Md.

Tarequl Islam, Lecturer (English), BAF Shaheen College Bogura, Cell Number: 01641029424, 01928290540

Right form of Verb

Rule -1:
Modal Auxiliary verb
 Shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must,
 have to, has to, had to, am to, is to, are to, was to, were to,
 had better, would rather, would like to, be going to, be supposed to, ought to.

 Active Voice t Verb Gi KvR Subject wb‡R Ki‡j| (Avwg GKwU Mvwo wK‡bwQjvg|)
 Passive Voice t Verb Gi KvR Subject wb‡R bv Ki‡j| (GKwU Mvwo ‡Kbv n‡qwQj|)
Structure of Modal Auxiliary Verb
i. Active Voice t Sub + M.A. + V0
ii. Passive Voice t Sub + M.A. + be + V3
iii. Modal perfective t Sub + [ would/could/might/should/must] + have + V3

Example -
 (i) you should have completed the work.
 (ii) you should complete the work.
 (iii) The work should be completed.
Exercise:
(a) Every citizen must _ (cultivate) the habit of obeying rules and regulations of the society. (b) It may
____ (compare) to cancer that is increasing in our society at a great speed. (c) Rather, we should ____ (put)
high importance on learning English to make room for ourselves in the competitive world. (d) We have to
____ (develop) morality. (e) The culprits should ____ (punish) to control it. (f) But everybody ____
(consider) that he is not the only person in a society. (g) They can hardly ____ (realize) that they
themselves ruin/are ruining their health. (h) He could hardly ____ (recollect) his parents' memory. (i) They
should also ____ (participate) in co-curricular activities. (j) For this we have to ____ (ensure) education for
all and set a bright prospect for implementing all necessary steps. (k) They have to ____ (move) inch by
inch. (l) By getting the light of education, students can ____ (enlighten) their inside. (m) So, we all ____
(think) of the greater interest of the society. (n) All of us should ____ (adore) the great men of the world.
(o) Subsidies must____ (give) in the education sector. (p) Steps should ____ (take) to reserve the beauty of
the famous beach. (q) The poor students can ____ (bring) under "Food for Education" programme. (r)
Mills and factories can ____ (hold) responsible for this pollution.

Rule -2: Preposition

Pre  c~‡e,© Position ––– Ae¯’vb| Word + preposition + Noun /Pronoun

in, at, by, for, on, of, off, from, into, before, after, with, within, without, onto, below, under, through,
over, above, up, onto, past, while, beyond
Structure t Preposition + verb + ing
Example -
(i)He is interested in ____ (learn) English. (iii) Have you taken preposition for ____ (solve) it.
(ii) Rana is capable of ____ (do) the work. (iv) He must obtain from ____ (smoke).

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Exercise:
(a) By ____ (get) the light of education, students can enlighten their inside. (b) The drivers are in the habit
of ____ (violate) traffic rules. (c) Rather, we should put high importance on ____ (learn) English to make
room for ourselves in the competitive world. (d) They performed patriotic songs and arranged puppet
shows, besides ____ (stage) dramas. (e) Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by ____ (burn) fuel. (f)
Without ____ (work) hard, you cannot be successful. (g) He is not responsible for ____ (do) this. (h)
Student life is the best time for ____ (prepare) oneself for future. (i) In spite of ____ (be) an orphan, he had
developed a strong fabric of morality. (j) Students should be careful in ____ (maintain) discipline.

Rule - 3t with a view to

look forward to
come forward to
be used to verb + ing
get used to
accustomed to
mind
while

(i) He went to Dhaka with a view to ____ (meet) his friend. (ii) He was used to (play) cricket. (iii) While
(read). I found many problems.
(iv) Would you mind (lend) me the money? (v) He had got used (swim) everyday.

