ASSIGNMENT

SUBJECT: IOQM Topic: Basic of Algebra

READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. Questions 1 to 10 carry 2 marks each; Questions 11 to 20 carry 3 marks each;
Questions 21 and 30 carry 5 marks each.
2. There are no negative marks.
3. Use of mobile phones, smartphones, ipads, calculators, programmable wrist watches is
STRICTLY PROHIBITED. Only ordinary pens and pencils are allowed inside the examination hall.
4. The correction is done by machines through scanning. On the OMR Sheet, darken bubbles
completely with a black pencil or a black or blue ball pen. Darken the bubbles completely only
after you are sure of your answer; else, erasing may lead to the OMR sheet getting damaged
and the machine may not be able to read the answer.
5. The name, email address, and date of birth entered on the OMR sheet will be your login
credentials for accessing your PRMO score.
6. Incomplete/Incorrectly and carelessly filled information may disqualify your candidature.
7. Each question has a one, two or three digit number as answer.

1. Evaluate the product ( 5+ 6+ 7 )( 5+ 6− 7 )( 5− 6+ 7 )( − )

5+ 6+ 7 .

2. Find the value of (52 + 6 43)3/2 − (52 − 6 43)3/2 .

3. A 100 foot long moving walkway moves at a constant rate of 6 feet per second. Al steps onto the
start of the walkway and stands. Bob steps onto the start of the walkway two seconds later and
strolls forward along the walkway at a constant rate of 4 feet per second. Two seconds after that,
Cy reaches the start of the walkway and walks briskly forward beside the walkway at a constant
rate of 8 feet per second. At a certain time, one of these three persons is exactly halfway between
the other two. At that time, find the distance in feet between the start of the walkway and the
middle person.

4. Rudolph bikes at a constant rate and stops for a five-minute break at the end of every mile.
Jennifer bikes at a constant rate which is three-quarters the rate that Rudolph bikes, but Jennifer
takes a five-minute break at the end of every two miles. Jennifer and Rudolph begin biking at the
same time and arrive at the 50-mile mark at exactly the same time. How many minutes has it
taken them?

5. Jar A contains four liters of a solution that is 45% acid. Jar B contains five liters of a solution that
m
is 48% acid. Jar C contains one liter of a solution that is k% acid. From jar C, liters of the
n
solution is added to jar A, and the remainder of the solution in jar C is added to jar B. At the end
both jar A and jar B contain solutions that are 50% acid. Given that m and n are relatively prime
positive integers, find k + m + n.
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6. The AIME Triathlon consists of a half-mile swim, a 30-mile bicycle ride, and an eight-mile run.
Tom swims, bicycles, and runs at constant rates. He runs fives times as fast as he swims, and he
bicycles twice as fast as he runs. Tom completes the AIME Triathlon in four and a quarter hours.
How many minutes does he spend bicycling?

7. Suppose that the measurement of time during the day is converted to the metric system so that
each day has 10 metric hours, and each metric hour has 100 metric minutes. Digital clocks would
then be produced that would read 9 : 99 just before midnight, 0 : 00 at midnight, 1 : 25 at the
former 3 : 00 AM, and 7 : 50 at the former 6 : 00 PM. After the conversion, a person who wanted
to wake up at the equivalent of the former 6 : 36 AM would set his new digital alarm clock for A :
BC, where A, B, and C are digits. Find 100A + 10B + C.

8. A biologist wants to calculate the number of fish in a lake. On May 1 she catches a random sample
of 60 fish, tags them, and releases them. On September 1 she catches a random sample of 70 fish
and finds that 3 of them are tagged. To calculate the number of fish in the lake on May 1, she
assumes that 25% of these fish are no longer in the lake on September 1 (because of death and
emigrations), that 40% of the fish were not in the lake May 1 (because of births and immigrations),
and that the number of untagged fish and tagged fish in the September 1 sample are representative
of the total population. What does the biologist calculate for the number of fish in the lake on
May 1?

9. Ed and Sue bike at equal and constant rates. Similarly, they jog at equal and constant rates, and
they swim at equal and constant rates. Ed covers 74 kilometers after biking for 2 hours, jogging
for 3 hours, and swimming for 4 hours, while Sue covers 91 kilometers after jogging for 2 hours,
swimming for 3 hours, and biking for 4 hours. Their biking, jogging, and swimming rates are all
whole numbers of kilometers per hour. Find the sum of the squares of Ed's biking, jogging, and
swimming rates.

10. Assume that x1, x2, …, x7 are real numbers such that
x1 + 4x2 + 9x3 + 16x4 + 25x5 + 36x6 + 49x7 = 1,
4x1 + 9x2 + 16x3 + 25x4 + 36x5 + 49x6 + 64x7 = 12,
9x1 + 16x2 + 25x3 + 36x4 + 49x5 + 64x6 + 81x7 = 123.
Find the value of 16x1 + 25x2 + 36x3 + 49x4 + 64x5 + 81x6 + 100x7.

