ministry

1. National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) done annually since 2016. Separate rankings
for following categories- overall, universities, engineering, management, college, pharmacy,
medical, architecture, law, dental and research institutions. 2023: Overall #1= IIT Madras. 2 =
IISC Bengaluru. 3= IIT Delhi.
2. Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA): It gives rankings for different
different types of institutes viz. 1) ranking Centrally funded technical institutions (eg IITs, NITs,
etc) 2) State Universities 3) State Standalone Technical colleges 3) Private Universities 4) Private
Standalone Technical Colleges 5) Non-Technical Government 6) Private Univs.
3. All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE)
62.14.5 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking : Misc
📊 NAAC  National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a body funded by
UGC that evaluates colleges & universities on A++ to D rating.
rating
 Edu Ministry provides mentoring to institutions seeking NAAC Accreditation
under a scheme called “Paramarsh”
QS Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings by UK based org
Ranking - Usually following organizations tend to be Top-200 ranking- IIT-Bombay, IIT-
Delhi, Indian Institute of Science (IISc, Bengaluru).
📔📔 ES20: Indian students spend US$ 5.0 billion (2018-19) in foreign universities’ education, hostel
etc. if we want to reduce current account deficit, we must reduce such ‘education (service) imports’.
🔠❓ National Institutional Ranking Framework 2021, ____ got overall top ranking? [IES-2021]
(a) Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (b) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
(c) Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (d) Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
62.15 👻😷📐🤳 E DU → PORTALS/APPS/ORGS → POST-CORONA

PRASHAST App by Education Ministry. - To monitor 21 disability conditions among
school-children & generate school-wise report. (बच्चों में विकलांगता जाँचने के लिए)
NISHTHA 4.0 Teacher training programme for Early Childhood Care and Education.
(ECCE) Aims to train 25 Lakh teachers at pre-primary and primary level.
🤳 Abhyas app National Testing Agency (NTA)'s mobile app for IIT-JEE mock tests.
🤳 VidyaDaan 2.0 HRD/Edu Ministry portal To help the educators contribute e-learning
(2020-April) content via DIKSHA portal
🤳 YUKTI 2.0 Young India Combating COVID with Knowledge, Technology and
कोरोना सं शोधन के बारे में Innovation (YUKTI) is HRD/Edu Ministry's portal for sharing info about:
Research, Innovation, Technologies, Startup (सं शोधन,
नवपरिवर्तन,तकनीक,स्टार्टअप) esp. those related to Corona
🤳 Bharat Padhe HRD/Edu Ministry campaign for Crowd sourcing of Ideas for Improving
Online (2020-April) Online Education ecosystem of India
🤳 SAMARTH  It is an open source Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP) software. उद्यम
सं साधन आयोजन के लिए बना सॉफ्टवेयर
 Helps keeping track of student attendance, teacher salary, fees
collection, exam score etc. It is developed by the HRD/Edu Ministry
 under the National Mission of Education in Information and
Communication Technology Scheme (NMEICT). =Such microscopic
technical preparation = NOTIMP
🎅 STARS program  Who? World Bank, Education Ministry, Department of Economic
Affairs (DEA, FinMin),
by World Bank
विश्व बैंक द्वारा आर्थिक ⏫
 What? $500 million to school education in six States viz Himachal
सहायता Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and
Rajasthan.
 For Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States' (STARS)
🤳 GOAL Project Facebook + Tribal Affairs Ministry to skilling and mentorship of ST youth
through online mode.
📊Global Edu by UNESCO. 2020-June
Monitoring (GEM) Corona affected the access to education od 1.5 billion students across the
Report world. Poor suffered the most because of no access to internet.
Plus lots of data but poor cost-benefit in chasing it
🎅 Global Education launched by UNESCO. 2020-May
Coalition To coordinate educational activities during Post-Corona
Yuva 2.0 Competition for the young authors to get their book published with the
help of national book trust (NBT) (युवा लेखकों को मौक़ा देने के लिए।)
Akhil Bharatiya It was a summit at Varanasi by the Ministry of Education in association
Shiksha Samagam with the UGC and Banaras Hindu University. The event brought together
(2022) over 300 Vice Chancellors and Directors from public and private
universities- said 📙ES23.
62.16 📐🤳 E DU → MISC. PORTALS / INITIATIVES (BEFORE CORONA)
62.16.1 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: School infra/result monitoring
 To collaborate with NGO, Corporates for sharing innovative
Shaala Saarthi portal
practices running schools. अच्छे प्रबं धन प्रणालियों को साझा करना
Shaala Siddhi portal  Help the Schools in their self-evaluation. विद्यालयों का स्व मूल्यांकन
 HRD/Edu Ministry’s portal for Unified District Information on
UDISE+
School Education जिला स्तर पर विद्यालय शिक्षा की जानकारी
62.16.2 📐🤳 Edu → SWAYAM Portal
 2017: Edu Ministry’s free Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) portal for school, college
courses. Anyone can join and learn online for free.
 SWAYAM = Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds.
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is an initiative by 7 IITs +
Indian institute of science (IISC). They’ve launched many free courses on SWAYAM portal.
 2019: Version 2.0 launched which offers 1) courses translated in Indian languages 2) online
degrees 3) better features etc.
 e-PGPathshala : For credit (marks) database for SWAYAM courses.
62.16.3 📐🤳 SWAYAM E-learning portal → 4 components