Rule 4 t Headword: (঴ব঴ময় Noun ev Pronoun n‡e)

Subject hLb Noun Phrase n‡e A_v©r Subject G G‡Ki AwaK kã _vK‡e ZLb Zvi gv‡S Headword _v‡K Ges Headword
Gi number I person Abyhvqx verb e‡m| Gerund = Verb + ing = Noun (Singular)
N. B. Subject যখন Noun Phrase ঵য় তখন বাাং঱া করার ঩র শল঳ লব্দটি Headwword এর কাজ করর| me©cÖ_g †h
Preposition _v‡K Zvi Av‡Mi অাংরল Headword থারক|
Exercise:
(a) The people of our country ____ (be) very friendly. (b) Reading story books ____ (be) a good pastime.
(c) The use of credit cards in place of cash ____ (be) increasing day by day. (d) The picture of the soldiers
____ (have) been hung on the wall. (e) Buying clothes from shopping mall ____ (be) interesting. (f) The
memories of our childhood ____ (taunt) us. (g) The colour of her eyes ____ (be) blue. (h) The sweet smell
of flowers ____ (please) us all. (i) The sister (singular) of the boys ____ (be) a beautiful girl. (j) The officer
(singular) of his uncles ____ (be) nice. (k) Most (plural) of the teachers of our county ____ (be) intelligent.
(l) One (singular) of the boys ____ (be) present. (m) Neither (singular) of the girls ____ (be) beautiful. (n)
Each (singular) of the boys ____ (be) undersized.
Rule: 5
Each, every, any, no, more than one, none/no one,
+ Singular Subject+ Singular Verb
someone, anything, nothing

each of (the), one of (the), either of (the), neither of

(the), none of (the), any of (the), the first/ the last of + Plural Noun/Pronoun + Singular Verb
(the), the number of (the)

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(a) Each boy and each girl - (have) got a prize. (b) No bus and no train - (be) seen. (c) One of them - (be)
my friend. (d) Neither of the girls - (be) beautiful.
Rule: 6
As well as, with, along with, together with, accompanied by, followed by, and + no/not
noun pronoun-এ noun pronoun verb ।
(a) The chairperson along with the members ___ (b) Nipu as well as her brothers, ___(be) good.
(be) present. (c) I and not Kamal ___ (has) done it.

Rule: 7
Not only.... but also, or, nor, either.....or neither.....nor noun/pronoun-এ
noun /pronoun- verb ।এ plural noun/pronoun ।
(a) You or he___ (be) present that day. (c) Not only Professor Hafiz but also his sons ___
(b) Neither she nor her sisters ___ (have) done it. (be) honest.
Rule: 8
এ , , য়, ওজ , য় , plural ও verb- singular য়।
(a) Fifty miles ___ (be) a long distance. (c) Twelve years ___(be) Jerry's age.
(b) Tk. 5000 ___ (be) spent.
Rule: 9
'One of the phrase - এ Noun/Pronoun Plural য় টকন্তু Verb Singular য়।
(a) One of the boys ____ (be) present. (b) One of the girls ____ (be) absent today.
Rule: 10
Compound/Complex sentence এ এ Clause Past tense Cause- ও Past tense য়।
Examples:
(a) The king inquired privately and __(find) that it was true.
(b) Suddenly she woke up and ___(feel) thirsty.
(c) When I was a child, I___(be) afraid of the dark.
(d) At once she ___ (understand) what was the matter.
(e) Every sound I___(hear) struck fear into me.
Rule: 11
Sub. + should+ verb এ base form + Ext. য়।
Examples:
1. Even in normal times the students should engage themselves in acts of social service.
2. We should take care that no institution is closed down due to political clashes.
3. To boost up education, the government should spend more money.
4. We should build good health and sound mind through physical exercise.
Rule: 12
Many a/an-এ noun ও verb singular য়। many, a many, the many, both, some, few- এ noun ও
verb ভয় plural য়।
Exercise:
(a) Many a rich man (live) here. (c) Many poor men- (live) in this town.
(b) Many a boy- (play) now. (d) Both of them (be) my friends.
Rule: 13
There/Here +Singular Verb+ Singular Subject There/Here + Verb+ Subject+ Plural Subject

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 Md. Tarequl Islam, Lecturer (English), BAF Shaheen College Bogura, Cell Number: 01641029424, 01928290540

Exercise
(a) There ___ (be) a high school in our village.
(b) There __ (be) two high schools in our village.
(c) There ____ (be) many reasons for this.
(d) There ____ (be) many persons in the society and they have the same right that one expects from one's society.
(e) Around this large dome there ____ (be) four smaller domes.
(f) Yesterday there ____ (be) shouts and rush of the passengers and the coolies.

