Vehicle accident detection system

K.S.Mohan
(Assistant Professor) R.Sivakumar
[email protected] [email protected]
Department of IT Department of IT
SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

E.Venkatesh S.Kavya
[email protected] [email protected]
Department of IT Department of IT
SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

ABSTRACT
This project is entitled as “Vehicle Accident Detection System”. In Human Life vehicles are playing a important role in day to
day life while using vehicle there may unavoidable accident occur so, this system may help the people to secure. This project
aims at finding the occurrence of any accident and reporting the location of accident to the previously coded numbers. The
form of latitude and longitude co-ordinates through sms using GSM technology is used to intimate the vehicle position is to
identified. The location spot is retrieved using Global Positioning System which is a navigational system using a network of
satellites orbiting the earth.
Such as vibration and fire detectors detect signal in case of an accident occurrence and send a signal to the connected
microcontroller. The controller in turn operates the relay to blow the airbag and automatically lock the brakes. Meanwhile a
message reaches to the necessary help and thus ambulance service and required aid can reach in the shortest time possible.
This system can also aid companies in the rental vehicle business to keep a track of the vehicular activity by sending message
at regular intervals to the authorized numbers.

Keywords: Buzzer, Vibration sensor, Arduino, GSM modem, GPS module, SPST.
sequence. Internet of things for smart cities provides
1. INTRODUCTION solutions for implementation of urban IOT and
developing it into a smart city concept. Incident
Accidents are major issues in the world-wide due to
Detection Algorithm identifies and verifies the nature of
increase in traffic and rash driving and is a matter of all the accident in a short duration which in turns fast-
time concern. Accidents are responsible for a large tracks medical response. This paper states that
number of casualties each year. In some cases, deaths are implementation of FMS (Freeway Management System)
caused due to unavailability of immediate medical aid to incident detection programs holds the promise of
the victim which can be avoided with the help of an substantially reducing the accident notification time and
automated system that will reduce the time consumed in the fatalities resulting from highway accidents. The
activities such as taking the victim to the nearest hospital, reference depicts the usefulness of Smartphones as a
completing formalities such as filling forms and also promising media for accident detection systems by
involving police in case of major crashes. This review suggesting a smartphone application.
compares various algorithms and technologies that have
been developed for detecting different types of accidents.
1.2 Objective
The purpose is to analyze various algorithms studied in
this survey in terms of efficiency, advantages and The main objective of the project is to pack the entire
disadvantages and enhance the best suited algorithm for smart city details into the android application. The users
developing an efficient system that synchronizes just install the application into their android mobile. After
emergency services for Accident Detection. Automatic installation they can fetch the more details about the smart
city. The application has more unique features.
accident detection focuses on increasing the safety,
automatic accident detection, emergency assistance and
road hazard warning dissemination.
1.3 Related Works
The objective of this project is to avoid accident during
car driving. The vehicle which has undergone to an
1.1 Problem Statement accident can be identified by using tracking technology
The accident detection and multimodal alert system not without any delay. The immediate medication will be
only generates a voice call and SMS to emergency provided to the accident victims in the Remote areas. By
numbers but also broadcasts a Decentralized using variety of sensors and algorithms, these systems can
Environmental Notification Message (DENM) message provide real- time safety information to drivers and take
to all the cars in the vicinity. It has a provision to control proactive measures to prevent accidents.
false positives by generating warning notification only if
the driver fails to interrupt an automatic countdown
2. LITERATURE SURVEY Reference [1] proposed a Mobile Application for
“Namrata H. Sane”,” Damini S. Patil” and “Snehal D. automatic accident detection and multimodal alert which
Thakare” had published the Real Time Vehicle Accident uses an Accident Detection Algorithm. It uses eCall
Detection and Tracking Using GPS and GSM at system to automatically detect Vehicle accidents along
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in with Collisions and Roll-overs. The Acceleration Severity
Computing and Communication, Volume: 4 Issue: 4. This Index (ASI) evaluates the potential risks for occupants.
paper presents review on the accident detection
[2] , a Communication Flow Algorithm has been proposed
techniques and some future possibilities in this field.
in which Backend Systems interact with IOT using
Now- a-days lots of accidents happen on highways due to
Database Management Systems and Web sites. Gateways
increase in traffic and also due to rash driving of the
inter-connect the end devices to the main communication
drivers. And in many situations the family members or the
infrastructure of the system. IOT peripheral nodes
ambulance and police authority is not informed in time.
produce the data that is to be delivered to the control
In the survey conducted, few papers on accident detection center.
algorithms have been studied thoroughly and analyzed to
[3] Proposed an Incident Detection Algorithm to identify
understand the previous developments in the field of
incidents, verify the nature of incidents and provide
accident detection, the different ways in which such a
emergency services based on the nature. In [4], a Wreck
