RVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

Coimbatore
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC A+ and Affiliated to Anna University - Chennai)
(An Autonomous Institution)

EE3401- TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

QUESTION BANK

UNIT- I
PART-A
1. Define Skin effect.
2. What is meant by proximity effect?
3. Differentiate the stranded conductor and bundled conductor.
4. List out the advantages of double circuit lines.
5. Define - Self and mutual – G.M.D.
6. What is meant by inductive interference?
7. What is transposition of conductors?
8. What is ACSR conductor?
9. What is fictitious conductor radius?
10. Define unsymmetrical and symmetrical spacing.

PART-B
1. From the fundamentals derive an expression for inductance of a single phase
transmission system. (13)
2. Derive an expression for capacitances of a single phase transmission system and
discuss the effect of earth on capacitance with suitable equation. (13)
3. Derive an expression for inductance i) of a single-phase overhead line. (6)
ii) A conductor is composed of seven identical copper strands each having a radius r.
Find the self-GMD of the conductor. (7)
4. i) Derive an expression for the capacitance between conductors of a Single phase
overhead line. (6)
ii) Find the capacitance between the conductors of a single-phase 10 km long line. The
diameter of each conductor is 1.213cm. The spacing between conductors is 1.25m. Also
find the capacitance of each conductor neutral. (7)
5. i) Derive the expression for inductance of a two wire 1Φ transmission line (6)
ii) Derive the expression for capacitance of a 1Φ transmission line (7)
6. i) What are the advantages of bundled conductors? (4) ii) Derive the expression for
capacitance of a double circuit line for hexagonal spacing. (5) iii) Why is the concept of
self GMD is not applicable for capacitance? (4)
7. i) Explain clearly the skin effect and the proximity effects when referred to overhead
lines. (6)
ii) Write a short note on the inductive interference between power and communication
lines. (7)
8. i) Derive the expression for the capacitance per phase of the 3 Φ double circuit line
flat vertical spacing with transposition. (6)
ii) A 3 Φ overhead transmission line has its conductors arranged at the corners of an
equilateral triangle of 2m side. Calculate the capacitance of each line conductor per km.
Given the diameter of each conductor is 1.25cm. (7)
9. Find the capacitance per km per phase of a 3Φ line arrangement in a horizontal
plane spaced 6 meters apart. The height of all conductors above the earth is 13 meters.
The diameter of each conductor is 2.6 cm. the line is completely transposed and takes
the effect of ground into account. (13)
10. Discuss the concept of GMR and GMD in the calculation of transmission line
inductance. (13)

UNIT-II
PART-A
1. What is substation?
2. What is earth resistance?
3. What are the classifications of substation according to service?
4. What are the types of transformer substations?
5. What are the factors to be considered for busbar design?
6. What is neutral grounding or neutral earthing?
7. What are the equipments used in a transformer substation?
8. What are the different types of bus bar arrangements in substations?
9. What is bus bar?
10. What are the materials mainly used in busbars?

PART-B
1. i, compare power transmission using over head line and underground cable. (6)
ii, Draw a simple model of UPFC ? . (7)
2. What are the advantages of high transmission voltage for the transmission of
electrical power?
3. A50KM long transmission line supplies a load of 5 MVA at 0.6 power factor lagging
at 33KV.The efficiency of transmission is 90% calculate the volume of Al conductor
required for the line when three phase 3 wire system is used .The specific resistance of
AL IS 2.65*10-6 ohm-m. (13)
4. Explain the detail types of FACTS controllers. (13)
5. Derive expressions for sag and tension in a power conductor strung between to
supports at equal highs taking into account the wind and ice loading also. (13)
6. i) Derive the expressions for sag and conductor length under bad weather conditions.
Assume Shape of overhead line is a parabola. (7)
ii) An overhead line has a span of 300m. The conductor diameter is 1.953cm and the
conductor weight is 0.644kg/m. calculate the vertical sag when a wind pressure is
736 N/sq.m of projected area acts on conductor. The breaking strength of conductor is
77990N and the conductor should not exceed half the breaking strength. (7)
7. Draw and explain the structure of modern power systems with typical voltage levels.
What is the highest VDH level available in India? (13)
8. i) List out the main components of a HVDC system. (6)
ii) Discuss various types of HVDC links. Mentions any one HDVC link available in
Indian with rating? (7)
9. i) Explain the different types of HVDC links and state the advantages of HVDC
Transmission over AC transmission. . (7)
ii) Explain why the transmission lines are 3 phase 3-wire circuits while distribution
lines are 3 phase 4-wire circuits. . (6)

UNIT-III
PART-A
1. Classify overhead transmission lines.
2. Define transmission efficiency.
3. List out the methods of representation of medium transmission lines.
4. What is Ferranti effect?
5. Define regulation of power transmission line.
6. What is stringing chart? What are the uses of stringing chart?
7. Define corona. What is local corona?
8. Define sag.
9. What are the methods adopted to reduce corona?
10. What is the use of power circle diagram?