Rule 14 t Finite verb (mgvwcKv wµqv) - Subject Gi Number, Person I Tense Abyhvqx †h Verb cwieZ©b nq|
(i) I want to learn English.
(ii) He wants to learn English.
(iii) They wanted to learn English.
Rule 15 t Non-Finite verb (AmgvwcKv wµqv) - Subject Gi Number, Person I Tense Abyhvqx †h Verb cwieZ©b nq bv|
(ii) Walking is a good exercise
N.F.V. F.V.
(ii) I preferred walking.
N.F.V.

Non – Finite verb 3 cÖKvi| Participle Avevi 3 cÖKvi| h_vÑ

(i) In finitive : to + V0 = Noun (ii) Present Participle  verb + ing = Adjective
(ii) Gerund : verb + ing = Noun (ii) Past Participle  V3 = Adjective
(iii) Participle : Adjective (iii) Perfect Participle = Having + V3 = Adjective

 Participle যেই Noun যে modify েরবে যেই Noun wb‡R KvR Ki‡j Present Participle
 Participle যেই Noun যে modify েরবে যেই Noun wb‡R KvR bv Ki‡j Past Participle.
(i) Participle:
Present Form(V1) Past Form (V2) Past Participle Form (V3) Verb + ing

Cry cried cried crying

Repair Repaired Repaired Repairing

Break broke broken breaking

Fly flew flown flying

Tear tore torn tearing

(a) Hasan found a ____ (steal) watch. (b) I saw a ____(walk) boy on the street. (c) I found a ____(break)
chair on the floor. (d) Having ____(complete) the work, he went to college. (e) He provided me a ____
(tear) paper. (f) There is a ____ (cry) child in the room. (g) He gifted me a ____ (repair) car. (h) Kuakata,
locally ____ (know) as Sagar kannaya is an uncommon scenic spot of Bangladesh. (i) This is the most
exciting and enjoyable game ever ____ (play) across the world. (j) Any football tournament ____
(arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. (k) Fishing boats ____ (ply) in the Bay of Bengal
and surfing waves add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. (l) ____ (call) her son, she told her son to give
her a glass of water and fell asleep again. (m) They have to wait on roads hours after hours____ (face)

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unbearable sufferings. (n) She along with others inspired millions with her voice ____ (raise) funds for
the refugee camps.

(ii) Infinitive Gi e¨envi t

 Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ †evSv‡j|  to buy.
i. He went to market (buy) a pen. = to buy
 ‡h mKj verb Gici infintive e‡m|
agree, attempt, claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, forget, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, need, offer,
plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, seem, strive (‡Póv Kiv), tend, want, wish |
(i) He forgot ____ (do) the work. = to do
 Adjective ev Adverb Gici infinitive e‡m| Adj/Adv + to + V0
(i) He did the work carefully ____ (earn) money. = to earn
verb adv
(ii) He is honest ____ (get) the job. = to get
(i) He is honest enough ____ (get) respect.
(a) Noun/Pronoun ‡K – (†Kgb/KZ/Kvi/ Kx‡mi/‡Kvb ai‡bi) Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j †h DËi cvIqv hvq Zv Adjective.
(b) Verb ‡K - (Kxfv‡e/KLb/‡Kv_vq Øviv) cÖkœ Ki‡j †h DËi cvIqv hvq Zv Adverb.
(c) Adjective/Adverb ‡K – (KZUzKz/KZ) Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j †h DËi cvIqv hvq Zv Adverb.

