7

Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Illustrating and Calculating
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Illustrating and Calculating Measures of Central Tendency of
Ungrouped and Grouped data
First Edition, 2021

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 7
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Illustrating and Calculating
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you in your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
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If you have any questions on using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed to help you learn the concepts on measures of central
tendency. It also provides activities on solving mean, median, and mode.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 illustrate the measures of central tendency; and
 calculate the measures of central tendency of ungrouped and
grouped data.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is a single, central value that summarizes a set of numerical data.

a. center c. measures of central tendency
b. measurement d. middle

2. It is commonly called as average.

a. mean b. median c. mode d. a and b

3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the measures of central tendency?
a. mean b. median c. midpoint d. mode

4. It is the middle number of the set of data when the data are arranged in numerical order.
a. mean b. median c. mode d. all of the choices

5. Find the median of these scores: 9, 8, 9, 10, 15, 12, 10.

a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 12

6. It is the number that occurs most frequently in the data.

a. mean b. median c. mode d. all of the choices

7. The mode of the data 11, 12, 14, 9, 11, 15 is ______.

a. 9 b. 11 c. 12 d. 14

8. Is it possible for a set of data to have 2 modes?

a. yes b. no c. maybe d. I don’t know

1
9. Consider these scores: 2, 3, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. Determine the 10th score if the mean is 7.3.
a. 13 b. 14 c. 15 d. 16

10. Consider these scores: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. What is the 10th score if the mode is 6?
a. 6 b. 7 c. 11 d. 12

For numbers 11-15 please refer to the table below.

Class Interval f X fX
22-24 6 23 138
19-21 8 20 160
16-18 15 17 255
13-15 12 14 168
10-12 4 11 44

11. What is the ∑ 𝑓 ?

a. 44 b. 45 c. 46 d. 47

12. What is the ∑ 𝑓𝑋?

a. 85 b. 765 c. 850 d. 65 025

13. What is the mean score of the data?

a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18

14. Which of the following class intervals contains the median?

a. 10-12 b. 13-15 c. 16-18 d. 19-21

15. What is the frequency of the modal class?

a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 15

2
 What’s In
Mang Ambo’s Monthly Electricity Consumption Chart for The Year 2020

Use the graph to answer the following questions:

1. What kind of graph is used in showing the kWh?
2. Which month/s consumes the highest kilowatt?
3. Which month/s consumes the lowest kilowatt?
4. What kWh is mostly consumed based on the graph?
5. What is Mang Ambo’s average electricity consumption in the year 2020?

What’s New

Directions: Find the center of the numbers given inside the kite and connect the answer on
the stick below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2. 3. 6, 8 4. 5.
21, 25 10, 12
16, 20 30, 32

18 23

31 11
7

Answer the following questions:

1. How do you find the center of the given data?
2. What describes the middle or center of the data?

3
 What is It

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of central tendency refer to measures, which describes the middle or the
center of the data. The most commonly used measures of central tendency are the mean, the
median, and the mode.

The arithmetic mean or simply the mean is the sum of all the given values or items in
a distribution divided by the number of observations. It is commonly called as the average
and is denoted by 𝑋̅ (read as “X - bar”).

The median is the value or score that divides the ranked distribution into two equal
parts. It is symbolized as Md or 𝑋̃ (read as “X - tilde”).

The mode is the value or item in a distribution with the highest frequency, denoted by
̂
Mo or 𝑋 (read as “X - hat”).

Computation of Measures of Central Tendency for Ungrouped Data

Mean

For the ungrouped data, the mean can be solved by getting the sum of the data divided
by the total number of data or

mean = sum of data

number of data
∑𝑥
In symbols: 𝑋̅ =
𝑛

where:
𝑋̅ – mean
x – stands for the value of each item,
n – is the total number in the distribution, and
∑ – summation

Example 1: Find the mean of 76, 80, 76, 81, 85, 79, 84, and 83.
Solution:
∑𝑥
𝑋̅ =
𝑛
76+80+76+81+85+79+84+83
𝑋̅ =
8
644
𝑋̅ = 8
𝑋̅ = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟓

4
Example 2: The daily wages of 5 employees are shown in the table below. Find their mean
daily wage.

Name Juan Pedro Maria Rosa Mateo

Daily wage Php 700 Php 450 Php 400 Php 500 Php 550

Solution:
∑𝑥
𝑋̅ =
𝑛
700+450+400+500+550
𝑋̅ =
5
2600
𝑋̅ =
5
𝑋̅ = 𝟓𝟐𝟎 So, the mean daily wage is Php 520.