1. Video lectures ;
2. Downloadable reading material
3. Self assessment online tests / quizzes. [If u want certificate then u’ve to pay fees & go for
offline test at their centre]
4. Online discussion forum for doubt resolutions.
62.16.4 👨🏻‍🎓📡SWAYAM Plus Platform for industry-ready courses (2024)
• will offer courses developed collaboratively with the famous companies such as L&T,
Microsoft, CISCO etc.
• subjects: Manufacturing, Energy, Computer Science and Engineering/IT/ITES, Management
Studies, Healthcare, Hospitality and Tourism
• IIT Madras will be operating the ‘SWAYAM Plus’ Platform.
• Certificates / Credit to be given by industry players.
• Credit points will be added in academic bank of credits of the student.
🔠⁉️ MCQ. Which of the following is not a part of the SWAYAM programme? (CDS-2023-I)
(a) Video lectures (b) Classroom lectures (c) Online discussion forum for clearing doubts
(d) Specially prepared material that can be downloaded/printed
🔠❓MCQ. ‘SWAYAM’, an initiative of the Govt of India, aims at: (Asked in UPSC-Pre-2016)
a) promoting the Self Help Groups in rural areas
b) providing financial and technical assistance to young start-up entrepreneurs
c) promoting the education and health of adolescent girls
d) providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free
62.16.5 📐🤳 Edu → E-learning → Misc:
Digital  👜🥻Budget-2022: we’ll setup a Digital University for students across
country in local languages. So they can earn degree from anywhere in
University
India.
 For digital/online/ on-air (TV) education. It includes →
 One Nation, One Digital Education (DIKSHA) Platform.
PM E-Vidhya
 One Class, One TV channel through Swayam Prabha TV Channels
 👜🥻 Budget-2022: we’ll launch these TV channels for Class-1 to 12.
e-Pathshala  Portal By NCERT to provide textbooks in e-books, audiobooks format.
 HRD/Edu Ministry’s project to run 32 DTH channels for education e.g.
SWAYAM
‘IITPAL’ TV Channel to assist the class11-12 students prepare for IIT
PRABHA
entrance exam.
 Operation Digital Board (ODB): HRD/Edu Ministry to create minimum 2
ODB
smart classes for every Secondary/Senior Secondary schools by 2023.
E-Gyankosh  massive open online course (MOOC) portal by IGNOU.
E9 Initiative  UNESCO to focus on 9 countries for Digital Education viz. Bangladesh,
Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan. This
will help in achievement of SDG4 – Education by 2030.
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a
specialised agency of UN. (HQ: Paris, France, Founded in 1945)
DigiSaksham  Labour Ministry’s scheme for digital skills for youth with help of Microsoft
NEAT  by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE),
(2019)  National Education Alliance for Technology (NEAT),
 PPP with ed-tech companies to help the poor students to get computer
related courses and devices. पिछड़े वर्ग और ग़रीब वर्ग के बच्चों को कं प्यूटर के कोर्स और
साधन मिल सके उसके लिए सरकारी योजना
62.16.6 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Anti-ragging / life values/mental health
Manodarpan Edu ministry provides psycho-social support to students, teachers and parents
AntiRagging App by University Grants Commission (UGC) to complaint against ragging.
 HRD/Edu Ministry’s (higher education) Student Induction Programme.
Deeksharambh UGC prepared guidelines for it e.g. setting up mentor groups, physical
2019 fitness & hobby groups, interaction with teacher before start of semester
etc. so freshers become comfortable in college.
Jeevan  UGC designed this Curriculum for Life Skills (Jeevan Kaushal) for
Kaushal Undergraduate to give them Life Skills e.g. communication skill,
interpersonal skill, time management, problem solving ability, decision
making capacity, leadership ability [सं वाद कौशल, समय प्रबं धन, समस्या निवारण, निर्णय
क्षमता, नेतृत्व क्षमता को बेहतर करने के लिए]
🧛
62.16.7 Mulya Pravah 2.0 ethical guidelines by UGC
• 2019: version 1.0 issued → 2023: version 2.0 issued.
• Boss? University Grants Commission (UGC)
• Aim? inculcate values and ethics in higher education institutions- among students, teachers
and administrators (e.g. Clerk, Librarian, Registrar etc). (उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थानों के विद्यार्थी शिक्षक और
कर्मचारियों में नैतिक मूल्यों का सिंचन)
To fight against unethical / unprofessional conduct in College/Universities such as
favouritism/discrimination in hiring, pay and promotion; sexual harassment; lack of
discipline/bullying/ragging; politicisation and hartal/strikes for vested interests; collusion with
vendors for personal gain in purchase of college, furniture, Library books etc (क्योकि अभी तो कॉलेजो में
बेहिसाब अनैतिक कृ त्य चल रहे है।)
🔠❓ MCQ. Find correct Statements. [UPSC-IES-2021]
1. NISHTHA is a teachers training program.
2. SVANidhi is a scheme to facilitate artisans to access affordable working capital load.
3. SATYABHAMA is a scheme to promote research and development in science and technology.
4. Manodarpan is a scheme to promote tourism in rural parts of India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 2 only
62.16.8 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Startup ke liye
NEAT  National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT). HRD/Edu Ministry
ties up with Edutech companies for personalized learning through Artificial
Intelligence (AI) [कृ त्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता की मदद से ऑनलाइन शिक्षा]
Smart  HRD/Edu Ministry’s annual competition inviting youth to develop
Hackathon hardware / software solutions to address problems faced by Govt
2017 organizations, PSUs and even NGOs.
 Social Justice ministry to support 1000 Start-ups of Scheduled Caste (SC)
ASIIM, 2020
youth over next 4 years via venture capital fund.
KAPILA  Edu Ministry training college students on how to file patents
62.16.9 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Teachers’ training
ARPIT  Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching for online training of college
initiative faculty. [कॉलेज अध्यापकों की तालिम]
EQUIP five  HRD/Edu Ministry’s five year plan to improve higher education in 2019-
year plan 2024. [उच्च शिक्षा सं स्थानों को बेहतर करने के लिए शिक्षा मं त्रालय की 5 साल की योजना]
62.16.10 📐🇺🇸 Edu → Misc: NRI/foreign teachers/students ko bring to India?
VAJRA Ministry of Science & Technology pays ₹ ₹ to get NRI/Overseas scientist

🛫 👩‍🏫 faculties to come & teach in India under VAJRA (Visiting Advanced Joint
Research) scheme. [विदेशों से भारतीय प्रोफे सरों की अस्थायी घर वापसी]
 HRD/Edu Ministry’s Global Initiative for Academics Network (GIAN)
GIAN Network portal helps students connect with national & foreign faculty, industrialists
for knowledge sharing.[विद्यार्थी देश-विदेश के अध्यापकों और उद्योगपतियों से मिल सके ]
Stay in India  HRD/Edu Ministry’s campaign to attract foreign students to study in our
and higher educational institutions. [विदेशी विद्यार्थियों को भारत में पढ़ाई के लिए बुलाओ]
Study in India  Through centralised admission web-portal (studyinindia.gov.in)
(2019)  Student awareness seminars, social media campaigns in South-East Asia,
Middle East and Africa. [विदेशों में जागृति अभियान]
 25-100% fee waivers to meritorious foreign students.[फीस माफी/रियायत]
 💼Budget-2020: If foreign student from Asia / Africa wants scholarship,
he’ll have to pass Indian Scholastic Assessment (IND-SAT) online test.
 Related: e-VidyaBharati and e-AarogyaBharati (e-VBAB) Network: It’s
setup by External Affairs Ministry for health-education info exchange with
AFRICAN Countries.
🔠❓MCQ. 'Stay in India and Study in India' is initiated by _ _ _ (UPSC-CDS-2020-ii)
(a) the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (b) the Ministry of Culture.
(c) the Ministry of Education (d) the Ministry of Tourism.
62.16.11 📐🇺🇸 Foreign Uni Campus in India- UGC Draft rules 2023
- NEP-2020 allows foreign universities’ campuses in India.

