Design of a selected column

1.2 Design Checks

1.2.1 Check for Axial Stress
Lowest factored axial force = 481kN
481000
Factored axial stress = = 2.67 > 0.10 fck (Clause 7.1.1; IS 13920:1993)
300 x 600
Hence, design as a column member.
1.2.2 Check for member size
Width of column, B = 300mm  300mm (Clause 7.1.1; IS 13920:2016)
hence, ok.
Depth of column, D = 600mm
B 300
=
D 600
= .5 > .4
Hence, ok
Span, L = 3150mm
L ( 3150−400 ) X .85
D
= = 3.89 < 12
600
i.e., Short Column. Hence ok. (Clause 25.1.2 of IS 456: 2000)
Minimum dimension of column = 400 mm ≥ 15 times the largest diameter of beam
longitudinal reinforcement = 15 x 20 = 300mm
Hence, ok (Clause 7.1.2 of proposed draft IS 13920)
1.2.3 Check for Limiting Longitudinal Reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement, = 0.8 %.
.8 x 600 x 300
= 100
= 1440mm2 (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456:
2000)
Maximum reinforcement = 4%
4 x 600 x 300
= 100
= 7200mm2 (Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456:
2000)
1.3 Design for Earthquake in X-direction
Pu = 844kN
Mu = 38.242kN-m
pu 3
= 844 x 10 = .234
f ckbD 20 X 300 X 600
Mu 38.242 X 10
6

f ckb D
= = 0.02
2 20 X 300 X 600 X 600
d' 40+8+ 16
D
= 600
= 0.1
p
We get f = .02 ( Referring to Charts 44 and 45 of SP16)
ck

1.4 Design for Earthquake in Z-direction

Pu = 900kN
 Mu = 4.662kN-m
pu 900 x 10
3
= = .25
f ckbD 20 X 300 X 600
Mu 4.66 X 10
6

f ckb D
= = 0.02
2 20 X 300 X 600 X 600
d' 40+8+ 16
D
= 600
= 0.1
p
We get f = .02 ( Referring to Charts 44 and 45 of SP16)
ck

Longitudinal Steel The required steel will be governed by the higher of the above two
p
values and hence, take = 0.02
f ck
.4 x 600 x 300
Required steel = (0.02x 20) % = .4 % = = 720mm2
100
Provide 3-16Φ + 2-12Φ bars with total Asc provided = 829 mm2
829 x 100
= = .46
600 X 300
p .46
Hence f provided = = .023
ck 20
1.5 Checking of Section.
1.5.1 Checking for Critical Combination with Earthquake in X Direction
(Longitudinal direction)
Width = 300mm; Depth = 600mm
Pu = 844kN
Mu = 255kN-m
Clear height of column Lateral dimesion
Eccentricity = + (Clause 25.4 of IS
500 30
456:2000)
2750 300
= + = 15.5mm < 20mm
500 30

Hence, design eccentricity = 20 mm.