Example 3: John’s grades in the three quarters are 80, 85, and 84. What must be his grade
in the fourth quarter to have an average of 85 in the final rating?

Solution: Let x be his grade in the fourth quarter.

Sum of the four scores = mean x 4

= 85 x 4
= 340

So, 80 + 85 + 84 + x = 340
249 + x = 340
249 – 249 + x = 340 – 249
x = 91
John needs a grade of 91 in the fourth quarter.

Median

To get the median for ungrouped data, simply follow these steps:
1. Arrange first the data from highest to lowest or vice versa.
2. Get the median position of the data by using the following formula:
𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ
a. ( ) position, for odd number of data
2
𝑛 𝑛 𝑡ℎ
b. ( , + 1) position, for even number of data
2 2
where n is the number of data
3. If the number of data is odd, the number that falls in the median position is the
median
4. If the number of data is even, add the numbers that fall in the median position and
divide it by two to get the median.

In other words, you can find the median for ungrouped data by arranging the data from
highest to lowest or vice versa. If there is an odd number of observations, the middle value is
the median. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the sum of the middle
two scores divided by 2 or the mean of the two middle scores.

5
Example 1: Find the median of the following scores: 10, 20, 50, 30, 70, 60, 100, 80, and 40.
Solution:
Step 1. Arrange first the data in increasing or decreasing order.
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100
Step 2. Find the median position. Since the number of data is odd number and
𝑛+1
there are 9, use the formula .
2
𝑛+1 9+1 10
That is = = = 5 or 5th position
2 2 2
Step 3. To get the median, find the number in the 5th position starting from the
first data or from the last data, and that is 50, so the median is 50.
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100

Example 2: Find the median of the following scores: 3, 8, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 15, 14, and 12.

Solution:
Step 1. Arrange first the data in increasing or decreasing order.
3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 14, 15, 16
Step 2. Find the median position. Since the number of data is even number and
𝑛 𝑛
there are 10, use the formula , + 1.
2 2
10 10
That is , +1
2 2
5, 5 + 1
5, 6 or 5th and 6th position.
Step 3. To find the median, add the numbers in the 5th and 6th position in the
given data and divide it by 2.
3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 14, 15, 16
𝑀𝑑 = 5th + 6th = 11 + 12 = 23 = 11.5
2 2 2
Therefore, the median is 11.5.

Example 3: Find the median of the data below.

Daily Wage Php 200 Php 250 Php 300 Php 350 Php 400
Number of Workers 2 3 5 11 4

Solution:
Step 1. Arrange first the data in increasing or decreasing order. Given the table,
the data (daily wage) were already arranged in increasing order.
Step 2. Find the median position. Since the number of workers is odd number
𝑛+1
and there are 25, use the formula .
2
𝑛+1 25+1 26
That is = = = 13 or 13th position
2 2 2
Step 3. The 13th position is in 11 if you add the data (number of workers) from
left to right or right to left. This is where the median lies.
Step 4. The daily wage that corresponds to 11 is Php 350, so the median is
Php 350.

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Mode
In a distribution, the element or measure which is repeated the most number of times
is the mode. When the highest frequency corresponds to two elements or two measures, the
distribution is said to be bimodal. When the distribution has more than two modes, it is said to
be multimodal. It is also possible that a mode may not exist at all.