system can be developed to provide different
Watch Approach has been introduced in which the device
functionalities and also to design a new system which can
accelerometer detects wreck utilizing device sensors to
combine the advantages of these algorithms. The study is
detect traffic accidents and notify first responders. Users
depicted in a tabular format with suitable parameters
utilize map to view wreck information and other motorists
describing the usefulness of the algorithms.
can view accident locations immediately and avoid
Wireless black box using MEMS accelerometer and GPS accident locations. Also, users can upload or view images
(global positioning system) tracking system is developed of the wreck to the server to provide first responders with
for accidental monitoring. The method consists of additional information related to the accident. The
cooperative components of an accelerometer, GPS device, ABEONA Algorithm is proposed in [5], in which an
microcontroller unit a GSM module. In the occurrence of accident is detected using crash sensors of the air bag
accident, this wireless device will send mobile phone sensors. A GPS is used to locate an accident spot and
short massage indicating the position of vehicle by GPS Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) are used to
system to family member, emergency medical service broadcast messages. It enables rescue services to forecast
(EMS) and nearest hospital. The threshold algorithm and traffic congestion events and re-route their path
the speed of motorcycle are used to determine fall or accordingly to reach the location as soon as possible.
accident in real-time. The method is compact and easy to Traffic signal module in this system, receives the
install under rider place. An accelerometer can be used in information about the accident and the VANET signal
a car alarm application. receiver is switched ON to search for ambulance closest
to the traffic signal. Introduced an application for accident
Dangerous driving can be noticed with an accelerometer. detection in vehicular networks through OBD-II (On-
It can be used as crash recorder of the vehicle movements Board Diagnostics) devices and android based
before, during and after a crash. Among signals from an Smartphones. The application checks whether Bluetooth
Accelerometer, a severe accident can be recognized. In is enabled returning an error otherwise. It attempts to
second application on an uncertain situation many of contact the ODB-II device defined. In case it is found the
vehicle that has centre locking system, such as door different protocols supported are checked to determine
looking system face many problems due to automatic which one is valid for the current vehicle. If bidirectional
looking system. At that situation there is no way to open communication is established successfully, the application
the lock. Our project will present a suitable solution for will start the system monitoring process. If either the
this situation. This can be completed by using wireless or airbag is triggered, or the deceleration detected is greater
GSM technology. than 5 Gs, we consider that an accident has occurred. If
the data channel is available, then it retrieves GPS and
Thereby causing more accidents on the road. People often accident details followed by sending critical data and
lose their lives because of poor emergency facilities in the making an emergency call immediately.
case of unattended accidents. Pre-emption of the accidents
taking place on the roads is not possible but at least the The proposed system in deals with an automatic accident
after effects can be minimized. The system ensures detection system involving vehicles which sends
making emergency facilities available to accident victims information about the accident including the location, the
as early as possible by letting relatives, hospital or a time and angle of the accident to a rescue team like a first
rescue team know the accident spot with the help of this aid centre and the police station. This information is sent
module embedded in the vehicle. Sensors are attached to in the form of an alert message. But in the cases where
the microcontroller. In case there is an accident, the there are no casualties a switch is provided which can be
sensor gets activated and the GSM system will send turned off by the driver to terminate sending the alert
notifications to the nearest hospital, police station or kind message. A GSM module is used to send the alert
of the victim with the location coordinates where the message and a GPS module is used to detect the location
accident has occurred. This section gives a comparative of the accident. The GPS and GSM module are interfaced
study of the formerly developed algorithms for accident to the control unit using serial communication. The
detection. The survey throws light on the key aspects of accident itself is detected using two sensors- Micro
the papers studied and also highlights their positive and Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) sensor and vibration
negative points. sensor.
MEMS sensor also helps in measuring the angle of
rollover of the car. A 32-bit ARM controller is used as the D System Architecture: In this project, Arduino is used for
main high-speed data-processing unit. The vibrations are controlling whole the process with a GPS Receiver and GSM
sent from the vibrating sensor to the controller after module.
passing through an amplifying circuit. Similarly, the roll
over angle is sent from the MEMS sensor to the  GPS Receiver is used for detecting
controller. coordinates of the vehicle, GSM module is
used for sending the alert SMS with the
coordinates and the link to Google Map.
 MEMS sensor is used for detecting
3. EXISTING SYSTEM sudden vibration change in a vehicle.
 GPS Module used here is SIM28ML and
 Accident can be detected and altered only in GSM Module used here is SIM900A.
AI (Artificial Intelligent) car.  BUZZER is used to alert the user. SPST
 At present TESLA and AUDI-AI-(!#) are the (single pole single throw switch) is used to off
cars with Extensively networked, automated and the system
electrified technology.