 Noun + ly = Adjective (friendly, motherly)

 Adjective + ly = Adverb (carefully, honestly, beautifully)
(i) The man is friendly.
(ii) She showed motherly affection.
(iii) He answered the question correctly.
(iv) He decorated the room beautifully.

(iii) Gerund (verb + ing = Noun) Gi e¨envi| Gerund me mgq singular.

 Verb Gi Subject iƒ‡c - Verb ‡K - (শক/ কারা/কী) Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j Subject cvIqv hvq|
(a) ____ (Teach) is a noble profession.
(b) ____ (Read) story books may be a good pastime.
(c) ____ (Buy) clothes from new market is very interesting.

 ‡h mKj verb Gi ci Gerund (Verb + ing) e‡m|

admit (¯^xKvi Kiv), appreciate (cÖksmv Kiv), avoid , can’t help consider, deloy (wej¤^ Kiv), deny (A¯^xKvi Kiv),
enjoy (Dc‡fvM Kiv), finish (‡kl Kiv), mind (g‡b Kiv), miss, postpone (¯’wMZ Kiv), Practice, quit (Z¨vM Kiv),
recall (¯§iY Kiv), suggest, resent (ÿwZKi), resist (cÖwZ‡iva Kiv), resume (weiwZi ci ïiæ), risk, report.

(a) I enjoy ____ (watch) movie.

(b) He finished ____ (do) the work.
(c) He didn’t mind ____ (go) there.
S.N. Sentences/ Examples 1. I dislike sleeping alone, and I still keep a tiny night light on. 2.
The king started following the prescription. 3. I hate sleeping alone, and I still keep a tiny night-light
on. 4. She started showing affection for him. 5. Then he waited standing by her bed with a glass of
water.
 Verb Gi Object iƒ‡c Ñ Verb ‡K - (Kx/ Kv‡K/Kv‡`i‡K) Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j object cvIqv hvq|
(a) He enjoy ____ (play).

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(b) He finished ____ (sing).

 Preposition + Gerund (verb + ing)
(a) He is capable of ____ (do) the work.
Rule 16 t
Tense
 wµqv msNwUZ nIqvi mgq‡K Tense e‡j|
(a) Now, we are learning English.
(b) I will teach you on Friday.
Tense 3 cÖKvi h_vÑ(ii) Present tense; (ii) Past tense; (iii) Future tense
প্ররতেক প্রকার Tense আবার 4 ধররনর
(a) indefinite tense (b) continuous tense (c) Perfect tense (d) Perfect continuous tense

Present indefinite tense

Structure :
Active Voice: Verb Gi KvR Subject wb‡R Ki‡j| Passive voice : Verb Gi KvR Subject wb‡R bv
 Affirmative: Subject + V1/ verb + s/es. Ki‡j|
 Sub 3rd person singular number n‡j verb + s/es|  Sub + was/ were + V3
 Negative : sub + do not /does not + V0

V0 V1 V2 V3 Verb + ing
be am, is, are was, were been being

 wPišÍb mZ¨ ev Af¨mMZ KvR|

(a) The sun (rise) in the East. = rises (c) Time and tide (wait) for none. = wait
(b) Two and two (make) four. = makes (d) I (get) up early in the morning. = get
 evsjv wµqvi †k‡l (G, q, B, I) Gi g‡Zv D”PvwiZ n‡j,
(a) He go to school regularly.
Subject(1) Finite verb (3) extension (2)
(b) Mainly it occurs in the congested areas.
Exercise:
(a) A teacher ____ (teach) his students from the (e) Selfishness ____ (not help) the society.
core of his heart. (f) But the man who ____ (not give up) the
(b) Road mishap ____ (happen) in our country wrong suffers surely.
almost everyday. (g) They ____ (not support) themselves.
(c) A large dome ____ (stand) above the centre (h) There are many people who ____ (not take)
of the building. physical exercise.
(d) Life ____ (become) dull to them.
More examples
1. The newspaper ____ (play) a vital role in modern civilization. 2. Dhaka, the world's densest and fastest
growing city, ____ (face) unbearable traffic jams. 3. There are many reasons for which many a student in
our country ____ (fail) in English. 4. Kuakata ____ (take) its origin from the story of a 'Kua' or well-dug
on the sea-shore. 5. It ____ (allow) visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. 6.
Rather it ____ (destroy) the peace and happiness of others. 7. In most cases, reckless driving ____ (cause)
road accidents. 8. Slow and steady (win) the race. 9. The headmaster and secretary____ (be) present
today. 10. The headmaster and the secretary (be) present today. 11. English ____ (speak) around the world