Mu = 844 x 0.02 = 16kN-m
pu p d'
For = .234 and
f ck
= .23 and = 0.1 (referring to Charts 48 of
f ck bD D
SP 16)
Mu
2 = .3
we get ,
f ck b D
M u 1=.3 x 20 x 300 x 300 x 600 = 324kNm
M u 2=.3 x 20 x 300 x 600 x 600 = 648kNm
PuZ = .45 f ck A g +.75 f Y A Sc (Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000)
= .45 f ck A g +(.75 f Y −.45 f ck ) A Sc
= .45 x 20 x 300 x 600 + (.75 x 500 - .45 x 20) x 829 = 1923.4kN
 Pu 844
= = .438 < 0.8 (Clause 39.6 of IS
p uz 1923.4
456:2000)
The constant αn which depends on factored axial compression resistance Puz is
evaluated as
.438−.2
α n = 1+ (2−1) = 1.4
.8−.2
Using the interaction formula (clause 39.6 of IS 456: 2000)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
αn αn 1.4 1.4
M ux M uy 38.242 16
+ = + = .055
M ux1 M uz 1 324 648
= .055 < 1
Hence ok.
1.5.2 Checking for Critical Combination with Earthquake in Z Direction
(Transverse direction)
Width = 300mm; Depth = 600mm
Pu = 900kN
Mu = 4.662kN-m
Clear height of column Lateral dimesion
Eccentricity = + (Clause 25.4 of IS
500 30
456:2000)
2750 600
= + = 25.5mm > 20mm
500 30
Hence, design eccentricity = 20 mm.
Mu = 900 x 0.0255 = 23kN-m
pu p d'
For = .25 and
f
= .23 and = 0.1 (referring to Charts 48 of SP
f ck bD ck D
16)
Mu
2 = .25
we get ,
f ck b D
M u 1=.25 x 20 x 300 x 300 x 600 = 270kNm
M u 2=.25 x 20 x 300 x 600 x 600 = 540kNm
PuZ = .45 f ck A g +.75 f Y A Sc (Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000)
= .45 f ck A g +(.75 f Y −.45 f ck ) A Sc
= .45 x 20 x 300 x 600 + (.75 x 500 - .45 x 20) x 829 = 1923.4kN
Pu 844
= = .438 >0.2 (Clause 39.6 of IS
p uz 1923.4
456:2000)

The constant αn which depends on factored axial compression resistance Puz is

evaluated as
.438−.2
α n = 1+ (2−1) = 1.4
.8−.2
 Using the interaction formula (clause 39.6 of IS 456: 2000)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] =.
αn αn 1.4 1.4
M ux M uz 23 4.66
+ = + 033
M ux1 M uz 1 270 540
= .03 < 1
Hence ok.
So steel is Provide 3-16Φ + 2-12Φ bars with total Asc provided = 829 mm2 (.47%)
1.6 Design for Shear
Assuming 50% steel provided as tensile steel to be on tension side,
.47
=. % = .235%
2
permissible shear stress τ c = 0.296 Mpa (Table 19 of IS 456: 2000)
Considering lowest Pu = 481kN,
3 Pu
we get Multiplying factor = δ = 1+
Ag x f
= 1.004
ck

= 1.004 < 1.5 (Clause 40.2.2 of IS 456:

2000)
τ c = .296 x 1.004 = .297 MPa
20
Effective depth in X direction = 300 - 40 - = 250mm
2
.297 x 600 x 250
Vc = .
1000
= 44.55Kn
20
Effective depth in Z direction = 600 - 40 - = 550mm
2
.297 x 300 x 550
Vc = .
1000
= 49.05kN
1.6.1 Shear as Per Analysis.

Considering lowest Pu = 658 kN, we get Multiplying factor = δ = g ck u A f 3P 1+

=1.49 < 1.5 (Clause 40.2.2 of IS 456: 2000) τ c = 0.70 Z 1.49 = 1.043 MPa Effective
depth in Z direction = 400-40-25/2 = 347.5 mm Vc = 1.043 Z 500 Z 347.5 /1,000 =
181 kN Effective depth in Y direction = 500-40-25/2 = 447.5 mm Vc = 1.043 x 400 x
447.5 /1,000 = 187 kN
Interior Beam – Column Joint Design
Detailed design of an interior joint as per IS 13920:2016 is explained for the ground plus four
storey RC office building.
The joint of column marked in Figure 4.1 for Frame 2 is considered for design as per
guidelines of IS 13920:2016. The plan of the building and the sectional elevations of a
typical RC frame is shown in Figures 4.1 and 4.2.

Design Data

The details of the column and beam reinforcement meeting at the joint are shown i….

Reinforcement details for

column and beams.

The transverse beam of size 300 x 400 is reinforced with 3-16mm Dia (603 mm2, i.e.,
.402%) at top and 3-16mm Dia (603 mm2, i.e .402%) at bottom. The hogging and sagging
moment capacity of transverse beam is evaluated as 59kN-m and 84kN-m, respectively.

