222ECO01__Anand__advanced_econometrics_activity1.

R
andand

2024-02-02
Question 1:

a) Source of data: This dataset is originally from the National Institute

of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

b) Time Period of data: The data was collected between 1965 and 1988

c) Dependent variable: The dependent variable is “Outcome”. This is a

binary variable that takes the dummy value of 1 if a patient is
Diabetic and 0 if a patient is Not Diabetic

d) Explanatory variables: The explanatory variables include Pregnancies,

Glucose, Blood Pressure, Skin Thickness, Insulin, BMI, Diabetes
Pedigree Function, and Age of the patients.

The objective of the dataset is to predict whether or not a patient has

diabetes, based on the explanatory variables included in the dataset

library(dplyr)

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library(purrr)

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library(Ecdat)

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library(broom)

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library(aod)

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library(margins)

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library(lmtest)

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library(sandwich)

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library(DescTools)

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library(mfx)

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library(brant)

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library(tidyr)

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library(janitor)

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library(nnet)

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library(readxl)

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#Question 2) Run a Linear Probability Model and interpret the

coefficients
diabetes <- read_excel("C:\\Users\\andand\\Desktop\\diabetes.xlsx")
diabetes <- diabetes %>%
mutate(Outcome_num = ifelse(Outcome == "NotDiabetic", 0, 1))

model_lpm <- lm(Outcome_num ~ Pregnancies + Glucose + BloodPressure +

SkinThickness + Insulin + BMI + DiabetesPedigreeFunction +
Age, data = diabetes)
summary(model_lpm)

##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Outcome_num ~ Pregnancies + Glucose + BloodPressure +
## SkinThickness + Insulin + BMI + DiabetesPedigreeFunction +
## Age, data = diabetes)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.01348 -0.29513 -0.09541 0.32112 1.24160
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -0.8538943 0.0854850 -9.989 < 2e-16 ***
## Pregnancies 0.0205919 0.0051300 4.014 6.56e-05 ***
## Glucose 0.0059203 0.0005151 11.493 < 2e-16 ***
## BloodPressure -0.0023319 0.0008116 -2.873 0.00418 **
## SkinThickness 0.0001545 0.0011122 0.139 0.88954
## Insulin -0.0001805 0.0001498 -1.205 0.22857
## BMI 0.0132440 0.0020878 6.344 3.85e-10 ***
## DiabetesPedigreeFunction 0.1472374 0.0450539 3.268 0.00113 **
## Age 0.0026214 0.0015486 1.693 0.09092 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.4002 on 759 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3033, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2959
## F-statistic: 41.29 on 8 and 759 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16

Interpretation of coefficients

i) An increase in Pregnancies by one unit increases the probability of the

patient being Diabetic by 0.0205919, holding other variables constant

ii) An increase in Glucose by one unit increases the probability of the patient
being Diabetic by 0.0059203, holding other variables constant

iii) An increase in Blood Pressure by one unit decreases the probability of the
patient being Diabetic by 0.0023319, holding other variables constant
 iv) An increase in Skin Thickness by one unit increases the probability of the
patient being Diabetic by 0.0001545, holding other variables constant

v) An increase in Insulin by one unit decreases the probability of the patient

being Diabetic by 0.0001805, holding other variables constant

vi) An increase in BMI by one unit increases the probability of the patient
being Diabetic by 0.0132440, holding other variables constant

vii) An increase in Diabetes Pedigree Function by one unit increases the

probability of the patient being Diabetic by 0.1472374, holding other
variables constant

viii) An increase in Age by one unit increases the probability of the patient
being Diabetic by 0.0026214, holding other variables constant

#Question 3) Run a Logit/Probit model and interpret the coefficients

model_logit <- glm(Outcome_num ~ Pregnancies + Glucose + BloodPressure +

SkinThickness + Insulin + BMI + DiabetesPedigreeFunction
+ Age, data = diabetes, family = binomial(link = "logit"))

summary(model_logit)

##
## Call:
## glm(formula = Outcome_num ~ Pregnancies + Glucose + BloodPressure +
## SkinThickness + Insulin + BMI + DiabetesPedigreeFunction +
## Age, family = binomial(link = "logit"), data = diabetes)
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) -8.4046964 0.7166359 -11.728 < 2e-16 ***
## Pregnancies 0.1231823 0.0320776 3.840 0.000123 ***
## Glucose 0.0351637 0.0037087 9.481 < 2e-16 ***
## BloodPressure -0.0132955 0.0052336 -2.540 0.011072 *
## SkinThickness 0.0006190 0.0068994 0.090 0.928515
## Insulin -0.0011917 0.0009012 -1.322 0.186065
## BMI 0.0897010 0.0150876 5.945 2.76e-09 ***
## DiabetesPedigreeFunction 0.9451797 0.2991475 3.160 0.001580 **
## Age 0.0148690 0.0093348 1.593 0.111192
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
##
## Null deviance: 993.48 on 767 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 723.45 on 759 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 741.45
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5

Interpretation of the coefficients:

i) An increase in Pregnancies by one unit increases the log odds of a patient

being Diabetic by 0.1231823, holding other variables constant

ii) An increase in Glucose by one unit increases the log odds of a patient being
Diabetic by 0.0351637, holding other variables constant

iii) An increase in Blood Pressure by one unit decreases the log odds of a
patient being Diabetic by 0.0132955, holding other variables constant

iv) An increase in Skin Thickness by one unit increases the log odds of a
patient being Diabetic by 0.0006190, holding other variables constant

v) An increase in Insulin by one unit decreases the log odds of a patient being
Diabetic by 0.0011917, holding other variables constant

vi) An increase in BMI by one unit increases the log odds of a patient being
Diabetic by 0.0897010, holding other variables constant

vii) An increase in Diabetes Pedigree Function by one unit increases the log
odds of a patient being Diabetic by 0.9451797, holding other variables
constant

viii) An increase in Age by one unit increases the log odds of a patient being
Diabetic by 0.0148690, holding other variables constant