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by people. 12. The bar ____ (close) every day at 9 am. 13. Dishes ____(clear) every day by Rahul. 14.
Wrestling ____ (teach) by Jon at my school. 15. Newspaper ____ (consider) the people's parliament. 16.
Students ____ (ask) for reading newspaper daily. 17. In fact, cricket ____ (call) the gentlemen's game. 18.
A sense of brotherhood and fraternity ____ (create) among the playing nations through it.
19. Cricket ____ (arrange) between two teams containing eleven players each.

Present Continuous Tense

 য় জ , , |
 Now, at this moment, at this time, day by day, currently, at present
 evsjv wµqvi †k‡l - (†ZwQ, শতর া, †Z‡Q, †Z‡Qb: Kwi‡ZwQ, cwo‡ZwQ, covw”Q)|
Structure :
Active : sub + am/is/are + verb + ing Passive : sub + am/is/are + being + V3
(a) Now, we ––––– (learn) English.
(b) Now, English ––––– (learn)
(c) I ____ (read) this book at this moment.
(d) By reading newspaper they will know what ____ (happen) in the world.
(e) Our government ____ (try) heart and soul to solve illiteracy problem.

Present Perfect Tense

 য় জ , , য় Present perfect tense য়।
 KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ KLb m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q Zvi D‡jøL _vK‡e bv|
 just, just now, recently, lately, presently (m¤úªwZ) already, yet (GLb), ever (KLbI), so far থাকর঱।
 evsjv wµqvi †k‡l (c‡o‡Q, c‡owQ, wM‡q‡Q, wM‡qwQ, †L‡qwQ, য় ) Gi g‡Zv D”PviY n‡j|
Structure:
Active : Sub + have/has + V3 Passive : Sub + have/has + been + V3
Examples:
(a) Already, he ––––– (buy) a smart phone. (b) The car ––––– (repair) recently. (c) Child labour –––––
(forbid) internationally by the UN. (d) You ever ––––– (be) to Khulna? (e) The English played it here
in this subcontinent and since then it ––––– (become) an integral part of our entertainment. (f) They
already ––––– (show) their performance in several matches. (g) A month-long tree fair ––––– (begin)
in Kurigram stadium recently. (h) Recently it ––––– (rise) to an alarming rate taking a heavy toll of
human lives. (i) The problem _____ (solve) by him. (j) They already - (pass) the SSC examination. (k)
We just - (reach) the college. (l) You - (see) her lately? (m) Recently, road accidents - (rise) to an
alarming rate. (n) They already - (show) their performance in several matches.
Past Indefinite Tense

 জ , য় Past indefinite tense য়।

 Yesterday, ago, long ago, once, once upon a time, long since, last day/month/year/ previous
day/month/ year.
 evsjv wµqvi †k‡l (K‡iwQj, wM‡qwQ‡jb, wQj/wQ‡jb) Gi g‡Zv D”PviY n‡j।
Structure :
Active Voice: (i) Affirmative: Sub + V2 Passive voice : Sub + was/ were + V3
(ii) Negative : Sub + did not + V0

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 Md. Tarequl Islam, Lecturer (English), BAF Shaheen College Bogura, Cell Number: 01641029424, 01928290540

