PRC2 - QM April 2023

Solution

2. Sol: 1 – (7C0 x 0.50 x 0.57) = 0.9922

3. Sol: = (1.1)6 – (1.09)6 = 0.0945 x 100 = 9.45%

4. Sol: 1 – {5C0 x [1⁄6]0 x [5⁄6]5} = 0.598

6. Sol: Arranged Data: 63000, 63000, 65000, 68000, 70000, 72000, 75000, 78000
8+1
Median = 2 = 4.5th value → 68000 + 0.5(70000 – 68000) = 69000

9. Sol: O E (O – E)2 (O – E)2/E

64 60 16 0.267
144 120 576 4.8
192 220 784 3.564
χ2cal 8.631
11418−11025
10. Sol: Calculated value: 1775 = 2.214
√100
Table value: 2.58

12. Sol: Mean = 5.28 (By calculator)

t α (n–1) = t 0.01 (5–1) = 4.6041 (T- Table)
2 2
0.653
µ = 5.28 ± 4.6041 x
√5
= 3.94 & 6.6
1 1
−
√10 √100
13. Sol: 1 x 100 = 68.38%
√10

1.65 x 5 2
14. Sol: n=( ) = 68
1

3C2 x 22C3
17. Sol: = 0.087
25C5

40 41 42 43 44
18. Sol: 1 – [e-4{ 0! + 1!
+ 2!
+ 3!
+ 4!
}] = 0.3712

5−5.15
19. Sol: z= = -3
0.05
= P(-3) = 0.0013

5C2
20. Sol: = 0.1515
12C2

21. Sol: 0.5 + 0.4 = 0.9

1 x 10 x 10 x 1 1
24. Sol: 7 x 10 x 10 x 10
= 70

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PRC2 - QM April 2023

25. Sol: 1 – {5C0 x [1⁄6]0 x [5⁄6]5} = 0.598

∑ 𝑥𝑦 ∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
−( )( )
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
26. Sol: b= ∑ 𝑥2 ∑ 𝑥 2
−( )
𝑛 𝑛
2851 75 225
−( )( )
6 6 6
b= 625 75 = -0.12
−( )2
6 6
a = y - bx
225 75
a = 6 – (-0.12) ( 6 ) = 39
so, regression line y on x is y = 39 - 0.12x

3700 4500 4800

27. Sol: 20X7 = 3700 x 100 = 100 20X8 = 3700 x 100 = 121.62 20X9 = 3700 x 100 = 129.73

5000 5300
20Y0 = 3700 x 100 = 135.14 20Y1 = 3700 x 100 = 143.24

31. Sol: Year Cashflow r = 10% PV

0 (5m) (1.1)0 (5m)
1 5m x 10% = 0.5m (1.1)-1 0.4545m
2 5m x 12% = 0.6m (1.1)-2 0.4959m
1 5m x 14% + 5m = 5.7m (1.1)-3 4.2825m
NPV 0.2329m
8C4
32. Sol: 13C4
x 100 = 9.8%

1 1
−
√45 √70
33. Sol: 1 x 100 = 24.72%
√70

34. Sol: = (1.1)8 – (1.09)8 = 0.151 x 100 = 15.1%

7C2
36. Sol: 12C2
= 0.3182

39. Sol: x + 10 = 11x2 – x + 1

11x2 – 2x – 9 = 0 (Put in calculator)
x = 1 x = -0.8181
n
40. Sol: 45000 = {2(1000) + (n – 1) x 500}
2
n = 12

42. Sol: 20000(1.12)3 = 28098.56

3
43. Sol: √7 x 14 x 21 = 12.71

45. Sol: 0.5 = 1.5{(1+r)4 – 1}

r = 7.45%

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PRC2 - QM April 2023
1− 1.12−5
46. Sol: x{ 0.12
} = 3.6x

65C2 x 35C2
47. Sol: 100C4
= 0.3156

10
48. Sol: 750000 = 1000000 x r x {4 + 12}

51. Sol:

-1.28 Z=0

0.684−0.7
Z= = -1.74
0.0092
Z= -1.74 is in the rejected region, so we will reject the hypothesis.