The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is reinforced with 3-16mm Dia + 1- 16mm Dia
extra (804 mm2, i.e. .536%) at top and 3-16mm Dia (603mm i.e. .402%) at bottom. The
hogging and sagging moment capacity of longitudinal beam is evaluated as 30kN-m and
74kN-m, respectively.

Check for Earthquake in Y-Direction

Joint Shear
 Vcol

C2 T

VJoint

Column Shear

The column shear is as explained below. (Refer Figures 4.5 and 4.6 for sway to right and
left conditions respectively).
Vcol

hst Ms Mh

Vcol
Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4
hst
Column with sway to right
Vcol

hst Mh Ms

Vcol
Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4 hst

Column with sway to left

 bl bl
V u= 1.4 x (M u + M u )
h
1.4 x (59+84)
V u= = 63.55Kn
3.15

3 Force Developed in Beam Reinforcement

Figures 4.7 and 4.8 show the development of forces in the joint due to beam reinforcement,
for sway to right and left, respectively.
Force developed in the top bar
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy /1000
= 603 x 1.25 x 415/1000 = 312.806kN = C1
The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual ultimate strength being higher than the actual
yield strength.

(clause 9.1.2(b) of IS 13920:2016)

Force developed in the bottom bar

T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
=603 x 1.25 x 415 ==312.806kN = C2
Referring to Figure 4.4,
VJoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol
= 312.806 + 312.806 – 63.55 =562.052 Kn
Check for Joint Shear Strength
The effective width provisions for joints are shown in Figure 4.9.
The effective width of the joint is lesser of the ( clause 9.1.1 of IS
13920:2016)
bj = bb + 2x
ii) bj=bb + hc

Effective width for joint

bj= (bb + 2x)

 = 300 + 2 x 50

= 400mm

Or

bj = (bb+hc)
= 300 + 500 = 800 mm
(where, hc = depth of column in considered direction = 500 mm )
Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj= 400 mm wj = effective width of joint along the
direction of considered force
wj = 500 mm
At joint resisting shear = Aej = bjwj
Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej

Shear strength of joint confined on all four faces, as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016

= 1.5 x √20 x 400 x 500 = 1341.64mm

= 1341kN >562.052N
Hence, shear check is satisfied
Check for Flexural Strength Ratio
The transverse beam of size 300 x 400 is reinforced with 3-16mm Dia (603 mm2, i.e.,
.402%) at top and 3-16mm Dia (603 mm2, i.e .402%) at bottom. The hogging and sagging
moment capacity of transverse beam is evaluated as 59kN-m and 84kN-m.

The column is reinforced with 12- 12 bars with total Asc= 1356 mm2 i.e. 1356x 100 / (300
x 500) = 0.9%. p/fck = 0.9 / 20 = 0.045

Here, ∑MB= 59+43= 143 kN

Here, b= width of column =400 mm and D= Depth of column = 500 mm (dimension parallel
pu
to EQ direction i.e. Y-direction) Using SP 16 and of each load combination, the
f ckbD
moment carrying capacity of the column is evaluated and shown in Table 5.1. As per Figure
5.10, the joint is checked for strong column weak - beam condition.
 Table 5.1 Flexural capacity of section in Y direction of joint for each load combination
Load Axial pu Mu
combination (Kn) f ckbD f ckb D
2 Muy ∑Mb/∑Mc
1.5(DL+LL)
1 482.364 0.161 0.1 150
1.2(DL+LL+EQX
2 ) 380.231 0.127 .12 180
1.2(DL+LL-EQX)
3 391.551 0.131 0.13 195
1.2(DL+LL+EQY
4 ) 396.676 0.132 0.13 195
1.2(DL+LL-EQY)
5 375.107 0.125 0.12 180
1.258741
1.5(DL+EQX)
6 351.967 0.117 0.12 180 3
1.258741
1.5(DL-EQX)
7 366.117 0.122 0.12 180 3
1.5(DL+EQY)
8 372.523 0.124 0.1 150
1.5(DL-EQY)
9 345.561 0.115 0.1 150
1.153846
0.9DL + 1.5 EQX
10 208.35 0.069 0.11 165 2
1.153846
0.9DL - 1.5 EQX
11 222.5 0.074 0.11 165 2
0.9DL + 1.5 EQY
12 228.906 0.076 0.11 165
0.9DL - 1.5 EQY
13 201.945 0.067 0.11 165