Examples
(a) On 26 March, 1971, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman _____ (declare) the independence of
Bangladesh. (b) Our liberation war _____ (continue) for about nine months. (c) I always _____(go) to
sleep with a light on. (d) The English _____ (play) it here in this subcontinent and since then it has
become an integral part of our entertainment. (e) A poor man once _____ (put) in a jail, although he
did no wrong. (f) Once there_____ (live) an idle king. (g) When I ____(be) a child I was afraid of the
dark, and I went to sleep with a light on. (h) So I _____ (make) up my mind to take a journey by train
from Dhaka to Chittagong. (i) He_____ (lose) his parents in his infancy. (j) In the last autumn vacation
I_____ (get) sufficient time. (k) I also stood in the line and _____(buy) a second class ticket. (l) He
_____(commit) a crime killing a sea bird called Albatross. (m) Suddenly she_____ (wake) up and felt
thirsty. (n) Many events of great importance _____(take) place during the last century. (o) A poor
man was once put in a jail, although he _____(do) did no wrong. (p) In a shop there, wild
birds_____(keep) were kept in cages for sale. (q) The fair_____ (inaugurate) yesterday by the DC of
Kurigram. (r) I _____ (call) him yesterday. (t) Once a case _____(file) against me.

Past Continuous Tense

 জ , Past continuous tense য়।

 evsjv wµqvi †k‡l - (†ZwQ , †ZwQ‡ b, Kwi‡ZwQ , cwo‡ZwQ , covw”Q ) Gi g‡Zv D”PviY n‡j|
Structure :


Active : Subject + was/were + verb + ing Passive : Subject + was/were + being + V3

Examples
(a)Rickshaw, motor cars and other vehicles were coming to the station with passengers.
(b) Coolies were running behind them.
(c) The work was being done by the authority.

Past Perfect Tense

 AZx‡Zi `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU Zzjbvg~jK Av‡M m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q Zv Past perfect tense Ges †h KvRwU c‡i N‡UwQj Zv
Past Tndefinite Tense|
Structure:
Active : Subject + had + V3 Passive : Subject + had been+ V3
before  Av‡M/c~‡e©, after  c‡i
(i) Past Perfect + before + past Indefinite.
(ii) Past indefinite + after + Past Perfect

1. Avwg UvKv cvIqvi ci MvwowU wK‡bwQjvg| I bought the car after I had go the money.
Past Perfect after Past Indefinite

Future Indefinite Tense

 ভ জ , Future indefinite tense য়।
 "Later", "next day", "next time", "tomorrow” Future Indefinite
Tense ।
Active : Subject + shall/ will + V0 Passive : Subject + shall be / will be + V3

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 Md. Tarequl Islam, Lecturer (English), BAF Shaheen College Bogura, Cell Number: 01641029424, 01928290540

Examples
(a) I shall teach you a good lesson.
(b) The people of this country will realize their needs one day.

Future Continuous Tense

 ভ জ , Future Continuous tense য়।

Structure:
Active : Subject + shall be/ will be + Verb + ing Passive : Subject + shall be/ will be + Verb + being V3
(a) Examples I shall be thinking about it.
(b) They will be reading the novel at that time.
Rule 17 t
Relative Pronoun
‡h Pronoun c~e©eZx© †Kv‡bv noun ev Pronoun ‡K eySvq Ges D³ noun ev Pronoun ‡K ev‡K¨i evwK As‡ki mv‡_
m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i †`q Zv‡K Relative Pronoun e‡j| Who, Whom, Whose, Which, that

(a) I know the man who has solved the problem. (a) It is I who (be) responsible for this.
Antecedent R.P.
(b) It was you who- (be) to blame.
(b) I know the men who have solved the problem. (c) He is one of those who (do) not smoke.
(d) I bought a pen that was black.
(c) It is I who am your teacher. (e) I bought some pens which were black.
Ans. (a) am; (b) are/were; (c) do; (d)
(d) It is you who are my students.
was; (e) were