11. In order to complete a large job, 1000 workers were hired, just enough to complete the job on
schedule. All the workers stayed on the job while the first quarter of the work was done, so the
first quarter of the work was completed on schedule. Then 100 workers were laid off, so the
second quarter of the work was completed behind schedule. Then an additional 100 workers were
laid off, so the third quarter of the work was completed still further behind schedule. Given that
all workers work at the same rate, what is the minimum number of additional workers, beyond
the 800 workers still on the job at the end of the third quarter, that must be hired after three-
quarters of the work has been completed so that the entire project can be completed on schedule
or before?

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12. A large candle is 119 centimeters tall. It is designed to burn down more quickly when it is first lit
and more slowly as it approaches its bottom. Specifically, the candle takes 10 seconds to burn
down the first centimeter from the top, 20 seconds to burn down the second centimeter,
and 10k seconds to burn down the k-th centimeter. Suppose it takes T seconds for the candle to
T
burn down completely. Then seconds after it is lit, the candle's height in centimeters will be h.
2
Find 10h.

13. Suppose that x, y and z are three positive numbers that satisfy the equations,
1 1 1 m
xyz = 1, x + = 5 and y+ = 29 . Then z + = , where m and n are relatively prime positive
z x y n
integers. Find m + n.
note: this is the type of problem that makes you think symmetry, but actually can be solved easily
with substitution, and other normal technniques.

14. At each of the sixteen circles in the network below stands a student. A total of 3360 coins are
distributed among the sixteen students. All at once, all students give away all their coins by passing
an equal number of coins to each of their neighbors in the network. After the trade, all students
have the same number of coins as they started with. Find the number of coins the student standing
at the center circle had originally.

15. Let P0(x) = x3 + 313x2 – 77x – 8. For integers n  1, define Pn(x) = Pn–1(x – n). What is the coefficient
of x in P20(x)?

16. Let P(x) be a polynomial with integer coefficients that satisfies P(17) = 10 and P(24) = 17. Given that
P(n) = n + 3 has two distinct integer solutions n1 and n2, find the product n1 . n2.

17. Let f(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients such that f(0) = 1, f(2) + f(3) = 125, and for all x,
f(x)f(2x2) = f(2x3 + x). Find f(5).

4
18. Let x = Find (x + 1)48.
( 5+1 )( 4
)(
5+1 8
5+1 )( 16
)
5+1

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19. Alpha and Beta both took part in a two-day problem-solving competition. At the end of the second
day, each had attempted questions worth a total of 500 points. Alpha scored 160 points out of
300 points attempted on the first day, and scored 140 points out of 200 points attempted on the
second day. Beta who did not attempt 300 points on the first day, had a positive integer score on
each of the two days, and Beta's daily success rate (points scored divided by points attempted)
on each day was less than Alpha's on that day. Alpha's two-day success ratio was 300/500 = 3/5.
The largest possible two-day success ratio that Beta could achieve is m/n, where m and n are
relatively prime positive integers. What is m + n?

20. Three clever monkeys divide a pile of bananas. The first monkey takes some bananas from the
pile, keeps three-fourths of them, and divides the rest equally between the other two. The second
monkey takes some bananas from the pile, keeps one-fourth of them, and divides the rest equally
between the other two. The third monkey takes the remaining bananas from the pile, keeps one-
twelfth of them, and divides the rest equally between the other two. Given that each monkey
receives a whole number of bananas whenever the bananas are divided, and the numbers of
bananas the first, second, and third monkeys have at the end of the process are in the ratio
3 : 2 : 1what is the least possible total for the number of bananas?

21. Assume that a, b, c, and d are positive integers such that a5 = b4, c3 = d2, and c – a = 19. Determine
d – b.

22. How many of the integers between 1 and 1000, inclusive, can be expressed as the difference of
the squares of two nonnegative integers?

23. Sarah intended to multiply a two-digit number and a three-digit number, but she left out the
multiplication sign and simply placed the two-digit number to the left of the three-digit number,
thereby forming a five-digit number. This number is exactly nine times the product Sarah should
have obtained. What is the sum of the two-digit number and the three-digit number?

24. Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integer solutions (m, n) to the equation 20m + 12n =
2012.

25. Find x2 + y2 if x and y are positive integers such that

xy + x + y = 71, x2y + xy2 = 880

26. Positive integers a, b, c, and d satisfy a > b > c > d, a + b + c + d = 2010, and a 2 – b2 + c2 – d2 =
2010. Find the number of possible values of a.

27. There exist unique positive integers x and y that satisfy the equation x 2 + 84x + 2008 = y2.
Find x + y.

3 5 17 19
28. Let m be the largest real solution to the equation + + + = x2 − 11x − 4 There
x − 3 x − 5 x − 17 x − 19

are positive integers a, b, and c such that m = a + b − c . Find a + b + c.

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29. The polynomial P(x) is cubic. What is the largest value of k for which the polynomials Q 1(x) = x2 +
(k – 29)x – k and Q2(x) = 2x2 + (2k – 43)x + k are both factors of P(x)?

30. The function f has the property that, for each real number x, f(x) + f(x – 1) = x2. If f(19) = 94 what
is the remainder when f(94) is divided by 1000?

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