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM 6. WORKING MODEL

 The proposed work seeks to develop a system 6.1 VIBRATION SENSOR
which facilitates accident notification to the
appropriate agencies and in tracing the vehicle  Vibration sensor is connected to the
in case of an accident. microcontroller

 The main objectives of the proposed system is  5v or 3v current supply is given. Consists of
to enable accident notification to appropriate three wires Blue – outputBlack – ground
user family and sends the basic information Red- power supply.
with geographical coordinates.
 The proposed system is also embedded with
Google maps so by clicking coordinates it will
direct to the accident location.

5. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

6.2 ARDUINO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button.
6.3 BUZZER

Two wires, red & black. Black-ground. Red -positive or

output to Arduino
 Apply an oscillating voltage to make a noise
 The buzzer case supports the piezo element
and has resonant cavity for sound

6.4 GPS (Global Positioning System)

GPS (Global Positioning System). GPS is used to trace the
position. PS Receiver gets the location information from
satellite
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
 Global system for mobiles (GSM) technology is used
to establish cellular connection. GSM is a digital
cellular communication system. It is used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services.

 Whenever accident occurs MEMS sensor detect

and sends electrical signal to the ADC channel of
the ARDUINO.
 BUZZER will produce noise after getting signal from Fig no: 1 Output Message Received in Mobile
MEMS. By using GPS, we get particular location
where accident occurs, then GSM modem sends
message to authorized mobile number. 7. CONCLUSION
 The GPS positioning is done in the form of latitude and We propose the idea of combining the accident detection and
longitude along with the exact location of the place by alert system with urban for Smart Cities. Here in this project,
making Google maps. we are going to build a Arduino based vehicle accident alert
system using GPS, GSM and vibration sensor. Sensor detects
 The design of GPS corrects for this difference; the sudden vibration in vehicle and GSM module sends the
because without doing so, GPS calculated alert message on your Mobile Phone with the location of the
positions would accumulate errors of up to 10 accident. Location of accident is sent in the form of Google
Map link, derived from the latitude and longitude from GPS
kilometers per day (6 mi/d).
module.
 The highest-quality signal was reserved for military use,
and the signal available for civilian use was
intentionally degraded, in a policy known as Selective
Availability.
 GPS is owned and operated by the United States
government as a national resource. The Department
of Defense is the steward of GPS. The Interagency
GPS Executive Board (IGEB) oversaw GPS policy
matters from 1996 to 2004.
8. REFERENCE
[1] William Stalling, Wireless Communication and Networks, 2nd edition, 2005 Prentice Hall of India.
[2] Vikas Desai, Design and Implementation of GSM and GPS Based Vehicle Accident Detection System, IJIT, Vol 01, Issue
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[3] William M. Evanco, “The Impact of Rapid Incident Detection on Freeway Accident Fatalities”, Mitretek Center for
Information Systems McLean, Virginia, June 1996.
[4] Jorge Zaldivar, Carlos T. Calafate, Juan Carlos Cano, Pietro Manzoni, “Providing Accident Detection in Vehicular Networks
Through OBD-II Devices and Android-based Smartphones”, Department of Computer Engineering, University at Politècnica de
València Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Spain”, 5th IEEE Workshop on user mobility and Vehicular networks, 2011.
[5] Chris Thompson, Jules White, Brian Dougherty, Adam Albright, and Douglas C. Schmidt, “Using Smartphones to Detect Car
Accidents and Provide Situational Awareness to Emergency Responders”, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN US.
[6] Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Edition, 2002.
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Cities Public Transportations, ICIT, 2004.
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