PART-B
1. Determine the efficiency and regulation of a 3phase, 100Km, 50 Hz transmission line
delivering 20 MW at a power factor of 0.6 lagging and 66 kV to a balanced load. The
conductors are of copper, each having resistance 0.1 Ω / Km, 1.5 cm outside dia,
spaced equilaterally 2 meters between centers. Use nominal T method. (13)
2. A three phase 5 km long transmission line, having resistance of 0.5 Ω / km and
inductance of 1.76mH/km is delivering power at 0.6 pf lagging. The receiving end
voltage is 32kV. If the supply end voltage is 33 kV, 50 Hz, find line current, regulation
and efficiency of the transmission line. (13)
3. Derive the expressions for sending end voltage in nominal T method and end
Condenser method. (13)
4. i) What is an equivalent π circuit of long line? Derive expression for parameters of
this circuit in terms of line parameters. (7)
ii) A 50Hz transmission line 300 km long total series impedance of 40+j25 Ω and total
shunt admittance of 10-3 mho. The 220 KV with 0.6 lagging power factor. Find the
sending end voltage, current, power and power factor using nominal π method. (6)
5. i) Define regulation of a transmission line and derive the approximate expression for
the regulation of a short transmission line. (6)
ii) What is corona loss? How do you determine this loss? (7)
6. A 220kV, 3Φ transmission line has an impedance per phase of (40+j200)Ω and an
admittance of (0+j0.0015) mho. Determine the sending end voltage and sending end
current when the receiving end current is 200 A at 0.95 pf lagging. Use nominal T
method. (13)
7. Determine the efficiency and regulation of a three phase 200 km, 50Hz transmission
line delivering 100MW at a pf of 0.6 lagging and 33kV to a balanced load. The on
ductors are of copper, each having resistance 0.1 Ω/km, and 1.5cm outside dia, spaced
equilaterally 2m between centers.
Neglect leakage reactance and use nominal T and π methods. (13)
8. i) Explain the Ferranti effect with a phasor diagram and its causes. (5) ii) Explain the
classification of lines based on their length of transmission. (4) iii) What are ABCD
constants. (4)

UNIT-IV
PART-A
1. What is the purpose of insulator?
2. What is the main purpose of armouring?
3. What is meant by efficiency of an insulator string?
4. List out various types of insulators used for overhead transmission lines.
5. Mention the advantages of the pin type insulator.
6. What are the main causes for failure of insulators?
7. What are the different tests that are conducted on an insulator?
8 What are the methods for improving string efficiency?
9. Write short notes on puncture test.
10. Define impulse ratio.

PART-B
1. Discuss any two methods to increase the value of string efficiency, with suitable
sketches. (13)
2. Explain any two methods of grading of cables with necessary diagrams. (13)
3. i) What are different methods to improve string efficiency of an insulator? (6)
ii) In a 3-unit insulator, the joint to tower capacitance is 20% of the capacitance of each
unit. By how much should the capacitance of the lowest unit be increased to get a
string efficiency of 90%. The remaining two units are left unchanged. (7)
4. i) Derive the expression for insulator resistance, capacitance and electric stress in a
single core cable. Where is the stress maximum and minimum?(7)
ii) A single core 66kv cable working on 3-phase system has a conductor diameter of
2cm and sheath of inside diameter 5.3cm. If two inner sheaths are introduced in such a
way that the stress varies between the same maximum and minimum in the three
layers find:
a) Position of inner sheaths
b) Voltage on the linear sheaths
c) Maximum and minimum stress (6)
5. i)Draw the schematic diagram of a pin type insulator and explain its function (7)
ii) A 3 phase overhead transmission line is being supported by three disc insulators.
The potential across top unit (i.e. near the tower) and the middle unit are 6kV and 11kV
respectively. Calculate, a) The ratio of capacitance between pin and earth to the self
capacitance of each unit (2) b) Line Voltage (2) c) String Efficiency (2)
6. i) Describe with the neat sketch, the construction of a 3 core belted type cable. (6)
ii) A conductor of 1cm diameter passes centrally through porcelain cylinder of internal
diameter 2 cms and external diameter 7cms. The cylinder is surrounded by a tightly
fitting metal sheath. The permittivity of porcelain is 5 and the peak voltage gradient in
air must not exceed 34kV/cm. Determine the maximum safe working voltage. (7)
7. i) What are the various properties of insulators? Also briefly explain about
suspension type insulators. (6)
ii) Calculate the most economical diameter of a single core cable to be used on 132kV, 3
phase system. Find also the overall diameter of the insulation; if the peak permissible
stress does not exceed 60kV/cm. also derive the formula used here. (6)
8. i) Briefly explain about various types of cables used in underground system.(7)
ii) A string of 4 insulator units has a self capacitance equal to 4 times the pin to earth
capacitance. Calculate,
a) Voltage distribution as a % of total voltage, b) String efficiency (6)
9. i) Give any six properties of a good insulator. (4) ii) With a neat diagram, explain the
strain and stay insulators. (4) iii) A cable is graded with three dielectrics of
permittivities 4, 3 and 2. The maximum permissible potential gradient for all dielectrics
is same and equal to 30 kV/cm. The core diameter is 1.5cm and sheath diameter is
5.5cm. (5)
10.i) Explain the constructional features of one LT and HT cable (6)
ii) Compare and contrast overhead lines and underground cables. (7)

UNIT-V
PART-A
1. What is meant by power supply system?
2. What is meant by Transmission and Distribution system?
3. What are the different types of Power supply system?
4. What are the various components of power supply system?
5. What are the different types of power plants?
6. What are the different operating voltages used for generation, primary and secondary
transmission in AC power supply systems in India?
7. Define feeder, distributor and service mains.
8. List the advantages of high voltage transmission.
9. State Kelvin’s law.
10. What are the limitations of Kelvin’s law?

PART-B
1. Explain in details about HVDC system. (13)
2. Discuss briefly each of the following
(i) Feeders, (ii) Radial distribution, (iii) Ring main distribution,
(iv) Interconnected system
3. Explain in detail about concentrated and distributed loading.
4. Explain in details about EHVAC system
5. Explain about FACTS and its controllers with neat diagram (13)
6. Explain the various types of DC distributors (13)
7. Explain the various types of bus bar arrangements in substation (13)
8. Explain the various types of AC distributors (13)