52. Sol: Year Cashflow r = 9% PV

0 (9m) (1.09)0 (9m)
1 9m x 8% = 0.72m (1.09)-1 0.6606m
2 9m x 12% = 1.08m (1.09)-2 0.9091m
1 9m x 14% + 9m = 10.26m (1.09)-3 7.9226m
NPV 0.4922m
1 1
55. Sol: 8P3
= 336

1 x 10 x 10 x 1 1
56. Sol: 8 x 10 x 10 x 10
= 80

1 5 1
57. Sol: 2C2 x (6)2 x (6)0 = 36 = 0.028

58. Sol: 5C4 x 0.854 x 0.152 = 0.3915 x 100 = 39.15%

0.0715 12x4
60. Sol: Option 1: {1 + 12
} –1 = 0.33 = 33%
0.0723 6x4
Option 2: {1 + } –1 = 0.3331 = 33.31%
6

Option 3: (0.081 x 4) = 0.324 = 32.4%

0.0751 4x4
Option 4: {1 + 4 } – 1 = 0.3466 = 34.66%
(Option 4 is giving the best return in 4 years time)
Note: There is no use of other data given in the question)

62. Sol: = (1.1)6 – (1.09)6 = 0.0945 x 100 = 9.45%

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PRC2 - QM April 2023

63. Sol: Jaffer = [(1.1)6 – 1] = 0.7716

Kareem = [(1.08)6 – 1] = 0.5869
0.7716−0.5869
Percent = 0.5869
x 100 = 31.47%

64. Sol: Total Contribution = Total Revenue – Total Variable Cost

= Rs. 550000 – Rs. 270000
= Rs. 280000
∑(x− x)2 0.555
67. Sol: √ =√ = 0.333
n 5

68. Sol: Option 1: (0.15 x 6) = 0.9 = 90%

Option 2: (1 + 0.1)6 – 1 = 0.7716 = 77.16%
0.09
Option 3: {1 + 2 }2x6 – 1 = 0.6959 = 69.59%
0.08
Option 4: {1 + 12 }12x6 – 1 = 0.6135 = 61.35%
(Option 1 is giving the best return in 6 years time)

70. Sol: 36300 = 30000(1 + x)2 → x = 0.1 or 10%

30000(1.1)3 = 39930
400000
72. Sol: 0.05
x 1.05-8 = 5.41 million

74. Sol: 3x + 2y = 18000

3x – 2y = 15000 (Solve simultaneously on calculator)
x = 5500 y = 750

75. Sol: 0.5 x 0.4 = 0.2

1− 1.1−9
76. Sol: 8000{ 0.1
} x 1.1-3 = 32389

77. Sol: O E (O – E)2 (O – E)2/E

64 50 196 3.92
88 75 169 2.25
348 375 729 1.94
χ2cal 8.11
5.06−5.05
79. Sol: z= 0.025
= 0.4
= P (0.4) = 0.6554 = 65.54%

84. Sol: Year Cashflow r = 10% PV

0 (5m) (1.1)0 (5m)
1 5m x 12% = 0.6m (1.1)-1 0.5454m
2 5m x 14% = 0.7m (1.1)-2 0.5785m
1 5m x 16% + 5m = 5.8m (1.1)-3 4.3576m
NPV 0.4816m

0.0751 3x
85. Sol: 2.5 = 2(1 + x
) → x = 4 (means compounded quarterly)

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PRC2 - QM April 2023
1− 1.1−4
86. Sol: x{ 0.1
} = 3.16x