- 2022-Jan: UGC released draft guidelines.
- Top-500 universities can setup campus in India.
- Foreign uni will be give freedom to decide fees & admission rule.
- Foreign uni can recruit Indians and foreigners as faculty, as per their wish.
- Foreign Uni can take back the money/fees earned from India to their home country. (Related
Act: Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 1999.)
- They have to compulsorily conduct off-line classes in India. They cannot run the course online.
- 🤩 This will help (1) reducing brain drain for higher education (2) Indian students study can get
the best education within India instead of having to travel to foreign countries. (and thus, Indian
students will be saved from problems such as MBBA-course non-finishing in Ukraine war.)
(विदेशी विश्वविद्यालय अपना कैं पस भारत में भी खोल सकें गे. उन्हें अपनी फीस तय करने में, प्रोफे सरों की नियुक्ति करने में खुली छू ट होगी. भारत से
कमाया हुआ धन, वह अपने मादरे वतन ले जा पाएं गे इत्यादि)
62.16.12 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Girl students / girl scientists / PH
• ‘SWATI’ (Science for Women-A Technology & Innovation) Portal
👩‍🔬SWATI • Boss? Dept of Biotechnology → National Institute of Plant Genome
portal Research (NIPGR), New Delhi
(2024) • Objective? To promote women in STEMM (Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics & Medicine).
- Dept of Sci & Tech’ scheme for helping women scientists
KIRAN 👩‍🔬 - SEPARATELY, Social Justice Ministry has “KIRAN HELPLINE” For
mental health.
 HRD/Edu Ministry’s ‘UDAAN- Giving Wings to Girls’ scheme gives free
UDAAN coaching to 1000 selected girls so they can pass IIT/technical institutes’
entrance exam.
Boss? AICTE gives scholarship for girl students in technical courses in
Pragati
colleges.
Dept of Sci & Tech’s scheme to encourage girls to join career in Science,
Vigyan Jyoti
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
GATI  Dept of Sci & Tech’s "GATI- Gender advancement through transforming
institutions" to encourage women scientists.
 British Govt project "Athena SWAN" (Scientific Women's Academic
Network): similar objective & they’re collaborating with GATI
CURIE Dept of Sci & Tech’s scheme to improve R&D infra in women universities.
Swami - Boss? UGC
Vivekananda - Pay fees for girl student’s fees for college.
Scholarship - Preference for such girls who happen to be the only girl child in their family .
♿️ SAKSHAM a Scholarship for Differently Abled Children to pursue technical education .
62.16.13 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Making science/research useful/popular
 Dept of Sci & Tech (DST) and IBM Computer company collaboration to
STEM promote STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
learning among students.
Unnat Bharat  HRD/Edu Ministry gives ₹ ₹ to IIT, NIT etc to carry out research /
Abhiyan 2014 consultancy for rural / local problems.
 ISRO to train 60 talented students from Class 9 to Class 12. ₹₹ by
DHRUV
HRD/Edu Ministry (So later some of them could become scientist)
Faculty given ₹₹ for research in this Scheme for Trans-disciplinary Research for
STRIDE
India’s Developing Economy (STRIDE)
Prime Minister’s Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA) → setup EChO Network
ECHO
for providing leadership training to scientists and researchers.
Prime Minister Research Fellows by HRD/Edu Ministry
PMRF Talented B.Tech / M.Tech / M.Sc students from selected institutes given direct
Ph.D admission in the IITs / IISc + monthly stipend.
IIT and IISc joint initiative to solve major engineering and technology
IMPRINT India
challenges of India, started in 2015.
Impactful Policy Research in Social Science (IMPRESS). It gives ₹₹ to social
IMPRESS
science research.
Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC)
SPARC HRD/Edu Ministry gives ₹₹ for to Joint Research Projects between top ranked
Indian Institutions and globally ranked Foreign Institutions.
Ref: Pillar#4 handout → Smart India Hackathon, and truckload of other
Further,
schemes for IPR but beyond a point, poor cost benefit.
62.16.14 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: National Unity
 HRD/Edu Ministry pairs 1 state/UT with another state on yearly basis e.g.
Ek Bharat
Rajasthan : West Bengal. They organize Youth Exchange, sports, singing-
Shrestha Bharat
dancing, cultural programs etc. → More unity in India & less stone pelting.
 Appointment of Language Teachers (ALT) Scheme: HRD/Edu Ministry to
ALT give ₹₹ for appointment and training of Hindi teachers in North Eastern
States and the Urdu Teachers in States/UTs.
 Ishan Uday = Scholarships for college students belonging to North - East
Region
North East
 Ishan Vikas = Academic Exposure for North - Eastern school students.
They get to visit IITs , NITs and IISERs during their vacation.
62.16.15 📐🤳 Edu → Misc: Civic duties, Adult Edu (प्रौढ़ शिक्षा)
 HRD/Edu Ministry Launched on the 70th Constitution day on (26/11/19).
 The portal will be used primarily for holding monthly essay / quiz / poster
Kartavya Portal
making competitions for students for Nagrik Kartavya Paalan Abhiyan- to
create mass awareness about fundamental duties. नागरिक कर्तव्य के प्रति चेतना
Saakshar  HRD/Edu Ministry scheme for achieving min. 80% Adult literacy, &
Bharat 2009 reduce the gap between male-female adult literacy rates.
Padhna Likhna  Edu ministry scheme for adult-literacy through 4 month coaching course
Abhiyaan 2020 with help of civil society, NCC Cadets, CSR funding (Ref1C) etc.
प्रौढ़ शिक्षा  Main focus on Aspirational Districts (Ref:4C NITI)
New India  Education ministry scheme for adult-education (2022-27)

 Target 1 crore illiterate persons every year.
Literacy
 1st priority to illiterates in 15-35 age group.
Programme
 These adult learners will also use e-learning platforms such as OLTAS
(NILP)
(Online Teaching, Learning and Assessment System) for self-study.
 - target audience: citizens of age 15 or higher who couldn’t to school.
ULLAS mobile
 - ULLAS (Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society) mobile app
application
aims to help them learning.
🔠❓MCQ. ‘Unnat Bharat Abhiyan’ aims for ?(Asked in UPSC-Pre-2017)
a) Achieving 100% literacy by promoting collaboration between voluntary organizations and
government’s education system and local communities.
b) Connecting institutions of higher education with local communities to address development
challenges through appropriate technologies.
c) Strengthening India’s scientific research institutions in order to make India a scientific and
technological power.
d) Developing human capital by allocating special funds for health care and education of rural and
urban poor, and organizing skill development programmes and vocational training for them.
62.16.16 ⌨️ APAAR - One nation, One Student ID

• Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR)
• It is part of the 'One nation, One Student ID’ initiative by Education Ministry.
• Each student gets a lifelong APAAR ID. (विद्यार्थी को आजीवन के लिए सिर्फ़ एक ही पंजीकरण-नंबर दिया जाए।)
• Helps learners, schools, and governments to track academic progress from pre-primary
education to higher education. (ताकि प्राथमिक शिक्षा से लेके उच्च शिक्षा तक उसकी तरक़्क़ी पे ध्यान रखा जा सके ।)
• APAAR is linked with Digilocker → students can store their important documents e.g.
markasheet/ certificates → easy to fill up College admission forms and job application forms.
(मार्क शीट/गुण-पत्रक का डिजिटल सं ग्रह )
• APAAR is linked with Academic Bank Credit (ABC) so student can utilise the marks from
various courses for getting degrees/diploma etc.
• If the student changes schools, whether within the state or to another state, all her data in the
ABC gets transferred to her new school just by sharing the APAAR ID. She won’t need to
provide physical documents or transfer certificates. (एक स्कू ल से दूसरी स्कू ल जब आप बदलते हैं तो काग़ज़ी
दस्तावेज़ लेके जाने की ज़रूरत नहीं है।)
• Aadhar card required to open APAAR ID account.
• Registration for APAAR ID is voluntary, not mandatory. (स्वैच्छिक है, अभी अनिवार्य नहीं है।)
• ✋🚨 Criticism? Wohi sab “right to privacy” ki pipudi. (निजता का हनन)
62.16.17 🔬 NRF Bill/Act 2023
 While China and USA spend over 2% of their GDP on research, India spends less than 0.7%.
 Presently individual ministries give research grants, which results into lack of coordination,
some sectors receive too much attention, some get neglected. So, (Full) Budget-2019 announced
to setup a National Research Foundation (NRF) to coordination research funding in India.
• NRF is Statutory body under National Research Foundation (NRF) Bill/Act, 2023 (राष्ट्रीय
अनुसं धान फाउंडेशन)
• This act repeals/removes/disbands Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), which
was established by an Act of Parliament in 2008.
62.16.18 🔬 NRF Structure (ढाँचा)
Organs of NRF Details
(1) ex-officio President : Prime Minister
(2) Two ex-officio Vice-Presidents: (i) Union Minister of Science &
Governing Board
Technology (ii) Union Minister of Education
(प्रबंध मं डल)
(3) Member Secretary : Principal Scientific Advisor
(4) Members: various department ke secretaries (usually IAS) & experts.
Executive Council Boss: Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. Members:
(कार्यकारी परिषद) various department ke secretaries (usually IAS) & experts.
• Nodal? Department of Science and Technology (DST)
62.16.19 🔬 NRF ke Functions (क्या क्या कार्य करेंगे)

• Target subjects/fields : (i) natural sciences including mathematics, (ii) engineering and
technology, (iii) environmental and earth sciences, (iv) health and agriculture, and (v)
scientific and technological interfaces of humanities and social sciences.
• Preparing short-term, medium-term, and long-term roadmaps for R&D (लघु मध्यम और दीर्घ
अवधि की रूपरेखा तैयार करेगा- सं शोधन अन्वेषण के लिए)
• Providing grants for research proposals. NRF officers will have the power to inspect such
applicant / college / universities etc. who get money from NRF. (विभिन्न सं स्थाओं को अनुदान देगा और
उनकी निगरानी करेगा।)
• Convert research into capital intensive technology / widespread market adoption. (in simple
terms, focus on research which is commercially profitable.) (वाणिज्यिक रूप से मुनाफ़े लायक़ हो ऐसे
सं शोधन करवाएगा।)
• Encourage investments & donations by private and public sector orgs. (सार्वजनिक और निजी क्षेत्र
की सं स्थाओं से चंदा निवेश लाएगा।)
• International collaboration (अंतरराष्ट्रीय सहयोग)
• Conduct annual surveys. (वार्षिक सर्वेक्षण)
62.16.20 🔬 NRF Funding sources: (पैसा किधर से लाएगा।)

• Grants & loans from the central government (कें द्र सरकार से अनुदान,कर्ज़/ऋण )
• Donations received. (दान/चंदा)
• Income from investments of the made by NRF Foundation (स्वयं इधर उधर निवेश करके उसमें कमाई।)
• Unspent fund of the erstwhile Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), which is
now disbanded. (विज्ञान और इंजीनियरिंग सं शोधन बोर्ड जिसे सरकार ने निरस्त कर दिया उसका बचाखुचा पैसा एनआरएफ़
को मिल जाएगा।)
• 🎯 Target: spend Rs. 50,000 crore for five years on research (2023–28).
• 👎 Criticism: Govt hopes 80% of this amount to come from deshi-foreign private sector, but
it is difficult to happen in reality. Previous economic surveys had observed that despite
Indian government providing tax benefit to private companies for R&D, yet companies
doing nothing, due to the jugaad mentality. मुं गेरीलाल के हसीन सपने की 80 % निवेश निजी कं पनियां देंगी!)
62.17 📐E DU → MISC. → YOUTH ORG.
According to the National Youth policy 2014: adolescents=10-19 years, youth= 15-29 years.
62.17.1 🕵🏼 🧗‍♀️Yearbook: Ministry of Youth Affairs And Sports (युवा कार्य और खेल मं त्रालय)
Dept 1) Dept of Youth Affairs 2) Dept. of Sports
Attached /  National Service Scheme (NSS) is a subordinate organization
Subordinate  whereas National Youth Corps and Youth Hostel are simply names of
(सं लग्न / अधीनस्थ) schemes.
Statutory  N/A or not MCQ worthy
Autonomous  Sports Authority of India (SAI)
bodies स्वायत्त  National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA), and Dope Testing laboratory.
सं स्थान  National Sports Development Fund
 Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS-1972)
 National Sports University, Manipur
62.17.2 🧗‍♀️Youth Schemes= Central Sector Schemes = 100% funded by Union.
Organization Notes
National Cadet Corps  Boss? Defence Ministry
(NCC-1948)  Motto: ‘Unity and Discipline’
National Service Scheme  Boss? Ministry of Youth affairs and Sports.
(NSS-1969)  Motto: “Not me, but you”. Voluntary Community Service.
1. Nehru Yuva Kendra  These Congressi-era things are all merged into a new
Sangathan (NYKS) umbrella’ scheme “Rashtriya Yuva Sashaktikaran Karyakram
2. National Youth Corps (RYSK)”
 Boss? Ministry of Youth affairs and Sports
(NYC)
3. Youth Hostel
62.17.3 ⚽️🤾🏻
‍♂️Khelo India Scheme → National Sports Education Board
 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports scheme that gives ₹ ₹ to financial help to meritorious
sportsmen, training of the coaches, ₹ ₹ to build stadium and other sports infrastructure,
awareness generation through mobile app, Fit INDIA campaign etc.
 (Full) Budget-2019 announced to setup a National Sports Education Board (राष्ट्रीय खेल शिक्षा बोर्ड)
under this scheme, for development of sportspersons.
 Yogasana given status of competitive sports.
62.18 📐 ✍️ C ONCLUSION-TEMPLATE-EDUCATION:
 SDG Goal #4: ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all. OR
 India can’t achieve SDG Goal 1 (Poverty removal) or SDG Goal 5 (Gender Equality) without
achieving SDG Goal 4 (education). OR
 Without education, a person can’t lead productive life in a globalising world OR
 Education improves a society’s health and nutritional status, economic growth, population
control, empowerment of the weaker sections.
Aforementioned schemes / initiatives / challenges are important in that regard / need to be addressed
on priority basis. (शिक्षा प्राप्त किए बिना भारत लक्ष्य 1 (गरीबी हटाने) या लक्ष्य 5 (लैंगिक समानता) प्राप्त कर नहीं सकता. शिक्षा के
बिना, कोई व्यक्ति वैश्वीकरण की दुनिया में उत्पादक जीवन वहन नहीं कर सकता । शिक्षा, समाज के स्वास्थ्य और पोषण की स्थिति, आर्थिक
विकास, जनसं ख्या नियंत्रण, कमजोर वर्गों के सशक्तीकरण में सुधार करती। ऊकत कदम प्रशं सनीय / ऊकत चुनौतियों से लड़ना जरूरी।)
63 💇👩‍🔧 HRD → S KILLING, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, RECRUITMENT
Meaning & Significance:

- (Definition) Skill (कौशल) is the special ability to perform a task in a proficient manner. (किसी कार्य
को कु शल तरीके से करने की विशेष क्षमता को कौशल कहते है)
- Vocational training is the method to improve a person’s skill for a given trade e.g. Auto repair,
Plumbing, carpentry or welding
- (Definition) Demographic dividend (जनसांख्यिकीय लाभांश) is economic growth potential when the
share of working-age population (कार्यशील आयु की जन सं ख्या ) becomes larger than the dependent
population (आश्रित जनसं ख्या: below 15 years & above 65). India >65% population is below 35 age.
- (DATA) Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-18: less than 14% workforce in 15-59 years
has received formal training. Majority of them learned the work through self-experience, family
or on-the-job training. (आवधिक श्रमबल सर्वेक्षण- ज्यादातर भारतीयों ने अनुभव या परिवार से काम करना सीखा, नौकरी
करने से पहले औपचारिक तालीम नहीं मिली)
- By 2020, average age of Indian population will be 29 years against USA (40 years), EU (46), Jap
(47). During next 20 years, 1st world’s labour force to decline by 4%, while in India it will
increase by 32%. So we’ve to reap our demographic dividend but that requires skill development.
- In the advanced economies, not more than 25% of the population is engaged in agriculture
( USA 4%, UK 5%, France 14%, Australia 16%). Whereas in India >40%. To shift this
population towards mfg / service sector jobs they must be given skill training.
63.1 🕵🏼 Y EARBOOK RECRUITMENT & TRAINING RELATED MINISTRIES
63.1.1 🕵🏼 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions

कार्मिक, लोक शिकायत और पेंशन मं त्रालय
Dept 1. Department of Personnel and Training (DoP&T)
2. Department of Pensions and Pensioners’ Welfare (DPPW). Associated with
Jeevan Pramaan digital life certificate with help of MEITY Ministry.
(Ref:Pillar-1D)
3. Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG:
प्रशासनिक सुधार और लोक शिकायत):
o celebrates Civil Services Day on 21st April since 2006,
o runs CPGRAMS portal for receiving citizen complaints,
o Good Governance index for States 2019: TN>MH >Karnataka.
Attached/  Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) for
Subordinate training IAS Probationers.
 Staff Selection Commission (SSC)
 Institute of Secretariat Training and Management (ISTM)
 Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB)
 Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) which obtains powers from the Delhi
Special Police Establishment Act (1946)
Constitutional  UPSC
Statutory  Read about following in Detail from Laxmikanth:
 Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) from 1985
 Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) setup in the 60s based on the
Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption, given statutory status
in 2003.
 Central Information Commission (CIC) under the Right to Information Act,
2005
 Lokpal act in 2013 → 1st Lokpal Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose in 2019.
Autonomous (1) National Recruitment Agency (NRA)
 to conduct the Common Eligibility Test (CET) to screen/shortlist candidates
for Staff Selection Commission (SSC), Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs)
and Institute of Banking Personnel Selection(IBPS).
 Based on the score obtained in the CET, candidates may appear in the
domain-specific tests by SSC, RRBs & IBPS respectively for the actual
recruitment.
(2) National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) was set up in Lal Bahadur
Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA). Cabinet Secretary
(IAS) is the chairperson of this body.
🔠⁉️ MCQ. Find correct about National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) ? (CDS-2023-II)
1. NCGG was set up by the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy.
2. The National Institute of Administrative Research (NIAR) has been subsumed into NCGG.
3. NCGG is an apex-level autonomous body under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
4. The Chairperson of the Governing Body of the NCGG is the Cabinet Secretary.
Codes: (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 3 and 4 only
Hint: Good governance related matters falls under (LBSNAA) Personnel ministry and not under
home affairs/police Academy. apply elimination technique.
63.1.2 👮 👨‍👴🏫 🤳
‍ Mission Karmayogi: Training of Civil servants (2020-Sept)
Mission Karmayogi:- National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) To
implement this, Govt employees will be trained for new India. Govt will setup….
- 1) Public Human Resources (HR) Council headed by Prime minister
- 2) setup a not-for-profit company Special Purpose Vehicle company for e-training
- 🤳 Integrated Govt Online Training-iGOT Karmayogi Platform.
3)
✋more details not important, unless PubAD is your optional subject

63.1.3 🕵🏼 Yearbook: Ministry of Labour and Employment
Dept  N/A
Attached/  Director General Employment
Subordinate  Chief Labour Commissioner
 Labour Bureau: It publishes Consumer Price Index Numbers for industrial
and agricultural rural workers.
 Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS)
Statutory  Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
 Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO)
 Central Govt Industrial Tribunal-cum-Labour Courts under the Industrial
Disputes Act 1947
Autonomous  V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, UP
CPSE  N/A or not MCQ worthy
63.2 💇👩‍🔧 🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] M INISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP
कौशल विकास और उद्यमिता मं त्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>

Dept N/A
Attached offices Directorate General of Training: to see Industrial Training Institute (ITI)
in State/UT have common syllabus, training modules
Statutory Bodies  N/A
Related company  National Skill Development Corporation (2008).
Autonomous body  30+ Sector specific Skill Councils e.g. Beauty & Wellness Sector Skill
Council, Construction Skill Development Council, Furniture &
Fittings Skill Council etc.
 NIESBUD (National Institute for Entrepreneurship & Small Business
Development) @Noida.
 IIE (Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship) @ Guwahati, Assam
Non-Statutory  National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT 1956)
regulatory body  National Skill Development Agency (NSDA 2013)
through gazette 2020: Govt merged above two bodies into a non-statutory regulatory
body known as ‘National Council for Vocational Education and Training
(NVCET)’
Notable Schemes  - PMKVY (Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana)
 - JSS (Jan Shikshan Sansthan) for Adult Education
63.3 ( 💇👩‍🔧)→ NSDC (2008, HQ @D ELHI)
- 2008: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC: राष्ट्रीय कौशल विकास निगम) setup as a not-
for-profit public limited company with shareholding: 49% from Skill Ministry + 51% from
private sector ASSOCHAM, CII and FICCI etc.
- Not for profit company. (Also called Section 8 company, under The Companies Act , 2013 ).
The main objectives of NSDC include
• Give funds for skill programs via a combination of debt, equity and grants;
• Create market-based business model for skill program (i.e. skill training should become a
profitable business in itself. Because if skill programmes are done for free, then trainee will
not take it very seriously.)
• implementing skills voucher programme; (e.g. give ₹1000 ka gift card to a learner, fir uski
marzi hai, she can use it to pay fees for any training program in any of the approved centres.)
• Training of the trainers with help of with states
🔠⁉️ MCQ. Find correct about National Skill Development Corporation? (CDS-2023-I)
1. It is a not-for-profit Public Limited Company set up by the Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship.
2. It promotes skill development by catalysing the creation of only large, quality and non-profit
vocational institutions.
63.4 ( 💇👩‍🔧)→ NSDF, NSDA, NSQF, NCVET

