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80 AP Calculus

Chapter Summary
This chapter has reviewed some important precalculus topics. These topics are not
directly tested on the AP exam; rather, they represent basic principles important in calcu-
lus. These include finding the domain, range and inverse of a function; and understand-
ing the properties of polynomial and rational functions, trigonometric and inverse trig
functions, and exponential and logarithmic functions.
For BC students, this chapter also reviewed parametrically defined functions.

Practice Exercises
Directions: Answer these questions without using your calculator.

1. If f(x) = x3 – 2x – 1, then f(–2) =

(A) –17 (B) –13 (C) –5 (D) –1 (E) 3

x −1
2. The domain of f(x) = is
x2 + 1

(A) all x 1 (B) all x 1, –1 (C) all x –1

(D) x"1 (E) all reals
x−2
3. The domain of g(x) = is
x2 − x

(A) all x 0, 1 (B) x ! 2, x 0, 1 (C) x!2

(D) x"2 (E) x > 2

4. If f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 2x + 5 and g(x) = 2, then g(f(x)) =

(A) 2x3 – 6x2 – 2x + 10 (B) 2x2 – 6x + 1 (C) –6

(D) –3 (E) 2

5. With the functions and choices as in Question 4, which choice is correct for f(g(x))?

6. If f(x) = x3 + Ax2 + Bx – 3 and if f(1) = 4 and f(–1) = –6, what is the value of 2A + B?

(A) 12 (B) 8 (C) 0 (D) –2

(E) It cannot be determined from the given information.

7. Which of the following equations has a graph that is symmetric with respect to the
origin?
x –1
(A) y = (B) y = 2x4 + 1 (C) y = x3 + 2x
x
x
(D) y = x3 + 2 (E) y = 3
x +1

8. Let g be a function defined for all reals. Which of the following conditions is not
sufficient to guarantee that g has an inverse function?

(A) g(x) = ax + b, a 0. (B) g is strictly decreasing.

(C) g is symmetric to the origin. (D) g is strictly increasing.
(E) g is one-to-one.
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Functions 81

9. Let y = f(x) = sin (arctan x). Then the range of f is

(A) {y ! 0 < y ! 1} (B) { y ! –1 < y < 1} (C) { y ! –1 ! y ! 1}

y ! – π < y < π  y ! – π ! y ! π 
(D)   (E)  
 2 2  2 2

10. Let g(x) = !cos x – 1!. The maximum value attained by g on the closed interval
[0, 2 ] is for x equal to
π
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) (D) 2 (E)
2

11. Which of the following functions is not odd?

(A) f(x) = sin x (B) f(x) = sin 2x (C) f(x) = x3 + 1

x 3
(D) f(x) = (E) f(x) = 2x
x +1
2

12. The roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are 1 and –2. The roots of f(2x) = 0 are
1 1
(A) 1 and –2 (B) and –1 (C) – and 1
2 2
(D) 2 and –4 (E) –2 and 4

13. The set of zeros of f(x) = x3 + 4x 2 + 4x is

(A) {–2} (B) {0, –2} (C) {0, 2} (D) {2} (E) {2, –2}

14. The values of x for which the graphs of y = x + 2 and y2 = 4x intersect are
(A) –2 and 2 (B) –2 (C) 2 (D) 0 (E) none of these

15. The function whose graph is a reflection in the y-axis of the graph of f(x) = 1 – 3x is
(A) g(x) = 1 – 3–x (B) g(x) = 1 + 3x (C) g(x) = 3x – 1
(D) g(x) = log3 (x – 1) (E) g(x) = log3 (1 – x)

16. Let f(x) have an inverse function g(x). Then f(g(x)) =

1
(A) 1 (B) x (C) (D) f(x) · g(x) (E) none of these
x

17. The function f(x) = 2x3 + x – 5 has exactly one real zero. It is between
(A) –2 and –1 (B) –1 and 0 (C) 0 and 1
(D) 1 and 2 (E) 2 and 3
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82 AP Calculus

2π
18. The period of f(x) = sin x is
3
1 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3 (E) 6
3 3 2

19. The range of y = f(x) = ln (cos x) is

(A) {y ! – < y ! 0} (B) { y ! 0 < y ! 1} (C) { y ! –1 < y < 1}

(D) y ! – π < y < π  (E) { y ! 0 ! y ! 1}

 
 2 2

b
20. If logb (3b) = 2 , then b =

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3 (E) 9
9 3 2

21. Let f –1 be the inverse function of f(x) = x3 + 2. Then f –1(x) =

1
(A) (B) (x + 2)3 (C) (x – 2)3
x −23

(D) 3
x+2 (E) 3
x–2

22. The set of x-intercepts of the graph of f(x) = x3 – 2x 2 – x + 2 is

(A) {1} (B) {–1, 1} (C) {1, 2}
(D) {–1, 1, 2} (E) {–1, –2, 2}

π π
(
23. If the domain of f is restricted to the open interval – 2 , 2 , then the range of )
f(x) = etan x is

(A) the set of all reals (B) the set of positive reals
(C) the set of nonnegative reals (D) { y ! 0 < y ! 1}
(E) none of these

24. Which of the following is a reflection of the graph of y = f(x) in the x-axis?

(A) y = –f(x) (B) y = f(–x) (C) y = ! f(x)!

(D) y = f(!x!) (E) y = –f(–x)

25. The smallest positive x for which the function f(x) = sin 3 – 1 is a maximum is (x)
π 3π
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3 (E) 6
2 2
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Functions 83

(
26. tan arccos – 2 ( 2 )) =
3 1 3
(A) –1 (B) – (C) – (D) (E) 1
3 2 3

27. If f –1(x) is the inverse of f(x) = 2e–x, then f –1(x) =

2 x  1  ln x
(A) ln   (B) ln   (C)
 x  2  2
(D) ln x (E) ln (2 – x)

28. Which of the following functions does not have an inverse function?
 – π ! x ! π x
(A) y = sin x (B) y = x3 + 2 (C) y=
 2 2 x2 +1
1 x
(D) y= e (E) y = ln (x – 2) (where x > 2)
2

29. Suppose that f(x) = ln x for all positive x and g(x) = 9 – x 2 for all real x. The domain
of f(g(x)) is

(A) {x ! x ! 3} (B) {x ! !x! ! 3} (C) {x ! !x! > 3}

(D) {x ! !x! < 3} (E) {x ! 0 < x < 3}

30. Suppose (as in Question 29) that f(x) = ln x for all positive x and g(x) = 9 – x 2 for all
real x. The range of y = f(g(x)) is

(A) {y ! y > 0} (B) {y ! 0 < y ! ln 9} (C) { y ! y ! ln 9}

(D) {y ! y < 0} (E) none of these

31. The curve defined parametrically by x(t) = t 2 + 3 and y(t) = t 2 + 4 is part of a(n) BC ONLY

(A) line (B) circle (C) parabola

(D) ellipse (E) hyperbola

32. Which equation includes the curve defined parametrically by x(t) = cos2 (t) and
y(t) = 2 sin (t)?

(A) x2 + y2 = 4 (B) x2 + y2 = 1 (C) 4x2 + y2 = 4

(D) 4x + y2 = 4 (E) x + 4y2 = 1