1− 1.09−4
87. Sol: x{ 0.09
} = 3.24x

88. Sol: Mean = 5.28 (By calculator)

t α (n–1) = t 0.05 (5–1) = 2.7764 (T- Table)
2 2
0.653
µ = 5.28 ± 2.7764 x
√5
= 4.47 & 6.09

∑ p1 q0 x ∑ p1q1 60 x 72
91. sol: √ = √70.5 x 73 = 0.9162 or 91.62%
∑ p0 q0 x ∑ p0 q1

∑ 𝑥𝑦 ∑𝑥 ∑𝑦 1950 45 280
−( )( ) − ( )( )
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 6 6 6
92. Sol: byx = ∑ 𝑥2 ∑𝑥 2
= 305 45 2
= 4.62
( )− ( ) ( )− ( )
𝑛 𝑛 6 6
ayx = y – byx x
280 45
ayx = ( ) – 4.62 ( ) = 12.02
6 6

4.50 4.51 4.52 4.53 4.54

93. Sol: 1 – [e-4.5{ 0!
+ 1!
+ 2!
+ 3!
+ 4!
}] = 0.4679

94. Sol: Option 1: (0.11 x 5) = 0.55 = 55%

0.08 4x5
Option 2: {1 + 4 } – 1 = 0.4859 = 48.59%
Option 3: (1 + 0.1) – 1
5
= 0.6105 = 61.05%
0.09 2x5
Option 4: {1 + } –1 = 0.553 = 55.3%
2
(Option 3 is least beneficial for him in 6 years’ time)

96. Sol: Year Cashflow r = 12% PV

0 (4m) (1.12)0 (4m)
1 4m x 10% = 0.4m (1.12)-1 0.3571m
2 4m x 12% = 0.48m (1.12)-2 0.3827m
1 4m x 14% + 4m = 5.56m (1.12)-3 3.2457m
NPV 0.0144m
3700 4800 4500
97. Sol: 20X7 = 4500 x 100 = 82.22 20X8 = 4500 x 100 = 106.67 20X9 = 4500 x 100 = 100

4500 5300
20Y0 = 4500 x 100 = 100 20Y1 = 4500 x 100 = 117.78

1.96 x 5 2
98. Sol: n=( 3
) = 11

3700 4500 4800

99. Sol: 20X7 = 4500 x 100 = 82.22 20X8 = 4500 x 100 = 100 20X9 = 4500 x 100 = 106.67

5000 5300
20Y0 = 4500 x 100 = 111.11 20Y1 = 4500 x 100 = 117.78

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PRC2 - QM April 2023
5P1 x 7P1
109. Sol: 12P2
= 0.2651

5.05−5.15
111. Sol: z = 0.05 = -2
= P(-2) = 0.0228 = 2.28%
6P1 x 9P1
112. Sol: = 0.2571
15P2

3C2 x 5C1 x 2C1 x 2C1

113. Sol: x 100 = 7.6%
12C5

114. Sol: 1 – {4C0 x [1⁄6]0 x [5⁄6]4} = 0.5177

115. Sol: 1 – {2C0 x [1⁄6]0 x [5⁄6]2} = 0.306

8000
117. Sol: x 1.08-8 = 54027
0.08

24
118. Sol: 288000 = 2
{2a + (24 – 1) x 1000}
a = 500

80000(1.2n −1)
119. Sol: 1500000 =
1.2−1
n = 8.55 which means 9th year
24
120. Sol: 426000 = {2(500) + (24 – 1) x d}
2
d = 1500
a24 = a + 23d = 500 + 23 x 1500 = 35000
500
121. Sol: 25x - x = 25 (Multiply by x)
25x2 – 500 = 25x
25x2 – 25x – 500 = 0 (Put in Calculator)
x = -4 x=5
650
124. Sol: 15x - x = 15 (Multiply by x)
15x2 – 650 = 15x
15x2 – 15x – 650 = 0 (Put in Calculator)
x = 7.1 x = -6.1
3C2 x 17C3
125. Sol: 20C5
= 0.1316