- 2009: National Skill Development Fund (NSDF-निधि) operated by Skill Ministry → NSDC. It
receives ₹ ₹ from various schemes & private donors → ₹ ₹ given to various ministries for
running their skill development programs.
- 2013: National Skill Development Agency (NSDA-एजेंसी) Autonomous Body under Skill
Ministry. It’s responsible for:
- Preparing National Labour Market Information System (LMIS) database.
- National Quality Assurance Framework (NQAF) to ensure that the coaching training
courses’ syllabus / methods are actually useful for the jobs requirements in present and
future. (सुनिश्चित करना की जो सिखाया जा रहा है वह असल में नौकरी/धंधे में उपयोगी है कि नहीं?)
- National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF: राष्ट्रीय कौशल योग्यता फ्रे मवर्क ) to organize
learners’ qualifications according to a levels of knowledge, skills and aptitude, including
the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL: पहले की विद्वता की मान्यता). For example:
Sample NSQF Framework →
Sector Job title & Code NSQF Training Job Description & Skill Set
Level hrs
Beauty & Assistant Hair 3 150 An Assistant Hair Stylist shampoos
Wellness Stylist and conditions hair, blow dries hair,
Sector Job title & Code NSQF Training Job Description & Skill Set
Level hrs
provides basic hair cuts as well as
(BWS/Q0201)
assists the hair stylist.
(BWS) 4 300 In addition to above skills, he can do
Hair Stylist
advanced hair styling, color the hairs,
(BWS/Q0202 )
scalp massage etc.
63.4.1 🕵🏼
NCVET 2018 (व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद)
 ‘National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NVCET)’ under Skill Ministry, is a
non-statutory regulatory body setup through Gazette notification.
 NCVET will have Chairman + members.
NCVET will be responsible for
1. Advise on short term long term vocational programs / syllabus etc.
2. Overseeing the Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), Skill certification / assessment bodies.
3. Those SSCs will supervise ground level vocational training institutes: their recognition,
regulation, inspection, certification etc. So, NCVET will be an ‘indirect regulator’ of the ground
level vocational training institutes.
4. Grievance redressal, research, awareness generation and information dissemination and
grievance redressal.
63.4.2 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 National Skill Development Mission (NSDM: 2015, by Skill Ministry)
NSDM To focus on 7 areas: 1. Institutional Training 2. Infrastructure 3. Convergence 4. Trainers 5.
Overseas Employment 6. Sustainable Livelihoods 7. Leveraging Public Infrastructure
🔠⁉️MCQ. Which of the following is/are the sub- mission/sub-missions of the National Skill
Development Mission (CDS-2023-I)? 1) Institutional training 2. Overseas employment 3.
Leveraging of public infrastructure Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 only
63.5 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 S KILL INDIA CAMPAIGN (2015: कौशल भारत अभियान)

Boss? Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. 4 components
1. National Skill Development Mission 2015→
a. 2018: SANKALP (Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood
Promotion) → To set up new training institutes, improve infrastructure of existing
institutes, Training of the trainers/assessors, encourage women, SC/ST/PH to join
programs. Core Scheme = States required to contribute some money.
b. 2017: STRIVE (Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement) → To improve
the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), National Skill Development
Agency (NSDA), etc. Central sector scheme = States not required to contribute money.
c. World Bank is giving ₹ ₹ support to both the schemes.
2. Skill Loan scheme: Students given bank loan from ₹ 5,000/- to ₹ 1,50,000/- to join skill
programs. (विद्यार्थियों को कौशल प्रशिक्षण के कोर्स करने के लिए बैंक से लोन / क़र्ज़ा मिले)
a. Loan tenure upto 7 years, Interest rate varies as per bank.
b. Bank will not charge processing/application fees, bank will not demand collaterals.
c. National Credit Guarantee Trust Company Ltd (NCGTC, under Department of
Financial Services) gives credit guarantee.
d. Govt / Bank ‘MAY’ give interest subsidy, if they want.
3. National Policy for Skill Development & Entrepreneurship 2015. Shortnote below
4. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) scheme. Shortnote Given below
63.5.1 ( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔
‍ ) Skill India3 → National Policy for Skill Dev. & Entrepreneurship 2015
- India’s Social-traditional view sees ‘Graduation Degree’ as a status. Vocational training programs
such as mason, carpenter, hair stylist, bicycle repairman are seen as the last option for
academically ‘weak’ students. We’ll generate awareness to break this taboo & inferiority complex
(हीन भावना को समाज से हटाया जाए की वेल्डिंग-प्लंबिंग का काम पढ़ाई में कमज़ोर बच्चे ही करते हैं).
- We’ll try to add vocational skilling programs from class9 itself. (स्कू ल से ही सिखाना शुरू करेंगे)
- When Govt offers ‘free’ skill training, students don’t take it seriously (सरकारी कौशल कार्यक्रमों में भी थोड़ी
बहुत फ़ीस लेंगे, एकदम-मुफ़्त में नहि पढ़ाएँगे, ताकि प्रशिक्षु विद्यार्थी उस तालीम को गंभीरता से ले।)
- We’ll do sector-wise skill gap analysis, update training syllabus, train the workforce accordingly
with Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL- पहले से मिली सीख / कौशल की मान्यता).
- IT based monitoring, evaluation, placement (ऑनलाइन निगरानी, तालीम के बाद रोज़गार दिलवाना)
- New ITIs will be set up in PPP mode. (सार्वजनिक निजी भागीदारी में नए ITI खोलेंगे)
63.5.2 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 Skill India4 → Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Boss? Skill Ministry → ₹ ₹ to National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and State
Government’s State Skill Development Missions.
 Centrally Sponsored Scheme → Core Scheme = Not 100% funded by Union.
 Target: 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022., through following components:
1) Short Term 150-300 hrs training at public sector Training institutes (e.g. ITI,
Training (STT): Polytechnics) and empanelled private sector training institutes. These centres
लघु अवधि की तालीम will be designated as ‘Kaushal Vikas Kendra’.
2) Recognition of Those who already have learned from job / informal training / personal
Prior Learning experience e.g. Tailors, Masons, Plumbers, Cobbler, Hair Stylist, etc.
(RPL: पहले की विद्वता
Their skills are tested, they’re given certificate. So accordingly they may join
की मान्यता) ‘bridge courses’ to enhance their skills without needing to join basic level
courses.
Special Project launching training programs in sectors / persons not covered in Short Term
Training (STT). (जिन्हें यदि लघु अवधि की तालीम न मिल पाई, उनके लिए ख़ास कार्यक्रम का)
++ Training mela, rozgar mela, tracking of how many people got placement, etc.
63.5.3 (( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔
‍ ) Skill India4 → PMKVY phase 3.0 (2020)
 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) Phase 1.0= 2015-16
 Phase 2.0= 2016 to 31/3/2020
 Phase 3.0=target to training 8 lakh people in 2020-21. in this phase, more powers given to
district administration to cater local demand. स्थानीय उद्योगों की ज़रूरत के हिसाब से कौशल विकास कार्यक्रमों के
आयोजन के लिए जिला प्रशासन को अतिरिक्त सत्ता/छू ट दी गई
63.5.4 (( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 PM Kaushal Vikas 4.0 in 👛Budget-2023
MATTER DESCRIPTION
WHAT? new age courses for Industry 4.0 like coding, AI, robotics,
mechatronics, IOT, 3D printing, drones, and soft skills.
HOW? On-job training, industry partnership, and syllabus
updation/alignment.
DURATION? for next three years
🔠❓MCQ. Find correct about Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana: (UPSC-Pre-2018)
1. It is the flagship scheme of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
2. It, among other things will also impart training in soft skills, entrepreneurship, financial and
digital literacy.
3. It aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the National
Skill Qualification Framework.
Codes: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3
63.5.5 (( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔) PM-VIKAS / VIshwakarma KAushal Samman - 👛Budget-2023
‍ )
Refer Pillar1D
63.5.6 ( 💇👩🔧 📯🧔
‍ ) 👛
Skill India Digital Platform in Budget-2023
 Formal skill training (online) courses.
 Demand based program. (i.e. It’s not like traditional MBBS college 50 limited seats and annual
admission. Here admission to be available for 365 days for whoever ‘demands/wants’ to join it.)
ऑनलाइन माध्यम से कौशल विकास के कोर्स / पाठ्यक्रम मांग आधारित रुप से चलाये जाएँ गे।
63.5.7 Skill: 👛Budget-2023 Misc. announcements
Matter description
30 India International Centres to give skill training to Indians who want to
work abroad.
National Apprenticeship stipend to 47 lakh youth in three years, via DBT-
Promotion Scheme Direct Benefit Transfer
63.6 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 S KILLING → SHREYAS SCHEME (2019)