Example 1: 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7
𝑀𝑜 = 4, since 4 occurs 3 times, the distribution is unimodal

Example 2: 39, 39, 12, 18, 27, 13, 44, 44, 45

𝑀𝑜 = 39 and 44, the distribution is bimodal

Example 3: 5, 8, 24, 24, 17, 17, 36, 22, 36, 21

𝑀𝑜 = 17, 24, and 36, the distribution is multimodal

Example 4: 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
𝑀𝑜 = does not exist, since all the frequencies are equal

Computation of Measures of Central Tendency for Grouped Data

Mean

For grouped data, the mean is computed by the formula,

∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑋̅ =
𝑁

where:
𝑋̅ – is the mean
f– the corresponding frequency
X– stands for the class mark or midpoint
N– is the total frequencies
∑– summation

Example:
Consider the frequency distribution table below. Compute for the mean.
Class Interval Frequency Class Marks fX
LL - UL f X
38 – 44 3 41 123
31 - 37 8 34 272
24 - 30 10 27 270
17 - 23 6 20 120
10 - 16 3 13 39

∑ 𝑓 = 30 or N = 30 ∑ 𝑓𝑋 = 824

7
To compute the mean, the following steps are involved:
Step 1. Find ∑ 𝑓 or N by getting the sum of all the frequencies (f).
Step 2. Get the class mark of each class interval by adding the lower limit (LL) and upper limit
(UL) divided by 2.
Step 3. Multiply the class mark by its corresponding frequency to obtain the fX.
Step 4. Find the ∑ 𝑓𝑋 by adding the fX.
Step 5. Substitute the values in the formula.
Solution:
∑ 𝑓𝑋
𝑋̅ =
𝑁
824
𝑋̅ =
30
̅
𝑋 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟕

Median

For grouped data presented in a frequency distribution, the formula used for the
median is:
𝑁
−𝐹𝑏
𝑀𝑑 = 𝐿 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑚

where:
Md – is the median
L - is the true lower boundary of the median class (lower limit of the
median class minus 0.5)
N - is the size of the distribution
𝐹𝑏 - is the cumulative frequency below median class
fm - is the frequency of the median class
i - is the class size

Example: Compute the median of the data from the table below.

Class Interval Frequency Less than cumulative frequency

LL – UL f <𝐹
30 – 34 3 34

25 – 29 6 31

20 – 24 15 fm 25

15 – 19 8 10 𝐹𝑏

10 – 14 2 2
i=5 N = 34

8
Steps in Calculating the Median
Step 1. Find N, the total frequencies.
Step 2. Compute the less than cumulative frequency <F. (Get the sum of the frequencies
starting from the frequency of the lowest class interval.)
𝑁 34
Step 3. Solve for . In the example, N = 34 and is 17. The 17th item is in 25 in the less
2 2
cumulative frequency. This is where the median lies and across 25 is the median class.
The median class is 20 – 24, because it is the class interval which contains the 17 th
item.
Step 4. Get 𝐹𝑏 of the class which is the less than cumulative frequency below the median
class. This is the sum of all the frequencies below the median class. In the example, it
is 10.
Step 5. Determine fm or the frequency of the median class, which is 15.
Step 6. Determine the class size (i), which is 5. (Class size is the difference between two
consecutive upper or lower class limits.)
Step 7. Substitute all the needed values in the formula.

The median is computed as follows:

𝑁
−𝐹𝑏
𝑀𝑑 = 𝐿 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑚
34
−10
𝑀𝑑 = 19.5 + ( 2 )5
15
17−10
𝑀𝑑 = 19.5 + ( )5
15
7
𝑀𝑑 = 19.5 + ( )5
15
35
𝑀𝑑 = 19.5 +
15
𝑀𝑑 = 19.5 + 2.33
𝑀𝑑 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟑

Mode

In the computation of the mode of grouped data, the first step is get the modal class.
The modal class is the class interval with the highest frequency. To compute for the mode,
the formula is:
𝑑1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝐿 + ( )𝑖
𝑑1 +𝑑2
where:
𝑀𝑜 – is the mode
𝐿 – is the lower class boundary of the modal class.
𝑑1 – is the difference between the frequency of the modal class and that
of the immediately preceding lower class
𝑑2 – is the difference between the frequency of the modal class and
that of the immediately following higher class
i – is the class size

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Example: Compute the mode for the distribution below:

Class Interval Frequency

20 – 22 3
17 – 19 4
14 – 16 3
11 - 13 modal class 8
8 – 10 5
5–7 2
i=3 N = 25

The mode is computed as follows:

𝑑1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝐿 + ( )𝑖
𝑑1 +𝑑2
8−5
𝑀𝑜 = 10.5 + ((8−5)+(8−3)) 3
3
𝑀𝑜 = 10.5 + ( )3
3+5
3
𝑀𝑜 = 10.5 + ( ) 3
8
9
𝑀𝑜 = 10.5 + ( )
8

𝑀𝑜 = 10.5 + 1.125
𝑀𝑜 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟐𝟓

What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Directions: Find the mean, median, and mode for each set of data. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1.) 3, 3, 4, 5, and 7

Mean: Median: Mode:

2.) 2, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 8

Mean: Median: Mode:

3.) 10, 13, 14, 15, and 19

Mean: Median: Mode:

4.) 33, 35, 36, 38, and 38

Mean: Median: Mode:

5.) 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, and 82

Mean: Median: Mode:

10
Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write only the letters of the correct answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B

1. Find the mean of A. 7

6, 7, 9, and 10.

2. Find the median of B. 80

5, 6, 7, 7, 8, and 9.

3. What is the mode of C. 20

80, 80, 90, 85, and 86?

4. What is the mean of D. 8

80, 81, 85, 83, 88, and 87?

5. The median of the data 10, E. 84

15, 30, 25, and 20 is ___.

Independent Activity 2
Directions: The table below shows the number of face shields sold by Aling Nena via
online selling in the month of December. Find the mean, median, and
mode of items sold for the month. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Days Number of
(Class Items X fX <F
Interval) (f)
26-30 9 28 252 60
21-25 10 23 230 51
16-20 15 18 270 41
11-15 7 13 91 26
6-10 8 8 64 19
1-5 11 3 33 11

11
Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Complete the frequency distribution table below and solve for the mean,
median, and mode from the given score brackets of students’ Long Test in
Mathematics. Show your solution. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Grades Number of Students X fX <F

(f)

95-99 1

90-94 12

85-89 15

80-84 19

75-79 17

70-74 6

Independent Activity 3
Directions: Find the mean, median, and mode based from the given table below. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Student # Shoe Size

A 6
B 10
C 9
D 8
E 8
F 6
G 12
H 14
I 9
J 8

A. Mean: add all the shoe sizes and divide by the total number of students.

Sum of all shoe sizes

Total number of students = =

12
B. Median: write all shoe sizes in order from least to greatest and find the middle shoe
size.

If there are two middle shoe sizes, add those two sizes and divide by 2

+
2 =

C. Mode: find the shoe size that occurs the most.

Independent Assessment 3
Directions: The monthly income of the families of 7 - SSC students are shown in the
table below. Solve for the mean, median, and mode. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Income in
Frequency
Pesos

12,000-12,999 5

11,000-11,999 6

10,000-10,999 14

9,000-9,999 8

8,000-8,999 2

13
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

In this module, I learned that (1) _________ refers to

measures, which describes the middle or the center of the data.
(2) _________, (3) _________, and (4) _________ are the
measures of central tendency. Mean is
commonly called as (5) _________. (6) _________ is the
value of the middle observation in the ordered distribution.
Mode is the value with the (7) _________ frequency. The
formulas in finding the mean, median, and mode of grouped
data are (8) _________, (9) _________, (10) _________,
respectively.

What I Can Do

A. Directions: Find the mean, median, and mode of the given data below. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

Number of Siblings

Elise

Paul

Marga

Patrick

Byron

14
B. Directions: The table below shows the time spent of 100 Grade 7 students surfing the
internet each day. Find the average number of minutes a grade 7 student
spends surfing the Internet each day. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

Time Spent
Frequency
(in minutes)

160-180 14

130-150 18

100-120 30

70-90 24

40-60 10

10-30 4

Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is a single, central value that summarizes a set of numerical data.

a. center c. middle
b. measurement d. measures of central tendency

2. It is commonly called as average.

a. mean b. median c. mode d. a and b

3. Find the median of these scores: 7, 8, 10, 10, 11, 13, 17.
a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 10

4. Which of the following does not belong to the measures of central tendency?
a. mean b. median c. midpoint d. mode

5. It is the middle number of the set of data when the data are arranged in numerical order.
a. mean b. median c. mode d. all of the choices

6. The ______ is that number that occurs most frequently in the data.
a. mean b. median c. mode d. all of the choices

15
7. The mode of the data 11, 14, 19, 21, 25, 25, and 29 is ______.
a. 11 b. 14 c. 21 d. 25
8. Is it possible for a set of data to have no mode?
a. yes b. no c. maybe d. I don’t know
9. Consider these scores: 7, 9, 13, 17, 19, 22. Determine the 7th score if the mean is 16.
a. 13 b. 16 c. 25 d. 26
10. Refer on the data given in number 9. What is the 7th score if the mode is 7?
a. 7 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12

For numbers 11-15 please refer to the table below.