1 1
−
√45 √75
126. Sol: 1 x 100 = 22.54%
√45

128. Sol: 1.096 - 1.086 = 0.0902 = 9.02%

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PRC2 - QM April 2023
12
131. Sol: 105000 = 2
{2(500) + (12 – 1) x d}
d = 1500

1− 1.13−4
132. Sol: x{ 0.13
} = 2.97x

133. Sol: 4 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 108 ways

134. Sol: 3(S – 7) = F – 7

3S – 21 = F – 7
3S – F = 14 → Eq 1

2(S + 7) = F + 7
2S + 14 = F + 7
2S – F = -7 → Eq 2
Put eq 1 & eq 2 in calculator as simultaneous solution and find the value
S = 21 F = 49
3
136. Sol: 1 1 1 = 12
+ +
10 12 15

137. Sol: 1(1 + x)-1 + 2(1 + x)-2 + 14.5(1 + x)-3 = 15 (Put in calculator)
x = 0.0573 = 5.73%

138. Sol: 10m = P(1 + 0.018)4x10 (Put P as x in calculator & solve)

P = 4.899 million
(Note: We will not divide 0.018 by 4 as it is the periodic rate not the nominal rate)

139. Sol: 1(1+x)-1 + 5.2(1+x)-2 + 0.85(1+x)-3 = 5 (Put in calculator)

x = 0.192 = 19.2%

140. Sol: By drawing the graph we get the following corner points
A(6250,0) B(0,10000) C(5000,2500)
Put in Profit Function which is P = 250x + 375y
(6250,0) = 250(6250) + 375(0) = 1562500
(0,10000) = 250(0) + 375(10000) = 3750000
(5000,2500) = 250(5000) + 375(2500) = 2187500
Maximum profit we are getting from these corner points is 3750000.

142. Sol: = 200000(1+0.135)5

= 376712

143. Sol: 0.6(1 + x)-1 + 0.8(1 + x)-2 + 4(1 + x)-3 = 4 (Put in calculator)
x = 0.1222 = 12.22%
2500
144. Sol: 0.12 = 250000
12

145. Sol: = 3C1 x 0.51 x 0.52 = 0.375

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PRC2 - QM April 2023
60 61 62 63 64
146. Sol: 1 – [e-6{ 0! + 1!
+ 2!
+ 3!
+ 4!
}] = 0.7151

149. Sol: Johnson = [(1.1)6 – 1] = 0.7716

John = [(1.09)6 – 1] = 0.6771
0.7716−0.6771
Percent = 0.6771
x 100 = 13.95%

155. Sol: Note: Working are in millions

0.1(1+x)-1 + 0.2(1+x)-2 + 2.3(1+x)-3 = 2 (Put value in calculator)
x = 0.0969 = 9.69%

156. Sol: Year Cashflow r = 8% PV

0 (3m) (1.08)0 (3m)
1 3m x 10% = 0.3m (1.08)-1 0.2778m
2 3m x 12% = 0.36m (1.08)-2 0.3086m
1 3m x 14% + 3m = 3.42m (1.08)-3 2.7149m
NPV 0.3013m
65 35
157. Sol: 4C2 x {100}2 x {100}2 = 0.3105

158. Sol: O E = np (O – E)2 (O – E)2/E

88 55.6 1049.79 18.88
188 222.4 1183.36 5.32
280 278 4 0.014
556 χ2cal 24.21
Here n = 556 and p = probability (percentage)

159. Sol: 3C1 x 0.51 x 0.52 = 0.375

1C1 x 2C1 x 2C1 x 4C1

160. Sol: 9C4
x 100 = 12.7%

161. Sol: O E (O – E)2 (O – E)2/E

64 40 576 14.40
144 160 256 1.600
192 200 64 0.320
χ2cal 16.32
2.58 x 5
162. Sol: n= ( 3 )2 = 18.49 near to 19

164. Sol: By drawing the graph we get the following corner points
A(8000,0) B(0,10200) C(4000,7000)
Put in Profit Function which is P = 120x + 80y
(8000,0) = 120(8000) + 80(0) = 960000
(0,10200) = 120(0) + 80(10200) = 816000
(4000,7000) = 120(4000) + 80(7000) = 1040000
Maximum profit we are getting from these corner points is 1040000.

