Name:___________ Date: ________

Unit 3 Revision Sheet

Topics:
Unit 3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of
Traits
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

LESSON 2: ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

LESSON 3: WHAT IS DNA?

LESSON 4: MITOSIS

LESSON 5: MEIOSIS

LESSON 6: DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE TRAITS

 I. MCQ:
1) Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells and is
responsible for providing structural support?
a. Centriole
b. Cell membrane
c. Cell Wall
d. Lysosome
2) The structure of DNA can be described as a:
a. Double helix
b. Single strand
c. Triple helix
d. Quadruple helix
3) During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and
move towards opposite poles of the cell?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
4) How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
5) Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

6) Ribosomes are the sites of ___________.

a. Photosynthesis
b. fat synthesis
c. protein synthesis
d. respiration
7) During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair
up together and crossing-over occur?

a. Prophase I
b. Metaphase I
c. Anaphase I
d. Telophase I

8) During which phase of mitosis and meiosis does the nuclear

envelope re-form around each set of chromosomes, and the cell
undergoes cytokinesis?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Telophase
d. Anaphase
9) What is the main purpose of meiosis?
a) Formation of reproductive cells
b) Reduction in chromosome number
c) Separation of sister chromatids
d) Crossing over
10) During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense, and
the nuclear envelope begins to break down?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
11) Which cellular structure is responsible for controlling what
enters and exits the cell?
a. Nucleus
b. Cell membrane
c. Ribosome
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
12) What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular
organisms?
a. Production of gametes
b. Growth and repair of cells
c. Genetic variation
d. DNA replication
13) How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
14) Which of the following best describes the chromosome
number of the daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis II?
a. Haploid
b. Diploid
c. Tetraploid
d. Triploid
15) An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait is:

a. Heterozygous
b. Homogeneous
c. Heterogeneous
d. Homozygous
16) The trait that is hidden or masked in the presence of a
dominant allele is called:
a. recessive trait
b. dominant trait
c. homozygous trait
d. heterozygous trait
17) Meiosis is a process that occurs
a. in all body cells
b. in reproductive cells
c. in all body cells except reproductive cells
d. a and b
 18) Cell theory states that all living things are composed of:
a. Atoms
b. Cells
c. Molecules
d. a and c
19) The allele that is the strongest is called:
a. Dominant allele
b. Recessive allele
c. Showed allele
d. a and b
20) The Nucleus and nuclear membrane disappear in ___________,
and reform in______________.
a. Telophase, Prophase
b. Prophase, Telophase
c. Interphase, Prophase
d. Metaphase, Telophase

II. Matching:
1)Match the terms in column A to their meaning in
column B.
Column A Column B
__ _ Interphase a. The cell membrane pinches in, dividing the
cytoplasm into 2 cells
__ _ Prophase b. The chromatin forms chromosomes, nuclear
membrane gone
____ Metaphase c. A nuclear membrane forms around both sets of
chromatids
____ Anaphase d. The chromosomes line up across the middle of the
cell
_ ___ Cytokinesis e. The cell grows, matures, and eventually copies its
DNA
____ Telophase f. The chromatids are pulled apart, to opposite ends
of the cell
 2)Match the terms in column A to their meaning in
column B.

Column A Column B
DNA Organized structure of DNA
Gene Wound structure of DNA
Chromosomes small sequence of DNA
Double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid

III. True/False:
After reading each sentence, decide whether the statement is true or false.
Correct each false statement to make it correct.

1. During Anaphase, DNA duplicates. _________________

____________________________________________________________
2. The cell membrane protects only the plant cell and controls the movement
of nutrients into the cell. _____________
_____________________________________________________________
3. In Mitosis each mother cell will divide to give 4 identical daughter cells.
_____________________________________________________________
4. Chlorophyll gives the green pigment to the leaves._ ______
___________________________________________________________
5. In Meiosis each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as
their mother cell. _________
___________________________________________________________
 IV. Diagram and charts
The diagram below shows six cells in various phases of the cell cycle.

Note the cells are not arranged in the order in which the cell cycle occurs. Use the
diagram to answer questions.

________________ 1. Which cell is prophase?

_________________2.Which cell is in metaphase?

_________________3.Which cell is in the first phase before mitosis?

_________________4.In cell C, what structure is labeled X?

__________________5.List the diagrams in order from first to last in the

cell cycle.

____________________6. In cell E, what structure is labeled Y?

Drawing:
Part A:Draw and label animal cell and plant cell.

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Part B: Draw and label the stages of Mitosis:

Part C: Draw and label the stages of Meiosis I and II
Notes:
 The result of Mitosis is 2 identical daughter cells(Diploid Cells) to their
mother cell.
 The result of Meiosis is 4 non-identical haploid cells.
 Stages of Mitosis:
1.Prior to Mitosis:
Interphase: DNA duplicates itself and forms
chromosomes.
2. Prophase:
• The nucleus and nuclear membrane disappear
• Centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fibers
form
• Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.
3. Metaphase:
• Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers.
• Chromosomes line up at the equator.
4. Anaphase:
• Separation of the two sister chromatids.
• Each sister chromatid moves to opposite pole
6. Telophase:
• The chromosomes reach the poles
• The nucleus and nuclear membrane reform.
 Cytokinesis: The cell divides in the middle, forming two
new cells.
  Meiosis:

 Meiosis is the process in which a single cell divides twice to form

four different daughter cells.
 Reproductive cells have half the number of chromosomes (23
chromosomes) found in other cells and they are responsible for
reproduction in many plants and animals.
 Human reproductive cells are the sperm cells in males, and egg
cells in females.
 Sperm and egg cells unite together to form a zygote (46
chromosomes) by a process called fertilization.
 Stages of Meiosis:
Meiosis I:
1.Prior to Meiosis:
Interphase: DNA duplicates itself and forms
chromosomes.
2. Prophase I:
• The nuclear envelope disintegrates.
• Spindle fibres appear.
• Chromosomes begin to condense.
• Homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two
sister chromatids, align next to each other, and
crossing over occurs.
3. Metaphase I:
• Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at
the centromere.
• The homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial
plate
4. Anaphase I:
• Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move to
opposite poles.
• Sister chromatids remain attached
5. Telophase I:
• Spindle fibres disappear.
• Nuclear envelope is reformed.
• Chromosomes de-condense.
7. Cytokinesis I:
• begins, dividing the cell.
• The cytoplasm and the cell division result in two daughter
cells, each containing half the chromosome number of the
original cell.
2. Meiosis II: this process it is the same as Mitosis But The
result is four non-identical haploid daughter cells.
 Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis Meiosis

1 mother cell will give 2 1 mother cell will give 4

identical cells different cells
Same the number of Half the number of
chromosomes as in the mother chromosomes.
cells.
All body cells except Reproductive cells.
reproductive cells.
1 stage 2 stages
For growth and repair. For production of reproductive
cells (sperm and egg cell).
Cells are the same as their Cells are different from each
mother. other and their mother.
▼ ▼
This results in no genetic Sperm and egg cells unite to
variation. give a new individual (which in
not identical to either parents
because only half its genes from
each parent)
▼
This results in genetic variation.