Class Interval f X fX
22-24 4 23 92
19-21 7 20 140
16-18 13 17 221
13-15 6 14 84
10-12 5 11 55

11. What is the ∑ 𝑓?

a. 30 b. 35 c. 40 d. 45

12. What is the ∑ 𝑓𝑋?

a. 382 b. 492 c. 592 d. 682

13. What is the mean score of the data?

a. 15.61 b. 16.91 c. 17.81 d. 18.71

14. Which of the following class intervals contains the median class?
a. 10-12 b. 13-15 c. 16-18 d. 19-21

15. What is the frequency of the modal class?

a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 13

16
 Additional Activities

Directions: The table shows the number of birds at ten different zoos. Find the mean
median and mode of the data. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Zoo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Number of birds 13 16 18 18 25 28 30 34 36 42

17
 18
What I Know Independent Assessment 2
1. C 6. C 11. B
2. A 7. B 12. B
3. C 8. A 13. C Grades X fX <F
f
4. B 9. D 14. C
5. C 10. A 15. D
95-99 1 97 97 70
What’s In
90-94 12 92 1104 69
1. Bar Graph
2. April 85-89 15 87 1305 57
3. Sept and Dec
4. 150 kWh 80-84 19 82 1558 42
5. 137.5 kWh
75-79 17 77 1309 23
What’s New 70-74 6 72 432 6
1. 18 i = 5 N = 70 ∑fX= 5805
2. 31
Solution:
3. 7
4. 23
5. 11
Guided Questions:
1. Answer may vary
2. Measures of central tendency
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Independent Activity 3
Solution:
A. 6 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 8 + 6 + 12 + 14 + 9 + 8
10
𝑋̅ = 9
Independent Assessment 1 B.
1. D
2. A 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 12 14
3. B
4. E Md = 8 + 9 = 8.5
5. C 2
Independent Activity 2 C. Mo = 8
Mean = 15.67
Median = 16.83
Mode = 18.58
Answer Key
 19
Independent Assessment 3 What I Can Do
A. Mean
1 + 2 + 1 + 4 + 1 = 1.8
5
B. Median
1 1 1 2 4 = 1
C. Mode = 1
B.
Assessment
1. D 6. C 11. B
2. A 7. D 12. C
3. D 8. A 13. B
4. C 9. C 14. C
5. B 10. A 15. D
What I Have Learned
1. measures of central tendency
Additional Activity
2. mean 𝑋̅= 28+36+18+25+13+18+42+34+16+30 = 26
3. median 10
4. mode
Md = 13 16 18 18 25 28 30 34 36 42
5. Average
6. median = 25 + 28 = 26.5
2
7. highest
Mo = 18
8.
9.
10.
Answer Key
 References

A. Books

Bernabe, Julieta G., Integrated Mathematics II; JTW Coporation, 2000

Carter, John A., Cuevas, Gilbert J., et. al., Math Connects Philippine Adaptation 7;
C& E Publishing, Inc., 2014

Mangaran, Armele Joseph.. Statistics (STAT): Mc Arthur Highway, Ilang-Ilang,

Guiguinto, Bulacan: Guiguinto Printing

Nievera, Gladys C..Grade 7 Mathematics: Pattern and Practicalities. Philippines:

Selesiana Books by Don Bosco Press,Inc. 2012.

Oronce, Orlando A..Mendoza, Marilyn O.. Worktext in Mathematics: E - Math 7 Third

Edition. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store. 2012.

B. Electronic Sources

https://web.csulb.edu/~lhenriqu/UseYourShoe.pdf

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: [email protected]

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