166. Sol: 5C1 x 0.071 x 0.934 = 0.2618 x 100 = 26.18%

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PRC2 - QM April 2023

168. Sol: 156000 = 120000(1+4r), where r = 7.5%

Option a) 120000(1+0.075 x 3) = 147000
13
173. Sol: Option (i): S = 2 [2(6000) + (13 − 1)x300]
= 101400
Option (ii): a13 = 6000 + (13 – 1) x 300
= 9600

(1+0.07)9 −1
174. Sol: R[
0.07
] x 1.07 = 1000000
R= 78025

∑ WX
176. Sol: Weighted Mean = ∑W
200 x 80+170 x 80+ 50 x 64+ 20 x 75
Manager I = = 114.72
80+80+64+75
60 x 80+80 x 80+ 170 x 64+ 140 x 75
Manager II = = 108.96
80+80+64+75

177. Sol: A + 7K = 9
A + 2K = 4
Solve simultaneously, you will get the answer i-e. A= 2 & K= 1

178. Sol: 5A + 3K = 8
3A – 2K = 1
Solve simultaneously, you will get the answer i-e. A= 1 & K= 1

s ∑(x− x)2 500

179. Sol: Standard error = Standard deviation (s) = √ = √50−1 = 3.19
√n n−1
3.19
Standard error = = 0.535
√50

pq
180. Sol: P = p ± Z𝛼 x √
2 𝑛
109
p= = 0.363
300
0.363 x 0.637
P = 0.363 ± 2.33 x √ 300
= 0.2983 to 0.4277
2210
183. Sol: IRR = 11% + [ x (15 − 11)] %
2210−(−1918)
= 13.14%
1 1 1 1
184. Sol: 6
x 6 x 6 = 216

185. Sol: Mean = 5.32 (By calculator)

t α (n–1) = t 0.01 (5–1) = 4.6041 (T- Table)
2 2
0.6723
µ = 5.32 ± 4.6041 x = 3.94 & 6.70
√5

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PRC2 - QM April 2023

186. Sol: Note: Working are in millions

0.8(1+x)-1 + 1.2(1+x)-2 + 1.8(1+x)-3 = 3 (Put value in calculator) x = 0.1118 = 11.18%

0.12 4x8
(1+ ) −1 0.12
4
187. Sol: = 400000[ 0.12 ] x [1 + 4
]
4

= 21631137

∑ 𝑥𝑦 ∑𝑥 ∑𝑦 1985 65 315
−( )( ) − ( )( )
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 5 5 5
188. Sol: byx = ∑ 𝑥2 ∑𝑥 2
= 685 65 2
= 3.19
( )− ( ) ( )− ( )
𝑛 𝑛 5 5
ayx = y – byx x
315 65
ayx = ( 5 ) – 13.19 ( 5 ) = -108.47

189. Sol: Sales – Total cost = 0 (at breakeven)

Sales = 16.8x Total Cost = -0.09x2 +1.8x + 5000
16.8x – (-0.09x2 +1.8x + 5000) = 0
16.8x + 0.09x2 -1.8x - 5000 = 0
0.09x2 + 15x – 5000 = 0 (Put in calculator)
X = 167

190. Sol: = 5 (1.15)-10 = 1.24M

x 4x3
192. Sol: = 5 (1 + 4) = 6M where x = 0.0612
0.0612 4x3
= 6 (1 + ) = 7.2M
4

5641
195. Sol: IRR = 8% + [5641−(−2354) x (10 − 8)] %
= 9.41%

197. Sol: Consonants: LDNG Vowels: EAI

= 5! x 3! = 720
5C2
203. Sol 13C2
= 0.1282

Best of Luck Students

Note: If you found any mistake do let me know on WhatsApp No. 03328870263

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
This table gives the area under the normal curve between the mean and a point Z
standard deviations above the mean. The corresponding area for deviations below

the mean can be found by symmetry.