Table 5.1 shows that, the ratio of ∑MC/∑MB is less than 1.4 Hence, requirement of strong
column -weak beam condition as per IS 13920:2016 is not satisfied.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016)
Check for Earthquake in X Direction
Joint Shear
 Vcol

C2 T

VJoint

Column Shear

The column shear is as explained below. (Refer Figures 4.5 and 4.6 for sway to right and
left conditions respectively).
Vcol

hst Ms Mh

Vcol
Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4
hst
Column with sway to right
Vcol

hst Mh Ms

Vcol
Mh + Ms
Vcol = 1.4 hst

Column with sway to left

 bl bl
V u= 1.4 x (M u + M u )
h
1.4 x (30+74)
V u= = 46.2kN
3.15

Force Developed in Beam Reinforcement

Figures 4.7 and 4.8 show the development of forces in the joint due to beam reinforcement,
for sway to right and left, respectively.
Force developed in the top bar
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy /1000
= 804 x 1.25 x 415/1000 = 417.075kN = C1
The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual ultimate strength being higher than the actual
yield strength.

(clause 9.1.2(b) of IS 13920:2016)

Force developed in the bottom bar

T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
=603 x 1.25 x 415 ==312.806kN = C2
Referring to Figure 4.4,
VJoint = T1 + C2 – Vcol
= 417.075+ 312.806 – 46.25 =683.681 kN
Check for Joint Shear Strength
The effective width provisions for joints are shown in Figure 4.9.
The effective width of the joint is lesser of the ( clause 9.1.1 of IS
13920:2016)
bj = bb + 2x
ii) bj=bb + hc

Effective width for joint

bj= (bb + 2x)

 = 300 + 2 x 50

= 400mm

Or

bj = (bb+hc)
= 300 + 500 = 800 mm
(where, hc = depth of column in considered direction = 500 mm )
Adopt lesser of the two values i.e. bj= 400 mm wj = effective width of joint along the
direction of considered force
wj = 500 mm
At joint resisting shear = Aej = bjwj
Shear strength = 1.5 f ck Aej

Shear strength of joint confined on all four faces, as per clause 9.1.1 of IS 13920:2016

= 1.5 x √20 x 400 x 500 = 1341.64mm

= 1341kN >683.681N
Hence, shear check is satisfied
Check for Flexural Strength Ratio

The longitudinal beam of size 300 x 500 is reinforced with 3-16mm Dia + 1- 16mm Dia
extra (804 mm2, i.e. .536%) at top and 3-16mm Dia (603mm i.e. .402%) at bottom. The
hogging and sagging moment capacity of longitudinal beam is evaluated as 30kN-m and
74kN-m, respectively.

The column is reinforced with 12- 12 bars with total Asc= 1356 mm2 i.e. 1356x 100 / (300
x 500) = 0.9%. p/fck = 0.9 / 20 = 0.045

Here, ∑MB= 70+34= 104 kN

Here, b= width of column =400 mm and D= Depth of column = 500 mm (dimension parallel
pu
to EQ direction i.e. Y-direction) Using SP 16 and of each load combination, the
f ckbD
moment carrying capacity of the column is evaluated and shown in Table 5.1. As per Figure
5.10, the joint is checked for strong column weak - beam condition
Table 5.2 Flexural capacity of section in X direction of joint for each load combination
pu Mu
Load f ckbD f ckb D2

combination Axial Muy ∑Mb/∑Mc

(kN)

1 1.5(DL+LL) 482.364 0.161 0.1 90

1.2(DL+LL+EQX)
2 380.231 0.127 .12 108 0.962963

3 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 391.551 0.131 0.13 117 0.8888889