Boss? HRD/Edu Ministry’s Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and Skills
(SHREYAS) scheme aims to cover 50 lakh students by 2022 in 3 ways:
1. SHREYAS Webbportal to connect Non-Technical college youth (BA/Bcom/BBA type) with
industries so they can join apprenticeship, earn stipend & increase their employability. Govt to
pay 25% of stipend (upto max₹ 1500 per month), rest by the industrialist.
2. Launching B.A (Professional), B.Sc (Professional), B.Com (Professional) etc. courses - They’ll
contain educational input + vocational input + a mandatory apprenticeship for 6-10 months
3. Colleges without ‘campus recruitment / placement’ facilities- they’ll be connected with Labour
Ministry’s National Career Service (NCS) portal so their students can find jobs/placement.
63.6.1 👻🤧😷(💇👩‍🔧)Skilling → Post Corona / Atma-Nirbhar
NMIS  Home Ministry → National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

: online Dashboard - National Migrant Information System (NMIS).
(कोरोना में घर लौटे प्रवासी मज़दूरों की ऑनलाइन निगरानी)
 It can help coordinating the transport/train arrangements for migrants
to return back home. And also for monitoring the spread of COVID
SWADESH  SWADES (Skilled Workers Arrival Database for Employment Support)
2020-June is a joint initiative by Skill Ministry, Aviation Ministry and External
Affairs Ministry
 It's a skill mapping exercise of the returning citizens under the Vande
Bharat Mission (from foreign countries during Corona).
 Returning Workers will fillup online SWADESH Skills card. → Data
shared with companies → Job placement
 विदेशों से वतन वापस आए भारतीय श्रमिकों का कौशल मानचित्रण
ASEEM  Aatamanirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Mapping (ASEEM) portal
2020-Jul  by Skill Ministry → by National Skill Development Corporation
(NSDC) with help of a Bengaluru startup company "Betterplace".
 To map regional details of workers vs local industry demands.
 This will help govt to analyse the migration patterns and implement the
skill development courses श्रमिकों का विवरण बनाम स्थानीय उद्योग में श्रमिकों की मांग।
 👜🥻Budget-2022: we’ll connect the data of Udyam (MSME
registration), e-Shram (unorganised sector workers registration), NCS
(apply biodata online) and ASEEM portals → this will help in
employment generation
SAKSHAM DST (Department of Science & Technology) → TIFAC (Technology
(Shramik Shakti Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council)→ portal for laborers’
Manch) skill mapping, skill cards, conneting with employers for jobs.
Shramshakthi  Tribal Affairs Ministry’s portal for migrant workers.
Portal  Objective? connecting them with other schemes for employment &
skill development. श्रमिकों को रोज़गार कोशल्य की अन्य योजनाओं से जोड़ने के लिए।
PM-DAKSH  For skilling of marginalized persons including scheduled castes,
backward classes and safai karamcharis.
IISC Network  India International Skill Centre (IISC- a body under Skill Ministry) To
provide Indian workers to foreign countries.
 For this, IISC signed agreements with Germany, Belarus, United
Kingdom, France, Australia, Japan and Qatar etc.
DESH-Stack eportal  👜🥻Budget-2022: DESH-Stack e-portal: for on-line training for skill
development.
🔠❓MCQ. ASEEM is _ _ _ _. (UPSC-CDS-2020-ii)
(a) Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Measurement (b) Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee
Employer Mapping (c) Aatmanirbhar Skilled Employee Enterprises Medium
(d) Automatic Skilled Employee Employer Mission
63.7 (💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 S KILLING & ENTREPRENEURSHIP → BEFORE CORONA
YuWAAH  UNICEF project for skill development of adolescent and young Indians,
2019 labelled "Generation Unlimited India"
Pradhan Mantri - Boss? Skill Ministry
Yuva Udyami - Just the usual stuff- Connect the aspiring entrepreneurs with peers, mentors,
Mitra Vikas funding. Setup incubators & training centres in colleges, ITI
Yojana (YUVA)
- Note: Ministry of Education of also run a PM-Yuva 2.0 scheme to help
young authors for writing books.
Ref Pillar1D & Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Stand up India Loan Scheme
4B: Startup India Scheme, PM Rojgar Protsahan Yojana, ATMANIRBHAR
BHARAT ROZGAR YOJANA etc
Startup Village - Boss? Rural Development Ministry. Helps the rural poor to start business.
Entrep.ship - It’s a subcomponent of Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural
Programme Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).
National Career 2015: Labour Ministry set up an online portal & offline centres to help ITI /
Service diploma / graduate job seekers connect with job givers. Organize rozgar melas,
spread career awareness etc.
National - Boss? Skill Ministry. After Youth has completed basic training in Industrial
Apprenticeship Training Institutes (ITIs) / Kaushal Vikas Kendra, then Industrialist takes
Promotion him as apprentice ((शागिर्द / प्रशिक्षु)), trains him in practical aspects, pays
Scheme stipend.
2016 - Govt pays part of the stipend.
- ⏫
Target: apprenticeship training to 50 lakh youth by 2020. Online
registration of apprentice, centralized monitoring, exam & certification.
Apprenticeship Under the Apprenticeship Act, Govt has notified these rules:
Rules - minimum monthly stipend: ₹5,000 for school pass out class5-9 and ₹9,000
for graduate
- 10-15% hike in stipend for 2nd and 3rd year of apprenticeship
Disturbed areas Rural Development Ministry (ग्राम विकास मं त्रालय) →
अशांत क्षेत्र - HIMAYAT: skill development in J&K
- ROSHNI: skill development in Naxal / LWE areas.
Udaan for J&K Jammu and Kashmir youth ke liye skill development and job placement in
corporate sector. By Home ministry + ( NSDC )
Minorities Minorities Ministry (अल्पसं ख्यक मंत्रालय) →