Z=
x    0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0159 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
0.3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
0.4 .1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879

0.5 .1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
0.6 .2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2518 .2549
0.7 .2580 .2611 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
0.8 .2881 .2910 .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
0.9 .3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389

1.0 .3413 .3438 .3461 .3485 .3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599 .3621
1.1 .3643 .3665 .3686 .3708 .3729 .3749 .3770 .3790 .3810 .3830
1.2 .3849 .3869 .3888 .3907 .3925 .3944 .3962 .3980 .3997 .4015
1.3 .4032 .4049 .4066 .4082 4099 .4115 .4131 .4147 .4162 .4177
1.4 .4192 .4207 .4222 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292 .4306 .4319

1.5 .4332 .4345 .4357 .4370 .4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4430 .4441
1.6 .4452 .4463 .4474 .4485 .4495 .4505 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545
1.7 .4554 .4564 .4573 .4582 .4591 .4599 .4608 .4616 .4625 .4633
1.8 .4641 .4649 .4656 .4664 .4671 .4678 .4686 .4693 .4699 .4706
1.9 .4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4762 .4767

2.0 .4772 .4778 .4783 .4788 .4793 .4798 .4803 .4808 .4812 .4817
2.1 .4821 .4826 .4830 .4834 .4838 .4842 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857
2.2 .4861 .4865 .4868 .4871 .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884 .4887 .4890
2.3 .4893 .4896 .4898 .4901 .4904 .4906 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916
2.4 .4918 .4920 .4922 .4925 .4927 .4929 .4931 .4932 .4934 .4936

2.5 .4938 .4940 .4941 .4943 .4945 .4946 .4948 .4949 .4951 .4952
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4956 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4961 .4962 4963 .4964
2.7 .4965 .4966 .4967 .4968 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
2.8 .4974 .4975 .4976 .4977 .4977 .4978 .4979 .4980 .4980 .4981
2.9 .4981 .4982 .4983 .4983 .4984 .4984 .4985 .4985 .4986 .4986

3.0 .49865 .4987 .4987 .4988 .4988 .4989 .4989 .4989 .4990 .4990
3.1 .49903 .4991 .4991 .4991 .4992 .4992 .4992 .4992 .4993 .4993
3.2 .49931 .4993 .4994 .4994 .4994 .4994 .4994 .4995 .4995 .4995
3.3 .49952 .4995 .4995 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4997
3.4 .49966 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4998
3.5 .49977
T DISTRIBUTION TABLE
The critical values of t distribution are calculated according to the probabilities of two alpha
values and the degrees of freedom. The Alpha(α) values 0.05 one tailed and 0.1 two tailed
are the two columns to be compared with the degrees of freedom in the row of the table.
α (1 tail) 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0025 0.001 0.0005
α (2 tail) 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0.001
df
1 6.3138 12.7065 31.8193 63.6551 127.3447 318.4930 636.0450
2 2.9200 4.3026 6.9646 9.9247 14.0887 22.3276 31.5989
3 2.3534 3.1824 4.5407 5.8408 7.4534 10.2145 12.9242
4 2.1319 2.7764 3.7470 4.6041 5.5976 7.1732 8.6103
5 2.0150 2.5706 3.3650 4.0322 4.7734 5.8934 6.8688

6 1.9432 2.4469 3.1426 3.7074 4.3168 5.2076 5.9589

7 1.8946 2.3646 2.9980 3.4995 4.0294 4.7852 5.4079
8 1.8595 2.3060 2.8965 3.3554 3.8325 4.5008 5.0414
9 1.8331 2.2621 2.8214 3.2498 3.6896 4.2969 4.7809
10 1.8124 2.2282 2.7638 3.1693 3.5814 4.1437 4.5869