4 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 396.676 0.132 0.13 117

5 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) 375.107 0.125 0.12 108

6 1.5(DL+EQX) 351.967 0.117 0.12 108 0.962963

7 1.5(DL-EQX) 366.117 0.122 0.12 108 0.962963

8 1.5(DL+EQY) 372.523 0.124 0.1 90

9 1.5(DL-EQY) 345.561 0.115 0.1 90

10 0.9DL + 1.5 EQX 208.35 0.069 0.11 99 1.0505051

11 0.9DL - 1.5 EQX 222.5 0.074 0.11 99 1.0505051

12 0.9DL + 1.5 EQY 228.906 0.076 0.11 99

13 0.9DL - 1.5 EQY 201.945 0.067 0.11 99

Table 5.2shows that, the ratio of ∑MC/∑MB is less than 1.4, hence requirement of strong
column weak beam condition as per IS 13920:2016 is not satisfied.

5.4.4 Re-design of Column

As can be seen from the checks in section 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.4.2 and 5.4.3, the joint is satisfying
shear check however it does not satisfy flexure check. it is proposed to increase the
reinforcement in the column. Member forces are taken as calculated earlier because column
size is not being changed
The Mcrequired in the transverse direction is 143 x 1.4 = 200.2kN-m and 1.4 x 104 = 145.6kN-
m in the longitudinal direction. Hence required moment capacity for the column is Mc = 311
kN-m in the transverse direction and 240 kN-m in the longitudinal direction.
(Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:2016)
Using SP: 16, the steel required to get the above moment capacity of the column is calculated
as 2%. Hence revise the main longitudinal steel to 8- 20+8-16 bars (4,120 mm2 , 2.06%
steel, as against earlier steel of 0.96%) p/fck =0.082. The revised reinforcement details are
shown in Figure 5.11.

In case of an internal joint like the one being designed where beams frame into all vertical
faces of the joint, adequate confinement can be assumed. If all four faces of the joint are
having beams framing into them covering atleast 75% of the width at each face, atleast half
the special confining reinforcement is required in the joint as per section 9.2.1(b) of IS
13920:2016. In this case the column dimensions are 400 x 500. The width of the beam is
300 mm, which is less than 3/4 width of column (i.e. 3/4 x 500 = 375 mm). Hence, fully
special confining reinforcement is required as per 9.2.1(b) of IS 13920:2006. The spacing
of hoops used as special confining reinforcement shall not exceed

6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcement bar = 6 x 16 = 96 mm

(ii) 150 mm (Clause 7.6.1(b) and Clause 9.2.1(b) of IS

13920:2016)

The area of cross section A sh of the bar forming rectangular hoop to be used as special
confining reinforcement shall not be less than

.18 x s x h x f ck A g
Ash = ( −1)
fy Ak
Assuming 10mm Dia stirrup, Ash = 78.54
.18 x s x h x f ck A g
Ash = ( −1)
fy Ak
 Or
.18 x s x h x f ck
¿
fy
h = (500 - 40 - 40- 10 -10 -12)/4 + 12 +10 +10 =129 mm or
= (300- 40 – 40- 10 -10 -12)/2 + 12 +10 +10 =126 mm,
h = 129mm, whichever is higher
Ak= (300 – 2 x 40 +2 x10 – 2 x 10) x (500-2 x 40 + 2 x 10 – 2 x 10 )
= 220 x 420mm

.18 x s x 129 x 20 300 x 400

78.54= ( −1)
415 220 x 420
= 234mm
Or
.18 x s x 129 x 20
78.54= 415
= 70mm
Sv = 70mm, whichever is lower value
Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed:
6 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcement bars = 6x12 = 72mm .
(Clause 7.6.1(b) of IS 13920:2016)

Provide 10 confining links @ 90 mm c/c for a distance Lo which shall not be less
than
a. Larger lateral dimension = 500 mm
b. 1/6 of clear span = (3,150 –500)/6 or (3150 – 300)/6 = 441.6mm
c. 450 mm (Clause 7.6.1(a) of IS
13920:2016)
Provide confining reinforcement for a distance of Lo = 500 mm on either side of the
joint.