(i) Who (‡K/ †h/ hviv Kviv) t e¨w³i cwie‡Z©) (iii) Whose (hviv/hv‡`i) t mevi †ÿ‡Î)
(ii) Whom (hv‡K/hv‡`i‡K) t e¨w³i cwie‡Z©) (iv) Which/that (‡hUv/‡h¸‡jv) t e¯‘/cÖvYxi cwie‡Z©)

Subjective From Objective Form Possessive Form

Who(e¨w³i cwie‡Z) whom whose
which/that (e¯‘/cÖvYxi cwie‡Z©) which/that whose
(a) The great men are those who ___ (work) ceaselessly to quicken the pace of civilization. (b) The
people who really___ (help) civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. (c) Most often
people who ___ (appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history are great conquerers
and generals. (d) Whereas, the people who really___ (help) civilization forward are often never
mentioned at all. (e) On the contrary, the condemned men are those who ___ (cause) bloodshed and
violence in the world. (f) Idle persons who ___ (kill) their time are burdens of society. (g) We shall
lead a healthy and prosperous life only when we shall follow the routine which we ___ (make) for our
guidance. (h) Just inside the outer walls, there is an open corridor from which the visitors ___ (look)
through carved marble screens into a central room. (i) This fire emits smoke which ___ (contaminate)
air. (j) Whereas, the people who really help civilization forward are often never (mention) at all. (k)
And I think that most people believe that the greatest countries are those that ___ (beat) in the battle
the greatest number of countries and ruled over them as conquerors. (l) But the man who will not give
up the wrong ___ (suffer) surely. (m) We do not know who first ___ (set) a broken leg, or launched a
sea worthy boat or calculated the length of a year. (n) It was also addressed by other speakers who
____ (emphasize) the need for planting more trees. (o) A man who ___ (not read) the newspaper daily
is like a creature of the narrow well. (p) People who appear most often and most gloriously in the

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Md. Tarequl Islam, Lecturer (English), BAF Shaheen College Bogura, Cell Number: 01641029424, 01928290540

pages of history ___(be) great conquerors and generals. (q) On the contrary, the condemned men are
those who ___(cause) bloodshed and violence in the world. (r) There are also certain jobs which
___(require) a good functional knowledge of English. (s) This fire emits smoke which
___(contaminate) air.

Rule 18t Conditional Sentence

(i) First Conditional sentence- ভটব঳েত ঴ময় শবাঝার঱।
Structure:
If + Present Indefinite, Subject + [will/may/can/must/shall] + V0 / be + V3
Exercise:
(a) If we read more, we - (learn) more.
(b) If you don't work hard, you - (fail)
(c) If it rains, I- (not go) out.
(d) If all the children in Bangladesh - (go) to school, the country will get rid of the curse of illiteracy.
(e) If we -(waste) our time in idleness, all sorts of evil thought will crowd our brain.

(ii) Second Conditional sentence

Structure:
If + Past Indefinite, Subject + [would/could/might] + V0 / be + V3

Exercise:
(a) If we studied well, we - (pass). (c) If I were rich, I - (help) the poor.
(b) If you worked hard, you - (not fail). (d) If I had a lot of money, I- (help) the poor.

If + subject + were য় sentence Clause- Subject + [would/could/might] + V0 য়।

(a) If I were a bird, I could fly. (b) If I were you, I would help the poor.
(iii) Third Conditional sentence
Structure:
If + Past Perfect, Subject + [would/could/might+ have] + V3 / be + V3
Exercixe:
(a) If you had walked faster, you - (not miss) (c) Had I been a king, I - (help) the poor.
the train. (d) Had I possessed vast property, I - (set) up a
(b) If I had been a bird, I - (fly) in the sky. college.

Rule-19: Being, been, get, having, to be Verb past participle form ।

Exercise
(a) Being- (displease), he left the place.
(b) The boy went to play cricket having -(learn) his lessons.
(c) The principal wanted the notice to be - (hang).

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