11 1.7959 2.2010 2.7181 3.1058 3.4966 4.0247 4.4369

12 1.7823 2.1788 2.6810 3.0545 3.4284 3.9296 4.3178
13 1.7709 2.1604 2.6503 3.0123 3.3725 3.8520 4.2208
14 1.7613 2.1448 2.6245 2.9768 3.3257 3.7874 4.1404
15 1.7530 2.1314 2.6025 2.9467 3.2860 3.7328 4.0728

16 1.7459 2.1199 2.5835 2.9208 3.2520 3.6861 4.0150

17 1.7396 2.1098 2.5669 2.8983 3.2224 3.6458 3.9651
18 1.7341 2.1009 2.5524 2.8784 3.1966 3.6105 3.9216
19 1.7291 2.0930 2.5395 2.8609 3.1737 3.5794 3.8834
20 1.7247 2.0860 2.5280 2.8454 3.1534 3.5518 3.8495

21 1.7207 2.0796 2.5176 2.8314 3.1352 3.5272 3.8193

22 1.7172 2.0739 2.5083 2.8188 3.1188 3.5050 3.7921
23 1.7139 2.0686 2.4998 2.8073 3.1040 3.4850 3.7676
24 1.7109 2.0639 2.4922 2.7970 3.0905 3.4668 3.7454
25 1.7081 2.0596 2.4851 2.7874 3.0782 3.4502 3.7251

26 1.7056 2.0555 2.4786 2.7787 3.0669 3.4350 3.7067

27 1.7033 2.0518 2.4727 2.7707 3.0565 3.4211 3.6896
28 1.7011 2.0484 2.4671 2.7633 3.0469 3.4082 3.6739
29 1.6991 2.0452 2.4620 2.7564 3.0380 3.3962 3.6594
30 1.6973 2.0423 2.4572 2.7500 3.0298 3.3852 3.6459

31 1.6955 2.0395 2.4528 2.7440 3.0221 3.3749 3.6334

32 1.6939 2.0369 2.4487 2.7385 3.0150 3.3653 3.6218
33 1.6924 2.0345 2.4448 2.7333 3.0082 3.3563 3.6109
34 1.6909 2.0322 2.4411 2.7284 3.0019 3.3479 3.6008
35 1.6896 2.0301 2.4377 2.7238 2.9961 3.3400 3.5912

36 1.6883 2.0281 2.4345 2.7195 2.9905 3.3326 3.5822

37 1.6871 2.0262 2.4315 2.7154 2.9853 3.3256 3.5737
38 1.6859 2.0244 2.4286 2.7115 2.9803 3.3190 3.5657
39 1.6849 2.0227 2.4258 2.7079 2.9756 3.3128 3.5581
40 1.6839 2.0211 2.4233 2.7045 2.9712 3.3069 3.5510
CHI-SQUARE PROBABILITIES
The areas given across the top are the areas to the right of the critical value. To look up an area on
the left, subtract it from one, and then look it up (i.e.: 0.05 on the left is 0.95 on the right)

The shaded area is equal to α for 𝑋2 = 𝑋2

df 0.995 0.99 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
1 --- --- 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 12.833 15.086 16.750

6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188

11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801

16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997

21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.559
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928

26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 36.741 40.113 43.195 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.993
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 39.087 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.336
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672

40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.051 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
50 27.991 29.707 32.357 34.764 37.689 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.154 79.490
60 35.534 37.485 40.482 43.188 46.459 74.397 79.082 83.298 88.379 91.952
70 43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 55.329 85.527 90.531 95.023 100.425 104.215
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.278 96.578 101.879 106.629 112.329 116.321
90 59.196 61.754 65.647 69.126 73.291 107.565 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.169