अल्पसं ख्यक - USTTAD: Upgrading the Skill and Training in Traditional Art craft for
Development
- Nai Manzil: Madressa students, school-dropouts given additional training
so they can get jobs.
- Nai Udan, Naya Savera: free coaching / stipend for competitive exams.
- Learn And Earn (Seekho Aur Kamao)
Yukti Yukti - Yogya Kalakriti ki Takneek: HRD/Edu Ministry’s scheme for skill
development of traditional craftsman
Women - Social Justice Ministry: National Backward Classes Finance & Development
Corporation (NBCFDC) → Mahila Samriddhi Yojana → Concessional
Loans for female entrepreneurs.
- Department of Financial Services → credit guarantee through NCGTC ltd
→ Standup India: SC/ST & Women entrepreneurs given loans from 10 lakh
to 1 cr in each SCB Bank branch.
- Women Child Ministry →
- PM Mahila Shakti Kendra for skilling & availing scheme benefits.
- STEP: Scheme: Support to Training & Employment Program for
Women
Jan Shikshan Skill Ministry’ vocational training centres for school dropouts & illiterates in the
Sansthan age group of 15-45. (अनपढ़ लोगों को कौशल्य तालीम देकर रोजगार नौकरी धंधा दिलवाएं गे)
📊 India Skill Survey conducted by Pvt orgs. & funded by AICTE, UNDP etc.
Report 2019 - More than 50% MBA and >40% of B.Tech/B.E are unemployable (रोज़गार के
लिए अयोग्य) because they do not have the skills required by the industries.
- Overall, ~53% of youth coming out of higher educational institutions are
unemployable. Although it is improvement compared to previous years.
Global Skills Park India’s first Global Skills Park is to be setup in Madhya Pradesh by Union Govt
(2018) + loans from Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Skill India  Government plans to open such centres in multiple cities, for example,
International Varanasi, Bhubaneshwar, etc.
Centres,  To give skill training to Indian workers wanting to migrate to UAE, Canada,
Australia and other GCC regions for jobs.
Reskilling World Economic Forum's initiative to provide 1 billion people better edu, skills
Revolution & jobs by 2030. India joined as founding member (2020-Jan)
MNGF Skill Ministry gives Mahatma Gandhi National Fellowship (MNGF) to young
professionals for helping district level officials in skill dev programs.
ISDS Skill Ministry created this new Group A service, Indian Skill Development
Group ‘A’ Service Services (ISDS: भारतीय कौशल विकास सेवाएं ). They’ll be recruited through Indian
Engineering Service Examination, conducted by UPSC. First batch taken in
2019, and undergoing training at Mysuru.
SAMVAY • credit framework Skills Assessment Matrix for Vocational
Advancement of Youth ( SAMVAY )
• allows vertical and lateral mobility within vocational education system
(similar to academic bank of credit)
🔠❓MCQ. Find correct statement(s) about ‘National Career Service’: (Pre-2017)
1. National Career Service is an initiative of the Dept of Personnel and Training, Govt of India.
2. National Career Service has been launched in a Mission Mode to improve the employment
opportunities to uneducated youth of the country.
🔠❓MCQ. To obtain demographic dividend, what should India do? (UPSC-Pre-2013)
(a) Promoting skill development (b) Introducing more social security schemes
(c) Reducing infant mortality rate (d) Privatization of higher education
📄Next Handout Pillar6C: Poverty – measurement and removal

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PILLAR#6B-EDUCATION, SKILL DEVELOPMENT

(Definition) Education is the process of imparting knowledge in a systematic manner, usually at a

62.1.1 School Dropout

62.1.2 🧑‍🏫Teacher to Student Ratio

• 1962: Kendriya Vidyalayas ( KVS ) approved

62.2.4 👱‍♂️Education: Primary- ECCE upto age 8

62.2.5 🈶 Education: Language / Medium (भाषा /माध्यम)

HECI to have four independent verticals (4 स्वतंत्र इकाइयां होंगी)-

✋above fullforms may be IMP4UGC-NET, but not so much for IAS.

🕵‍♀️Ministry Ministry of HRD to be renamed as M/o Education

 🎯 Target: 100% Adult Literacy. सं पूर्ण प्रौढ़ साक्षरता

🕵 ‍♀️New  National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)

62.2.16 📊🔠Assessment of students (छात्रों का मूल्यांकन)

62.3 👩‍🏫🤳PRAGYATA G UIDELINES ON DIGITAL EDUCATION (2020-JUL)

 Boss? Ministry of Human Resource and Development / Edu Ministry

62.5 📐😋🍽📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → PM POSHAN (2021-2026)

Mid-Day Meal Scheme PM Poshan (POshan SHakti Nirman)

62.6 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD1-8 → SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAAN (SSA-2001)

 Boss? Ministry of Human Resource and Development / Edu Ministry

62.7 📐📯🧔 E DU → STD. 9-12 → RMSA (2009) माध्यमिक शिक्षा

Before Budget 2018 → After Budget 2018

62.8.2 Samagra Siksha → DIKSHA Portal for E-learning

62.11.1 Annual Status of Education Report ASER Report by NGO Pratham

62.11.2 Education reports- Misc.

62.13 📐🔠💯🧔 E DU → NATIONAL TESTING AGENCY (NTA) & NEET

62.14 📐E DU → HIGHER EDU: COLLEGES & UNI. (उच्चतर शिक्षा)

62.14.2 Higher Education other schemes

62.14.3 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Number of institutes as per 📙ES23

62.14.4 📐📊 Edu → Higher Edu: Ranking by Education Ministry

62.15 👻😷📐🤳 E DU → PORTALS/APPS/ORGS → POST-CORONA

62.16.3 📐🤳 SWAYAM E-learning portal → 4 components

VAJRA Ministry of Science & Technology pays ₹ ₹ to get NRI/Overseas scientist

- NEP-2020 allows foreign universities’ campuses in India.

New India  Education ministry scheme for adult-education (2022-27)

62.16.16 ⌨️ APAAR - One nation, One Student ID

62.16.19 🔬 NRF ke Functions (क्या क्या कार्य करेंगे)

62.16.20 🔬 NRF Funding sources: (पैसा किधर से लाएगा।)

62.17 📐E DU → MISC. → YOUTH ORG.

63 💇👩‍🔧 HRD → S KILLING, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, RECRUITMENT

Meaning & Significance:

63.1.1 🕵🏼 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions

✋more details not important, unless PubAD is your optional subject

63.2 💇👩‍🔧 🕵🏼[YEARBOOK] M INISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

कौशल विकास और उद्यमिता मं त्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>

63.4 ( 💇👩‍🔧)→ NSDF, NSDA, NSQF, NCVET

63.5 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 S KILL INDIA CAMPAIGN (2015: कौशल भारत अभियान)

63.6 ( 💇👩‍🔧)📯🧔 S KILLING → SHREYAS SCHEME (2019)

NMIS  Home Ministry → National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

Minorities Minorities Ministry (अल्पसं ख्यक मंत्रालय) →

📄Next Handout Pillar6C: Poverty – measurement and removal

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