This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1583/C1583M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1583/C1583M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method is suitable for both field and laboratory 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 use to determine one or more of the following: C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- 1.1.1 The near-surface tensile strength of the substrate as an gregates indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before appli- C881/C881M Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding cation of a repair or overlay material. Systems for Concrete 1.1.2 The bond strength of a repair or an overlay material to C900 Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Con- the substrate. crete 1.1.3 The tensile strength of a repair or overlay material, or 3. Terminology an adhesive used in repairs, after the material has been applied 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test to a surface. method refer to Terminology C125 and ACI 503R3. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 4. Summary of Test Method each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each 4.1 This test is performed on the surface of a prepared system shall be used independently of the other. Combining concrete base before application of a concrete repair or overlay values from the two systems may result in non-conformance material, or on the surface of a concrete repair or overlay with the standard. material after the material has been applied to the prepared 1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes concrete surface. that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes 4.2 The test specimen is formed by drilling a shallow core (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered into and perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and as requirements of this standard. leaving the intact core attached to the concrete. A steel disk is 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the bonded to the top surface of the test specimen. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 A tensile load is applied to the steel disk until failure responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- occurs. The failure load and the failure mode are recorded and priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- the nominal tensile stress at failure is calculated. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Significance and Use 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 5.1 This test method determines the tensile strength of ization established in the Decision on Principles for the concrete near to the prepared surface, which can be used as an Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before apply- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical ing a repair or an overlay material. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.2 When the test is performed on the surface of a repair or an overlay material, it determines the bond strength to the
1 2 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM C09.25 on Organic Materials for Bonding. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally the ASTM website. 3 approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1583/C1583M – 13. ACI 503R-93 (Reapproved 1998), “Use of Epoxy Compounds with Concrete,” DOI: 10.1520/C1583_C1583M-20. American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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FIG. 1 Schematic of Setup to Test Substrate
FIG. 2 Schematic of Setup to Test Material Applied to Substrate
11.4 Record the failure load and the failure mode. Record occurs in the substrate or the repair or overlay material. the failure mode as (a) in the substrate, (b) at the bond line Calculate the bond strength or tensile strength by dividing the between the substrate and the repair or overlay material, (c) in tensile load at failure by the area of the test specimen: the repair or overlay material, or (d) at the bond line between Bond or Tensile Strength ~ MPa @ psi# ! 5 (1) the repair or overlay material and the epoxy adhesive used to bond the steel disk. If failure occurs at the bond line between Tensile load ~ N @ lbf# ! the steel disk and the epoxy adhesive, discard the test result and Area of test specimen ~ mm2 @ in. 2 # ! perform another test. Refer to Fig. 3 for schematics of the different failure modes. 11.6 Record the individual strengths to the nearest 0.01 MPa [1 psi]. 11.5 Report results as bond strength when failure occurs in the bond line between the substrate and the repair or overlay 11.7 Record ambient weather conditions and surface tem- material. Report results as tensile strength when the failure peratures during testing.
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FIG. 3 Schematic of Failure Modes
12. Report estimate of within-test repeatability. The referenced study
12.1 The test report shall contain the following: involved pull-off tests of repair materials applied to concrete 12.1.1 Purpose of the test: substrates. Three replicate tests were conducted for each 12.1.1.1 To assess the substrate before application of repair condition, and the mean pull-off strength ranged from 0.41 to or overlay material with regards to the adequacy of surface 3.44 MPa [60 to 500 psi]. Two instruments were used with disk preparation and the strength of the near-surface region of the diameters of 75 mm [3 in.] and 50 mm [2 in.]. Replicate tests substrate; with the same failure modes were used to determine the 12.1.1.2 To determine the controlling failure mode and within-test standard deviations for each condition. There was corresponding strength when a repair or an overlay material is no statistically significant difference in repeatability for failures bonded to the substrate; or in the substrate, the repair material, or at the interface. The 12.1.1.3 To determine the controlling failure mode and overall pooled standard deviation was found to be 0.29 MPa corresponding strength when an adhesive is bonded to the [42 psi]. substrate. 12.1.2 Identification of all materials used in the test, 13.2 Bias—This method has no bias because pull-off tensile 12.1.3 Test conditions—location of test, weather conditions, strength or pull-off bond strength are defined only in terms of and surface temperatures, and this method. 12.1.4 The failure mode and the tensile or bond strength for each individual test reported to the nearest 0.01 MPa [1 psi]. 14. Keywords 14.1 adhesives; overlay materials; pull-off tensile strength; 13. Precision and Bias pull-off test; repair materials; tensile bond strength 13.1 Precision—An interlaboratory testing program to de- termine the precision of this test method has not yet been carried out. There are, however, published data4 to provide an
4 Vaysburd, A. M., and McDonald, J. E., “An Evaluation of Equipment and Procedures for Tensile Bond Testing of Concrete Repairs,” Technical Report REMR-CS-61, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, June 1999, p. 84.
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Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1583/C1583M–13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2020.)
(1) Added 1.3.
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